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尿苷-磷酸合成酶缺陷(DUMPS)是荷斯坦牛中发生的一种致死性遗传病,呈常染色体隐性遗传,其杂合子对健康无不良影响,而隐性基因的纯合子会导致胚胎在怀孕40天左右死亡。估计美国荷斯坦黑白花牛中DUMPS的携带者占1%—2%。鉴于美国牛的精液、胚胎和种牛有全球市场,所以在 相似文献
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为建立一种快速高通量的荷斯坦牛瓜氨酸血症(Citrullinemia,CN)分子检测方法,依据CN是由于精氨酸琥珀酸(ASS)合成酶基因编码第86位精氨酸的密码子突变为终止密码子的遗传学基础,利用Assay Design SW软件设计了1对引物和1条测序引物对三种不同基因型的基因材料进行测序分析。用建立的方法对55份进境荷斯坦牛血样进行检测,发现有1例为隐性基因携带者,将PCR产物进行常规测序,结果与焦磷酸测序检测结果一致。研究表明该方法可用于荷斯坦牛瓜氨酸血症的检测,是一种有效的新方法。 相似文献
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旨在研究中国荷斯坦牛中瓜氨酸血症(Citrullinemia,CN)和尿苷酸核酶缺乏症(Deficiency of uridinemonophosphate synthase,DUMPS)2种遗传缺陷的携带者比率及系谱来源,并构建更简便的检测方法。本研究通过PCR-RFLP方法对参加我国联合青年公牛后裔测定和良种补贴项目的591头荷斯坦公牛进行了大规模CN和DUMPS的遗传缺陷检测,并构建了奶牛CN隐性有害基因的AS-PCR检测技术。结果,共发现2头CN和1头DUMPS隐性有害基因携带者公牛,携带者比例分别为0.34%和0.17%。经过系谱追溯,2头CN携带者公牛均为澳大利亚公牛Linmack Kriss King-CN后代,DUMPS携带者公牛为美国公牛Skokie sensation Ned后代。基于此,我国有必要尽快建立荷斯坦牛隐性遗传缺陷监控体系并进行系谱标注,通过青年公牛预选和选种选配,避免携带者公牛进入后裔测定和良种补贴项目,以逐步降低我国奶牛群体中隐性有害等位基因频率。 相似文献
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牛白细胞黏附缺陷症(BLAD)是由常染色体上CD18基因单碱基突变(A→G)引起的隐性遗传疾病,患病牛只机体免疫力降低、易患病,影响其生产性能的表现。本研究采用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应方法(PCR-RFLP),检测了北京502头荷斯坦母牛CD18编码基因第二外显子的多态性。结果表明,3个奶牛场中共检测到2种基因型——AA和AG,未检测到GG基因型。检测群体BLAD基因携带率为3.1%,说明北京地区规模化奶牛场使用的公牛冻精中BLAD基因没有得到彻底净化,导致母牛群体中BLAD基因携带率在3.0%以上。在奶牛育种和生产中,应有计划的淘汰携带BLAD基因的个体,净化京郊荷斯坦奶牛群体。 相似文献
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为建立一种快速高通量的荷斯坦奶牛脊柱畸形综合征(Complex vertebral malformation,CVM)变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)的分子检测方法,根据CVM是由于SLC35A3基因第4外显子559位处发生G→T突变的遗传学基础,设计了1对引物对3种不同基因型的基因材料PCR扩增,利用Navigator软件分析确定检测温度、洗脱浓度及梯度等条件,建立检测方法。对55份进境荷斯坦奶牛血样进行检测,发现有1例为隐性基因携带者,将PCR产物送测序,结果与DHPLC检测结果一致。研究表明,PCR-DHPLC是一种可有效用于荷斯坦奶牛脊椎畸形综合征检测的新方法。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to define the structures of the digits and hoof in Holstein dairy cattle by using computed tomography scan (CT scan). Transverse, sagittal and dorsoplantar CT images of two isolated cattle cadaver digits were obtained using a Siemens ARTX2 Somatom. The CT images were compared to corresponding frozen cross-sections. Relevant anatomical structures were identified and labelled at each level. The CT images provided anatomical detail of the digits and hoof in Holstein dairy cattle. Transversal images provided excellent depiction of anatomical structures when compared to corresponding frozen cross-sections. The information presented in this paper would serve as an initial reference to the evaluation of CT images of the digits and hoof in Holstein dairy cattle. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was defining the normal structures of the digits and hoof in Holstein dairy cattle using Magnetic
Resonance Image (MRI). Transverse, Sagital and Dorsoplantar MRI images of three isolated cattle cadaver digits were obtained
using Gyroscan T5-NT a magnet of 0.5 Tesla and T1 Weighted sequence. The MRI images were compared to corresponding frozen
cross-sections and dissect specimens of the cadaver digits. Relevant anatomical structures were identified and labeled at
each level. The MRI images provided anatomical detail of the digits and hoof in Holstein dairy cattle. Transversal images
provided excellent depiction of anatomical structures when compared to corresponding frozen cross-sections. The information
presented in this paper would serve as an initial reference to the evaluation of MRI images of the digits and hoof in Holstein
