Effects of planting methods on yield and quality of different types of japonica rice in northern Jiangsu plain,China

Mechanical transplanting with carpet seedlings (MC) and mechanical direct seeding (MD) are newly developed planting methods, which increase in popularity and planted area each year. Knowing the difference for yield and rice quality under different planting methods is of great importance for the development of high quality and yield cultivation techniques under mechanical conditions. Therefore, three kinds of japonica rice including hybrid japonica rice, inbreed japonica rice, and soft rice were adopted as materials. And the differences in the quality of processing, appearance, cooking and eating quality, nutrition, and the rapid viscosity analyzer (RVA) profile were studied to reveal the effects of planting methods on yield and quality of different types of japonica rice. Results showed that the milled rice and head rice rates under MC was significantly higher than those under MD, and the processing quality of inbreed japonica rice was the most stable. Compared with MC, length/width ratio of rice under MD was significantly increased, and chalkiness rate, size, and degree were significantly decreased. The protein content under MD was lower than that under MC. MC showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown value than MD. The taste value was the greatest for soft rice, followed by inbreed japonica rice, and then by japonica hybrid rice, with no significant differences resulting from planting methods. Compared with MC, MD significantly improved the appearance quality, though processing quality and nutritional quality were decreased. And there was no significant difference in cooking and eating quality between MC and MD. Under different planting methods, the appearance quality of inbreed japonica rice changed the most and the processing quality was the most stable. The nutritional, cooking and eating quality of soft rice changed the least. Therefore, according to the different planting methods and market needs, selecting the appropriate rice varieties can reduce the risks in rice production and achieve good rice quality.     

Comparative analysis on grain quality and yield of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Indica-japonica hybrid rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars showed high yield potential and poor tasting quality when compared with common japonica rice cultivars. Large panicle is a prominent factor of high yield for indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars, and the panicle weight varies greatly among different indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. It is important to research on yield and grain quality of different panicle weight indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars. In this study, two different panicle types indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were used to research on the relation of yield and grain quality. The yields of two heavy panicle weights indica-japonica hybrid cultivars were significantly higher than that of two medium panicle weight rice cultivars. The cooking and eating quality and starch properties of different panicle type cultivars were evaluated. Yongyou 6715(medium panicle) and Yongyou 1852(heavy panicle) got the relatively higher cooking and eating quality. Rice cultivars with medium panicle weight had more large starch granules and higher relative crystallinity than cultivars with heavy panicle weight. Transition temperature and retrogradation enthalpy(ΔHret) of medium panicle type cultivars were significantly higher than that of heavy panicle type cultivars. There was no significant difference in amylose content among different panicle type cultivars. Protein content of heavy panicle type cultivar was higher than that of medium panicle type cultivar, and protein content is the main factor affect cooking and eating quality in this study. The cultivar Yongyou 6715 got the highest taste value with the lowest protein content. Thus, it is suggested that the emphasis on improving rice cooking and eating quality of indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivars is how to reduce the protein content in rice grain. According to the results of this study, medium panicle type with high grain weight is the desired panicle type for high quality indica-japonica hybrid rice breeding.     

播期对麦茬直播粳稻产量及品质的影响

  【目的】探讨麦后直播条件下播期对不同熟期类型水稻品种产量及品质的影响。【方法】以3种熟期类型的6个水稻品种为材料,通过分期播种试验,对不同播期条件下直播稻产量形成及品质性状进行分析。【结果】随着播期的推迟,3种熟期类型水稻品种产量均显著下降,且变化程度不一;产量的下降主要在于每穗颖花数和结实率的降低,穗数和千粒重变化不大。不同播期条件下直播稻的主要品质性状的变化规律在品种类型间有所异同：随着播期的推迟,产生相同效应的是外观品质和蒸煮与食味品质,但变化趋势不一,外观品质均呈变优的趋势,蒸煮与食味品质则呈变劣的趋势;产生不同效应的是加工品质和营养品质,推迟播期使中熟中粳和迟熟中粳类型品种的加工品质变优而营养品质变劣,早熟晚粳类型品种的加工品质变劣而营养品质变优。【结论】直播稻在前茬腾茬时间允许的条件下尽可能早播易取得高产,且可以改善稻米的蒸煮与食味品质,但降低了外观品质,播期对加工品质和营养品质的影响因品种熟期类型而异。     

Yield characteristics of japonica/indica hybrids rice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China

