电机滚动轴承故障排除二则

1 电机轴承内、外环松动的粘接修复1.1 故障现象 轴承内、外环的接触面上,产生圆周形的磨损度,堆积一层变色的氧化物铁末,如褐色、蓝色、毛刺等。1.2 故障诱因 轴承外环直径值小于端盖轴承安装孔直径值,或轴承内环直径值大于轴颈直径值时,均会导致轴承内、外环在不同圆周位置上跳跃式滑动磨损。1.3 修复方法 用耐磨胶AR-4修复轴承内、外环松动部位,具体工艺如下:     

变标度法的轴承故障诊断方法研究

滚动轴承的早期故障,其振动信号微弱,常规的故障诊断方法难以准确辨析。本文从分形原理出发,利用Hurst指数和变标度极差分析法,对轴承微弱故障产生的非平稳、非线性信号进行了定量的描述。研究表明,滚动轴承不同类型的故障,其动力学产生的机制不同,造成其分形维数、Hurst指数明显不同。因此利用Hurst指数以及变标度极差分析法可以准确地诊断和预测滚动轴承的早期故障。文章研究内容为滚动轴承的微弱故障的诊断与预测提供了新的研究思路。     

基于经验模态分解和Duffing振子的轴承故障诊断

针对齿轮箱轴承振动信号故障信息容易被噪声淹没,且具有非线性、非平稳特性的问题,提出了基于经验模态分解（EMD）和Duffing振子的轴承故障诊断方法。首先对原始振动信号进行经验模态分解,找到包含轴承故障信息的固有模态函数（IMF）,然后利用Duffing振子的分岔图找到混沌振子相轨迹发生变化的内部激励力分界值,并将Duffing 振子的内部激励力频率设定为轴承故障特征频率,最后从混沌振子输出相轨迹的变化来检测齿轮箱轴承故障信息。实验结果表明,基于EMD和Duffing振子的故障诊断方法能够检测轴承故障信息。     

基于卷积自编码器的旋转机械故障特征提取方法研究

滚动轴承作为旋转机械的关键部件,其健康状况对安全生产至关重要,对其未来健康状态以及剩余使用寿命的预测是实现故障智能诊断的主要挑战之一。为有效获得轴承退化过程,文章设计了一种改进损失函数的卷积自编码器(Convolutional Autoencode),使其可从多传感器采集的振动信号中提取轴承健康状态,避免局部信息丢失,并可得到更深层次的故障特征。同时,使用NASA的IMS数据集进行了验证和对比试验,得出本文所构建的卷积自编码器轴承健康预测模型相较于其他方法具有更准确的预测能力。     

基于双谱特征量的滚动轴承损伤部位识别

针对故障滚动轴承振动信号的非线性、非高斯性特征,将双谱和双相干谱分析方法用于滚动轴承故障特征的提取,给出了正常及外圈、内圈、滚动体局部损伤4种不同状态下轴承振动信号的双谱及双相干谱图,基于双谱形成了故障特征向量,并利用灰色关联度法识别了故障轴承局部损伤的发生部位。试验分析表明,对于损伤元件不同的轴承故障,振动信号的能量分布不同,双谱特征图谱存在明显的差异,而且双谱比双相干谱更有利于故障特征的提取。     

基于EEMD的农机轴承故障诊断

针对经验模式分解(EMD)在非线性信号处理中存在的模态混叠问题,本研究采用了总体经验模式分解(EEMD)方法对农机中的轴承进行故障诊断。将农机轴承故障信号加入随机白噪声构成总体信号再进行EMD分解,然后对分解所得的固有模态函数(IMF)做包络谱分析,在包络谱中清晰地显示出了轴承故障特征。实验结果表明,避免了模态混叠现象的产生,是一种有效的农机轴承故障诊断方法。     

电工通讯

电工通讯水泵电机轴承故障的粘接修复王克权四川自贡龙井路９１号金属容器厂（６４３０１０）一、水泵电机滚动轴承外环松动的粘接修复。有台１００ｋＷ的泵用电动机，用耐磨胶粘接端盖轴承安装孔，与传统机械修理方法相比，省工节料。已使用四年情况良好。１．把端盖轴承...     

基于EEMD多尺度模糊熵与BP神经网络的滚动轴承故障表征诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动时间序列非线性与非平稳性特征,提出一种基于多尺度模糊熵的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先通过集合经验模态分解对故障振动信号进行自适应分解;根据得到固有模态函数分量(IMF)求取相应的多尺度模糊熵;在此基础上以EEMD多尺度模糊熵作为故障特征输入到BP神经网络中进行学习和分类。实验结果表明该方法能够实现对轴承的内圈、外圈及滚动体三种故障类型的诊断,准确率达到了99. 5%。     

浅谈联合收割机易损件的选购

<正>收割机的易损件主要包括承轴、链条、三角带、切秆刀片等。了解收割机常见易损件的购买要领,熟练掌握收割机易损件的更换与修复技术,对及时处理收割机故障,提高作业效率具有重要意义。选购收割机易损件不要贪图便宜买劣质的配件,具体注意事项如下。1.选购轴承轴承是收割机使用最多的易损件,直接影响到整机的操作安全和作业流畅性。合格的滚珠轴承是用优质轴承钢制成,其内外环及保持架在擦去防锈油后     

基于 NARX 神经网络的农产品价格时间序列预测方法研究

针对传统时间序列预测方法在非线性时间序列预测上的不足,引入了非线性有源自回归神经网络（ NARX ）,建立了基于非线性有源自回归神经网络农产品价格时间序列预测模型。该模型利用核函数对农产品价格时间序列进行数据变换;再用统计分析方法对模型性能进行评价、分析,进而对模型性能进行优化。实验结果表明：非线性有源自回归神经网络较传统时间序列预测模型,对非线性时间序列预测有更好的适应性和更高的预测精度。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.