dairy cattle, that can be used by radiologist, clinicians, surgeon or for research propose in bovine lameness. 相似文献
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Seiji KATAGIRI Masaharu MORIYOSHI Yoshiyuki TAKAHASHI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(6):575-579
A high incidence (about 70%) of alteration in endometrial epidermal growth factor
(EGF) profile, i.e., loss of 2 peaks on days 2–4 and 13–14, has been linked to a
reduced fertility in multiparous repeat breeder Holstein cows. However, the EGF
profile in Holstein heifers and other breeds (types) of cattle has not been
investigated. In study 1, EGF concentrations were determined using endometrial
tissues obtained by biopsy on days 3, 7 and 14 from 84 fertile Holstein heifers to
obtain a normal range and 53 repeat breeder Holstein heifers to estimate incidence of
alterations in the EGF profile. In repeat breeder heifers, EGF concentrations were
similar to fertile controls on 3 days and five animals (9.4%) had an altered EGF
profile with EGF concentrations below the normal range on days 3 and 14. In study 2,
EGF concentrations on day 3 were repeatedly examined from the nulliparous period to
the third postpartum period in 28 Holstein (dairy) and 47 Japanese Black (beef)
cattle. The effect of parity on EGF concentrations on day 3 was different between
Holstein and Japanese Black cattle. In Japanese Black cows, the EGF concentrations
were consistently high throughout the study period, while in Holstein cows, the EGF
concentrations decreased after the second calving. In conclusion, unlike multiparous
repeat breeder Holstein cows, an altered EGF profile may not be a major cause of
repeat breeding in Holstein heifers, and the peak EGF concentrations around day 3 may
decrease even in fertile populations of multiparous dairy cows, but not in beef
cows. 相似文献
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产犊间隔(calving internal,CI)又称胎间距,即两次产犊间的时间间隔,能够综合反映奶牛发情、配种、妊娠和产犊等繁殖性能,是衡量奶牛繁殖性能的一个重要指标,同时也是影响奶牛产奶量和产犊数量的重要因素,对奶牛养殖经济效益具有直接影响。最新研究显示,适宜产犊间隔与牛群泌乳能力相关,泌乳能力越高,适宜产犊间隔应越长。但是,即使中国规模化牛场产奶量已经有了大幅提升,中国大多数牧场还在追求更短的产犊间隔。为此,作者对影响荷斯坦奶牛产犊间隔的因素及其研究进展进行概述,并简要阐述了产犊间隔对牛场经济效益的影响,以期为中国荷斯坦奶牛养殖确定适宜产犊间隔提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。 相似文献
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不同品种牛乳营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成测定比较研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(5):93-97
[目的] 比较中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛乳中常规营养成分含量、矿物质元素含量及脂肪酸含量和组成的差异。[方法] 选取中国荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛各6头,每头奶牛收集200 mL生鲜乳样品,利用乳成分分析仪测定乳中常规营养成分含量,通过原子吸收分光光度计测定乳中矿物质元素含量,应用气相色谱仪测定乳中脂肪酸含量和组成。采用统计学方法对不同品种牛乳中的营养成分含量及脂肪酸含量和组成进行比较。[结果] 中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳脂含量显著(P<0.05)高于荷斯坦奶牛,乳蛋白含量显著(P<0.05)高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛;中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中乳钙含量显著(P<0.05)高于荷斯坦奶牛,乳锌含量显著(P<0.05)高于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛。中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中豆蔻酸含量显著(P<0.05)低于荷斯坦奶牛,油酸和亚油酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于西门塔尔牛;中国荷斯坦奶牛生鲜乳中饱和脂肪酸含量显著(P<0.05)低于西门塔尔牛,不饱和脂肪酸含量显著(P<0.05)高于西门塔尔牛。[结论] 中国荷斯坦奶牛乳中部分营养成分和矿物质元素含量接近或优于荷斯坦奶牛和西门塔尔牛,脂肪酸含量和组成与荷斯坦奶牛相近,脂肪酸组成优于西门塔尔牛。 相似文献