Although a lot of researches have been done on yield characteristics of japonica/indica hybrid rice, there is little information on differences of yield characteristics between different types of hybrid. To determine common characteristics of japonica/indica hybrid rice(JIHR) and identify the differences between different types of JIHR, the present study assessed yield characteristics, such as panicle trait, leaf area index(LAI), above-ground biomass accumulation, and nitrogen absorption and utilization, among three types of cultivar of JIHR. In our field experiments, three types of JIHR, e.g., Yongyou, Chunyou and Jiayouzhongke, were divided, and each of them has two cultivars, which were used as materials, meanwhile, using conventional japonica rice(CJR) Wuyingjing 31 and Sujing 9 were as controls. The results showed that the mean yield of those JIHR was above 12 t ha–1 in 2017 and 2018, and was 31.9 and 32.2%, respectively higher than that of CJR in the two years. Spikelet number per panicle of JIHR resulted in high yield. Higher yield of JIHR was likely contributed to greater panicle number and more spikelets per panicle. Higher yielding JIHR showed stronger tillering capacity, larger LAI and above-ground biomass accumulation from jointing to heading stages, which likely contributed to the higher number of spikelets per panicle. The long duration from heading to maturity stages allowed more nitrogen accumulation of higher yielding JIHR.     

引进粳稻品种品质性状的相关及聚类分析

通过对19个引进水稻品种的16个品质性状(包括RVA黏度谱)进行相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析,结果表明:最低黏度与糙米率和整精米率呈显著负相关,消减值和回复值与直链淀粉含量呈极显著正相关;主成分分析中粒形因子与蒸煮食味品质因子对稻米品质的累积贡献率为62.159%;19个水稻品种被归为3类,各具优秀品质特点。     

Comparisons of yield performance and nitrogen response between hybrid and inbred rice under different ecological conditions in southern China

In order to understand the yield performance and nitrogen(N) response of hybrid rice under different ecological conditions in southern China, field experiments were conducted in Huaiji County of Guangdong Province, Binyang of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Changsha City of Hunan Province, southern China in 2011 and 2012. Two hybrid(Liangyoupeijiu and Y-liangyou 1) and two inbred rice cultivars(Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan) were grown under three N treatments(N1, 225 kg ha–1; N2, 112.5–176 kg ha–1; N3, 0 kg ha–1) in each location. Results showed that grain yield was higher in Changsha than in Huaiji and Binyang for both hybrid and inbred cultivars. The higher grain yield in Changsha was attributed to larger panicle size(spikelets per panicle) and higher biomass production. Consistently higher grain yield in hybrid than in inbred cultivars was observed in Changsha but not in Huaiji and Binyang. Higher grain weight and higher biomass production were responsible for the higher grain yield in hybrid than in inbred cultivars in Changsha. The better crop performance of rice(especially hybrid cultivars) in Changsha was associated with its temperature conditions and indigenous soil N. N2 had higher internal N use efficiency, recovery efficiency of applied N, agronomic N use efficiency, and partial factor productivity of applied N than N1 for both hybrid and inbred cultivars, while the difference in grain yield between N1 and N2 was relatively small. Our study suggests that whether hybrid rice can outyield inbred rice to some extent depends on the ecological conditions, and N use efficiency can be increased by using improved nitrogen management such as site-specific N management in both hybrid and inbred rice production.     

Effects of the potassium application rate on lipid synthesis and eating quality of two rice cultivars

Lipid content has an important effect on rice eating quality, but the effects of fertilizer application rate on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice are not well understood. Potassium (K) has a strong influence on rice quality and the requirement for K fertilizer in rice is greater than for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers. To investigate the effects of K fertilizer on the lipid synthesis and eating quality of rice, we used Nanjing 9108 (NJ9108, japonica) and IR72 (indica) rice as experimental materials and four K levels: K0 (0 kg ha^–1), K1 (90 kg ha^–1), K2 (135 kg ha^–1) and K3 (180 kg ha^–1). The results showed that the lipid content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content, malonyl-CoA (MCA) content, phosphatidic acid (PA) content, lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and eating quality first increased and then decreased with increasing K in both cultivars. The maximum values were obtained under K2. However, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content showed the opposite trend. No significant differences were found in pyruvate (PYR) content among the K treatments. The protein and oxaloacetic acid (OAA) contents and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity of NJ9108 first decreased and then increased with increasing K, and the minimum values were obtained under K2; while IR72 showed the opposite trend and the maximum values were obtained under K1. Overall, increasing K optimized the fatty acid components and increased the lipid content and eating quality of rice by enhancing lipid synthesis-related enzyme activities and regulating substrate competition for lipid and protein synthesis. The optimal K application rate for lipid synthesis, eating quality and grain yield was 135 kg ha^–1 for both cultivars.     

减氮对机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响

【目的】研究减氮对机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质的影响,为机插杂交籼稻合理减氮提供理论依据。【方法】以杂交籼稻品种宜香优2115和F优498为试验材料,基于品种高产栽培施氮量（180 kg/ha,CK）,在贵州贵阳和湄潭2个试验点,研究不同减氮量[减氮30 kg/ha（N_-30）、减氮60 kg/ha（N_-60）和不施氮（N₀）]对机插杂交籼稻产量、加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质的影响。【结果】在贵阳和湄潭试验点,减氮后机插杂交籼稻产量和稻米品质变化趋势基本一致,即随着减氮程度的增加,机插杂交籼稻群体颖花量和实际产量均逐渐降低,稻谷加工品质（糙米率、精米率和整精米率）表现为先增加后降低,稻米外观品质（垩白粒率和垩白度）和蛋白质含量逐渐降低,而稻米蒸煮食味品质（胶稠度和直链淀粉含量）均逐渐增加,综合食味值评分提高。与CK相比,减氮后机插杂交籼稻群体颖花量和实际产量分别降低4.43%~35.08%和1.76%~38.77%,垩白粒率、垩白度和蛋白质分别降低2.08%~29.58%、3.57%~45.33%和3.10%~21.37%,胶稠度、直链淀粉含量和食味值分别提高3.89%~49.28%、0.52%~13.24%和0.25%~5.67%;同一减氮处理下两试验点稻谷加工品质变化趋势略有不同,但整体上差异较小。相关分析结果表明,实际产量与群体颖花量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01,下同）,且实际产量和群体颖花量与稻米蒸煮食味品质（胶稠度、碱消值和食味值）大多呈显著（P<0.05,下同）或极显著负相关,与稻米加工品质（糙米率、精米率）、外观品质（垩白粒率、垩白度）和蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】适宜的减氮量（N_-30）能改善稻谷加工品质、稻米外观品质和蒸煮食味品质,且产量仍能维持在9.80 t/ha以上,协同实现机插杂交籼稻稳产和优质;而过量减氮（N_-60和N₀处理）虽能提高稻米外观品质和蒸煮食味品质,但稻谷加工品质有变劣趋势,且产量显著降低,难以实现机插杂交籼稻高产稳产。     

Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice

There is limited information about the combined effect of shading time and nitrogen(N) on grain filling and quality of rice. Therefore, two japonica super rice cultivars, Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3, were used to study the effect of shading time and N level on the characteristics of rice panicle and grain filling as well as the corresponding yield and quality. At a low N level(150 kg N ha~(–1), 150 N), grain yield decreased(by 21.07–26.07%) under the treatment of 20 days of shading before heading(BH) compared with the no shading(NS) treatment. These decreases occurred because of shortened panicle length, decreased number of primary and secondary branches, as well as the grain number and weight per panicle. At 150 N, in the treatment of 20 days of shading after heading(AH), grain yield also decreased(by 9.46–10.60%) due to the lower grain weight per panicle. The interaction of shading and N level had a significant effect on the number of primary and secondary branches. A high level of N(300 kg N ha~(–1), 300 N) could offset the negative effect of shading on the number of secondary branches and grain weight per panicle, and consequently increased the grain yield in both shading treatments. In superior grains, compared with 150 N NS, the time to reach 99% of the grain weight(T_(99)) was shortened by 1.6 to 1.7 days, and the grain weight was decreased by 4.18–5.91% in 150 N BH. In 150 N AH, the grain weight was 13.39–13.92% lower than that in 150 N NS due to the slow mean and the maximum grain-filling rate(GR_(mean )and GR_(max)). In inferior grains, grain weight and GR_(mean) had a tendency of 150 N NS150 N BH150 N AH. Under shaded conditions, 300 N decreased the grain weight due to lower GR_(mean) both in superior and inferior grains. Compared with 150 N NS, the milling and appearance qualities as well as eating and cooking quality were all decreased in 150 N BH and 150 N AH. Shading with the high level of 300 N improved the milling quality and decreased the number of chalky rice kernels, but the eating and cooking quality was reduced with increased chalky area and overall chalkiness. Therefore, in the case of short term shading, appropriate N fertilizer could be used to improve the yield and milling quality of rice, but limited application of N fertilizer is recommended to achieve good eating and cooking quality of rice.     