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通过对育成荷斯坦奶公牛与西门塔尔牛、新疆褐牛及新疆土种牛肉品质部分指标的比较分析研究,旨在探讨荷斯坦奶公牛的肉品质。选择在相同营养模式下18月龄左右4个品种牛各3头进行屠宰,取右半边胴体的背最长肌作为肉品质试验样品,分别对牛肉的肉品质、常规营养成分及氨基酸含量进行测定和分析。结果表明,荷斯坦奶公牛肉色、失水率、系水力、熟肉率、大理石花纹等指标均优于新疆褐牛、新疆土种牛,次于西门塔尔牛;荷斯坦奶公牛嫩度优于新疆土种牛;粗蛋白质、粗灰分含量分别为20.14%、1.11%,且各品种间差异均不显著(P>0.05),干物质含量为26.30%,显著高于新疆褐牛和新疆土种牛(P<0.05),低于西门塔尔牛(P>0.05),粗脂肪含量为10.04%,显著高于其他品种牛(P<0.05);荷斯坦奶公牛含有人体需要的各种氨基酸,其中蛋氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、牛磺酸等含量丰富,氨基酸组成比例良好。 相似文献
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Arai T Inoue A Takeguchi A Mizutani H Shimoo M Sako T Yoshimura I Kimura N 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(11):1241-1243
Concentrations of plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and free fatty acid (FFA) and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern in plasma and leukocytes were investigated in lactating Holstein cows (dairy cattle) and fattening Japanese Black Wagyu x Holstein steers (beef cattle). IRI concentrations and LDH and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities in the plasma of beef cattle were significantly higher than those in dairy cattle. The cytosolic ratio of MDH/LDH activity in the leukocytes of beef cattle was significantly higher than that of dairy cattle. These findings might be associated with the different energy metabolism between dairy and beef cattle. 相似文献
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选取牛雄性性别决定基因SRY (sex region of Y chromosome),根据基因序列设计特异引物,应用PCR技术对5头荷斯坦奶牛DNA样品进行扩增,鉴定其性别;并对设计的引物灵敏度进行检测;对已有的公、母各20头荷斯坦奶牛DNA样品进行PCR盲检,获取奶牛高灵敏度特异性引物,用于奶牛性别鉴定。结果表明,4头公牛DNA样品可以扩增出目标条带(66 bp),1头母牛DNA样品无法扩增出条带,阴性对照扩增无条带;最佳引物灵敏度为1.6 pg/μL,可以很好地满足性别鉴定需要。40头个体中,20头个体DNA样品可以扩增出条带,其余20头个体DNA样品无法扩增出条带,检测结果与实际性别对比准确率为100%。试验结果表明,设计的引物灵敏度比较好,能够满足奶牛性别鉴定的需要。 相似文献
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Kim ES Shi X Cobanoglu O Weigel K Berger PJ Kirkpatrick BW 《Journal of animal science》2009,87(3):835-843
Twinning in cattle is a complex trait that is associated with economic loss and health issues such as abortion, dystocia, and reduced calf survival. Twinning-rate QTL have been detected previously on BTA5 in the North American Holstein and Norwegian dairy cattle populations and in a USDA herd selected for high twinning rate. In previous work with the North American Holstein population, the strongest evidence for a QTL was obtained from analysis of an extended, multiple-generation family. Using additional animals, an increased density of SNP marker association tests, and a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium mapping method, we refined the position of this QTL in the North American Holstein population. Two sets of twinning-rate predicted transmitting abilities estimated during 2 different time periods in the North American dairy cattle population were used to provide validation of results. A total of 106 SNP and 3 microsatellites were used to scan the genomic region between 5 and 80 Mb on BTA5. Combined linkage-linkage disequilibrium analysis identified significant evidence for QTL within the 25- to 35-Mb and 64- to 70-Mb regions of BTA5. The IGF-1 gene (IGF1) was examined as a positional candidate gene and an SNP in intron 2 of IGF1 was significantly associated with twinning rate by using both data sets (P = 0.003 and P = 1.05 x 10(-6)). Replication of this association in other cattle populations will be required to examine the extent of linkage disequilibrium with the underlying quantitative trait nucleotide across breeds. 相似文献