Effect of wide-narrow row arrangement in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting and plant density on yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice

Mechanical pot-seedling transplanting is an innovatively developed transplanting method that has the potential to replace mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting. However, the initial pot-seedling transplanting machine lacked optimized density spacing and limited yield potential for japonica rice. Therefore, ascertaining the optimized density by wide-narrow rows and the appropriate transplanting method for yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice is of great importance for high-quality rice production. Field experiments were conducted using two japonica rice cultivars Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 5055 under three transplanting methods in 2016 and 2017: mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row(K, average row spacing of 30 cm); equidistant row(D, 33 cm×12 cm); and mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting(T, 30 cm×12.4 cm). In addition, five different density treatments were set in K(K1–K5, from 18.62×10~4 to 28.49×10~4 hills ha~(–1)). The results showed that the highest yield was produced by a planting density of 26.88×104 hills ha~(–1) in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row with a greater number of total spikelets that resulted from significantly more panicles per area and slightly more grain number per panicle, as compared with equidistant row, and yield among density in wide-narrow row showed a parabolic trend. Compared with mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting, the treatment of the highest yield increased yield significantly, which was mainly attributed to the larger sink size with improved filled-grain percentage and grain weight, higher harvest index, and increased total dry matter accumulation, especially the larger amount accumulated from heading stage to maturity stage. With the density in wide-narrow row decreasing, processing quality, appearance quality, and nutrition quality were all improved, whereas amylose content and the taste value were decreased. Compared with mechanical carpet-seedling transplanting, mechanical pot-seedling transplanting improved processing quality and nutrition quality, but decreased amylose content and deteriorated appearance quality. These results suggested that mechanical pot-seedling transplanting with wide-narrow row coupling produced a suitable planting density of 26.88×10~4 hills ha~(–1) and may be an alternative approach to improving grain yield and quality for japonica rice.     

Effects of slow or controlled release fertilizer types and fertilization modes on yield and quality of rice

There is limited information about the influence of slow or controlled release fertilizer (S/CRF) on rice yield and quality. In this study, japonica rice cultivar Nanjing 9108 was used to study the effects of three different S/CRFs (polymer-coated urea (PCU), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and urea formaldehyde (UF)) and two fertilization modes (both S/CRF and common urea (CU) as basal fertilizer, S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer) on rice yield and quality. CU only was applied separately as control (CK). Results showed that, rice grain yield, chalky kernel rate, chalky area, overall chalkiness, and the content of gliadin, glutenin, and protein, all showed the trends of UF>PCU>SCU within the same fertilization mode, and showed the trends of S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer>both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer within the same type of S/CRF. In contrast, the contents of amylose, amylopectin, and starch, as well as taste value, and peak and hot viscosity showed trends of SCU>PCU>UF, and the trends of both S/CRF and CU as basal fertilizer>S/CRF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer. Among S/CRF treatments and fertilization modes, taste values of cooked rice were positively correlated with amylose, amylopectin, and starch contents, as well as gel consistency, peak viscosity, hot viscosity, and cool viscosity, while negatively correlated with globulin, gliadin, glutenin, and protein contents. The types of S/CRF and fertilization modes are important for improving rice yield and quality. Compared to CK, higher yield and similar quality of rice was achieved with UF as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer, and similar yield with improved appearance and eating and cooking quality of rice was achieved with either both UF and CU as basal fertilizer, or PCU as basal and CU as tillering fertilizer.     

Dry matter production and panicle characteristics of high yield and good taste indica hybrid rice varieties

Indica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) production aims to achieve two crucial targets: high yield and good taste. This study selected three types of indica hybrid rice according to grain yield and taste value, including high yield and good taste (HYGT), low yield and good taste (LYGT), and high yield and poor taste (HYPT), to analyze yield components, corresponding growth characteristics, and rice taste quality. When values were averaged across varieties and years, there were almost no differences in taste value between HYGT and LYGT; HYGT showed a significant increase in yield, owing to a higher number of panicles and spikelets per panicle, with a respective increment of 16.2 and 20.6%. The higher grain yield of HYGT compared with LYGT was attributed to three key factors: a higher leaf area index (LAI) during heading, a higher ratio of grain to leaf, and a higher biomass accumulation at maturity. HYGT and HYPT achieved similar high yields; however, HYGT had more panicle numbers and lower grain weight. In addition, HYGT showed a significantly higher taste value than HYPT, attributed to its significantly lower protein and amylose contents, with reductions of 8.8 and 15.7%, respectively. Lower protein and amylose contents might be caused by a proper matter translocation from vegetative organs to panicle. This study suggested that reasonable panicle characteristics and translocation efficiency from vegetative organs to panicle during heading to maturity are the key factors in balancing yield and rice taste quality. These results will provide valuable insights for rice breeders to improve the grain yield and quality of indica hybrid rice.     

Yield potential and stability in super hybrid rice and its production strategies

China's Super Hybrid Rice Breeding Program has made significant progress over the past two decades. In this paper, we reviewed our studies on the yield potential and stability in super hybrid rice and discussed the strategies for super hybrid rice production. The results of our studies show that rice yield potential has been increased by 12% in super hybrid cultivars as compared with ordinary hybrid and inbred cultivars. The higher grain yields in super hybrid rice cultivars are attributed to larger panicle size coupled with higher biomass production or higher harvest index. However, grain yields in super hybrid rice cultivars vary widely among locations depending on soil and climatic factors. Therefore, it is important to tailor target yield to local conditions in super hybrid rice production. The target yield for super hybrid rice production can be determined by the average yield method or the regression model method. Improving soil quality is critical to achieving the target yield in super hybrid rice production. Favorable crop rotations such as rice-oilseed rape and novel soil management practices, such as biochar addition, are effective approaches to improve soil quality. It is needed to develop simplified cultivation technologies for super hybrid rice to meet the changes in socioeconomic environments during the period of transition. There are such technologies as no-tillage direct seeding and mechanized transplanting at high hill density with single seedling per hill.     

香型软米恢复系文恢206选育与应用研究

以生产上广泛应用的恢复力强、配合力高的明恢63作母本,和云南优质软米水稻良种滇陇201作父本进行杂交,成功选育出有清香味、恢复力强、配合力高、抗病和适应性强的香型软米水稻恢复系文恢206。按照优优配、香香配的方法,以文恢206和香稻不育系宜香1A进行测配试验,成功选育出罕见的米质达到国标一级标准,种子、秧苗均有浓香味,米粒香味浓度远远超过其亲本,产量高,抗性强,适应性广,在蒸煮和食味品质达到"香、软、润"的香型软米杂交水稻新组合文富7号,并在全国许多地区进行试验示范,均表现出品质特优,产量较高特点。此外,讨论利用云南香型软米稻种资源创建品质优异杂交稻亲本和选育优质杂种稻的方法和途径,以及云南稻种资源香味基因遗传表现及其在育种中应用问题。     

Compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance under machine transplanting

To identify the major factors that contribute to the difference in lodging among different rice varieties under machine transplanting and their responses to nitrogen(N), field experiments were conducted at Danyang County(a representative eco-site of the Lower Yangtze River) in Jiangsu Province, China in 2017 and 2018, 22 hybrid indica varieties(HIs), 22 inbred japonica varieties(IJs) and two indica japonica hybrid varieties(IJHs) were transplanted by machine with three N rates(N0, N150 and N300, 0, 150 and 300 kg ha–1, respectively). Lodging-related physical parameters, morphological characteristics and apparent transport rates of dry matter were examined. Significant difference in yield was observed among different types of rice, and followed by IJsHIsIJHs. The average lodging index(LI) of hybrid varieties(HIs and IJHs) was higher than that of the inbred varieties(IJs) with higher plant height; moreover, lower apparent export rate of dry matter resulted lower LI in IJHs than in HIs. The HIs had a large difference in the LI, which came from the difference in bending stress(BS) induced by the difference in the apparent export rate of dry matter, varieties with lower leaf angle of upper three leaves possess strong lodging resistance capacity; however, the gap among the IJs was due to the difference in the cross section modulus(Z). The LI in the IJs or IJHs increased slightly with the increased N application, and there was no lodging incidence under the high N level, which was due to the low leaf angle and barely changed under high N; there was a significant interaction between varieties(HIs) and N rates in lodging rate and LI, varieties with lower leaf angle of upper three leaves were resistant to high N. These results suggest that compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance at machine-transplanting method.     

氮素对干旱地区甜高粱碳水化合物和理论乙醇产量的影响研究

利用新疆干旱地区4个甜高粱常用品种(杂交种早熟1号和醇甜2号,常规种丽欧和绿能3号)研究其在2个氮素水平下(N0∶0 kg/hm2 N和N150∶150 kg/hm2 N)全生育期不同碳水化合物含量和产量的变化规律,用以了解品种和氮肥对甜高梁碳水化合物产量的影响,并评估这4个品种在新疆干旱地区生产乙醇的潜力.研究结果表明,随着生育进程的推进,全株可溶性碳水化合物的含量和产量,纤维素、半纤维素的产量都呈现增加趋势,而全生育期半纤维素的含量较稳定.不同的甜高粱品种全株碳水化合物的含量和产量有显著差异,杂交种早熟1号和醇甜2号全株可溶性碳水化合物的产量显著(P＜0.05)高于常规种丽欧和绿能3号.品种间不同器官碳水化合物产量所占比重也不同,杂交种早熟1号和醇甜2号的可溶性碳水化合物主要分布在籽粒,而常规种丽欧和绿能3号的可溶性碳水化合物主要分布在茎.乙醇产量潜力分析表明,乙醇产量主要来源于可溶性碳水化合物;杂交种早熟1号和醇甜2号的总理论乙醇产量(分别为10 148和9 982 L/hm2)显著(P＜0.05)高于常规种丽欧和绿能3号的总理论乙醇产量(分别为9 017和8 728 L/hm2).氮肥的施用并不能显著(P＜0.001)增加甜高粱全株可溶性碳水化合物的产量,但能显著(P＜0.001)增加全株纤维素、半纤维素理论乙醇产量.     

粳稻脂肪含量对稻米品质的影响

【目的】探明脂肪含量对粳稻Oryza sativa Linn.subsp.japonica Kato品质的影响,为优质粳稻选育提供理论依据。【方法】选用12个粳稻材料,测定其脂肪含量、蛋白质含量、蒸煮食味品质以及加工品质,并进行相关性分析,评价粳稻脂肪含量与品质的关系。【结果】12个粳稻材料中D79和越光的脂肪含量和崩解值显著高于其余10个品种(P0.05),消减值显著低于其余10个品种(P0.05)。越光的食味值最高,为84.20;其次是D79,为82.70;二者与W140差异不显著(P0.05),但均显著高于其余9个品种(P0.05)。相关分析表明,粳稻脂肪含量与稻米加工品质、蛋白质含量均无显著相关(P0.05),但与直链淀粉含量呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与食味值、崩解值呈显著正相关(P0.05)。【结论】提高粳稻脂肪含量和降低直链淀粉含量有利于改良粳稻的蒸煮食味品质。     

Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with starch paste viscosity attributes by using double haploid populations of rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The paste viscosity attributes of starch, measured by rapid visco analyzer(RVA), are important factors for the evaluation of the cooking and eating qualities of rice in breeding programs. To determine the genetic roots of the paste viscosity attributes of rice grains, quantitative trait loci(QTLs) associated with the paste viscosity attributes were mapped, using a double haploid(DH) population derived from Zhongjiazao 17(YK17), a super rice variety, crossed with D50, a tropic japonica variety. Fifty-four QTLs, for seven parameters of the RVA profiles, were identified in three planting seasons. The 54 QTLs were located on all of the 12 chromosomes, with a single QTL explaining 5.99 to 47.11% of phenotypic variation. From the QTLs identified, four were repeatedly detected under three environmental conditions and the other four QTLs were repeated under two environments. Most of the QTLs detected for peak viscosity(PKV), trough viscosity(TV), cool paste viscosity(CPV), breakdown viscosity(BDV), setback viscosity(SBV), and peak time(PeT) were located in the interval of RM6775–RM3805 under all three environmental conditions, with the exception of pasting temperature(PaT). For digenic interactions, eight QTLs with six traits were identified for additive×environment interactions in all three planting environments.The epistatic interactions were estimated only for PKV, SBV and PaT. The present study will facilitate further understanding of the genetic architecture of eating and cooking quality(ECQ) in the rice quality improvement program.     

东北主要粳稻品种品质的若干性状

以东北地区55个水稻品种为试材,对稻米的碾磨品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质进行测定与分析,并做出聚类分析.结果表明:供试品种的整精米率偏低、垩白率偏高是制约东北稻米品质的主要因素.龙稻3的优质米达标率最高,6项重要指标达到了国家部颁优质米1级指标;长白9的碾磨品质最好;莎莎妮的垩白率和垩白度最小;龙稻3的蛋白质含量最低,成分分析仪显示的食味值高;沈稻1的品尝食味值最高.相关分析结果表明,整精米率与垩白率、胶稠度及蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,与食味仪测定的食味值极显著正相关.垩白率与直链淀粉含量及蛋白质含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与食味仪测定的食味值极显著负相关.聚类分析结果显示,辽宁省的水稻品种的品尝综合食味值较高,但垩白率偏高,整精米率偏低.