松乳菇凝集素分离及其性质的初步研究

将松乳菇菌丝体凝集素(LDL)粗提液与牛、驴及人O型血共3种红细胞悬液进行凝集反应以检测其凝集活性,进行糖抑制、温度、pH值及二价金属离子影响研究。结果表明:3种血红细胞松乳菇菌丝体凝集素粗提液均能凝集,其中对牛血红细胞凝集活力最强,为211;温度4~40℃,松乳菇菌丝体凝集素样品都具有活性,处于30℃左右温度时凝集素活力最强;松乳菇凝集素粗提液对碱的耐受性要比对酸的强;甘露糖醇对凝集素无抑制作用,其它4种糖(乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖)对凝集素均有部分抑制作用;供试Ca2+、Mg2+对凝集素无抑制作用。     

壶瓶枣和骏枣制干品质分析

<正>壶瓶枣和骏枣是山西省主要栽培枣品种,这2个品种枣果适宜鲜食和制干,我们分析了3种制干方法对干枣品质的影响,目的是指导当地枣制干生产。(1)采样从山西省榆次宏大枣园采摘壶瓶枣、骏枣,选出全红、大小适中枣果,并流水冲洗,自然沥干。分别采用自然晒干、50℃烘干、15℃阴干3种方法处理,观察每种枣的外观,褶皱的多少,品尝枣     

不同红枣品种中维生素C含量的测定及方法比较

采用2,4-二硝基苯肼比色法、碘量法、荧光法测定临县酸枣、临县牙枣、柳林木枣、交城骏枣、太谷壶瓶枣这5种枣果中维生素C的含量,结果表明:3种方法中无论采用哪种方法测定这5种枣,始终都是临县酸枣中维生素C含量最高,其余依次为太谷壶瓶枣、柳林木枣、临县牙枣和交城骏枣;用不同方法测定同种枣中维生素C含量时,临县牙枣用碘量法测得最高且为79.2 mg/kg,而测定其他枣时,均为2,4-二硝基苯肼比色法测定枣中维生素C含量最高,其次是碘量法,最后为荧光法.     

‘骏枣'枣头摘心试验

正枣头摘心可减少养分损失,促进木质化枣吊形成,利于开花坐果。但摘心位置不对,易导致枝条徒长,坐果率低。为了更好地掌握枣头摘心要点,充分发挥摘心的作用,2013年我们对‘骏枣’当年发出的枣头进行不同程度的摘心试验。1材料与方法试验选择在三十三团七连枣园进行。该园为2010年直播酸枣,2011年嫁接‘骏枣’。试验设6个处理,即对骏枣当年发出的枣头进行1叶摘心、2叶摘心、3叶摘心、4叶摘心、5叶摘心,以不摘心为对照。     

河南省新郑市枣树研究所

本所专业从事枣树科研生产,已有长达二十八年的历史。本所长年为您提供以下良种枣苗:制干类有灰枣、八月鲜、九月红、鸡心枣、大枣王、金丝大枣、金丝4号、金丝6号、壶瓶枣、无核枣、马枣;鲜食类有冬枣、雪枣、梨枣、鸡蛋枣、芒果枣、骏枣、晋枣;观赏品种有龙须枣、胎里红、葫芦枣、辣椒枣、茶壶枣、磨盘枣、羊奶枣、婆婆枣等,均为全国名特优品种,并可供125个枣品种接穗。价格优惠,欢迎前来联系订购洽谈合作。     

枣裂果机理的初步研究

对壶瓶枣、黑叶枣和郎枣裂果及其果实的生理、机械力学性质和解剖结构进行观察测定,结果表明:三个品种裂果发生从白熟期开始,而后,随着果实的成熟,裂果敏感性增加.这与枣果实的可溶性糖含量增加、水势下降、果皮韧性降低有关.壶瓶枣最易裂果,其次是黑叶枣,再次是郎枣,三个品种在同一时期裂果敏感性的差异与它们的果肉弹性、可塑性有关,与它们之间的水势、可溶性糖含量以及 K、Ca、Mg 含量无关.容易发生裂果的壶瓶枣和黑叶枣果皮角质层比不易裂的郎枣薄,其厚度依次为:6.81μm、6.41μm、8.28μm.     

枣树病害与栽培管理的关系

近年来,新疆南疆的枣树病害日趋严重,主要有黑斑病、炭疽病、黄叶病和缩果病等,轻者使枣质量下降,严重者枣园绝产,成为枣树生产发展的极大障碍.为更好地防治病害,2011年5～8月,笔者对新疆阿拉尔垦区的枣树病害进行了实地调查,分析了枣树病害发生与栽培管理的关系,提出了防治对策. 1 枣树病害与栽培管理的关系 调查发现不同枣品种的抗病力有差异,‘灰枣’、‘鸡心枣’等小枣类品种较抗黑斑病和炭疽病,‘骏枣’、‘金昌’、‘壶瓶枣’等大枣类品种对黑斑病和炭疽病较敏感.如‘灰枣’园和‘骏枣’园两园间只隔一条田埂,‘灰枣’无黑斑病而‘骏枣’非常严重.     

新疆南疆矮化密植枣园三种红枣病害发生规律及其影响因素研究

以新疆南疆矮化密植枣园中发生的枣缩果病、枣果黑斑病和枣叶斑病为研究对象,采用普查和定时、定点调查的方法,研究不同间作模式、不同品种对3种病害发生为害的影响以及3种病害在田间的消长规律。结果表明:枣缩果病从7月中旬开始发生,到8月中下旬达到发病高峰,随后随着枣果的成熟,病害逐渐减轻;枣果黑斑病在8月下旬开始发生,随后不断加重;枣叶斑病在5月上旬开始发生,随着叶片的不断长大,病害逐渐加重。枣棉间作和枣辣椒间作均会加重3种病害的发生,不同品种中,"灰枣"的缩果病、枣果黑斑病发生最轻,"骏枣"次之,而"赞皇大枣"发病最重,"赞皇大枣"叶斑病发生最轻,"灰枣"次之,而"骏枣"发生最重。     

水氮耦合滴灌对沙地骏枣产量和品质的影响

本试验以6年生树龄骏枣为研究对象,通过在滴灌条件下水氮耦合处理,研究水分与氮肥的不同配比对新疆南疆沙地骏枣产量和品质的影响。结果表明:不同水氮耦合处理对骏枣果实产量及可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量的影响不同。水、氮两因素对红枣产量的作用顺序为:施氮量灌水量。在灌水量适中,适当增加氮肥的量可以提高骏枣果实单果重和产量。在南疆沙地滴灌条件下,灌水量控制在500m~3/667m~2,氮肥施入量33kg/667m~2时能显著提高骏枣产量和品质。     

应用防裂果剂防壶瓶枣裂果试验

以易裂果的壶瓶枣为研究对象,对自行研制的枣防裂果剂进行了初步试验,结果表明,该防裂果剂对防治壶瓶枣裂果有明显效果,在不同立地条件下,可相对降低裂果率34.5%~80.0%。     

Activation of NF-κB in rat vascular smooth muscle cells by autoantibodies against α1-adrenergic receptor from hypertensive patients

AIM：To study the effects of autoantibodies against α1-adrenergic receptor (α1-AAs) isolated from the hypertensive patients, which showed the agonist-like activity similar to norepinephrine, on the signal mechanism of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from rat thoracic aorta. METHODS：Rat VSMCs were cultured and identified. The serum of hypertensive patients was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. The autoantibodies were detected by ELISA and used to activate the cells with the titer of 1∶80. The total protein was extracted and the expression of NF-κB in different treatment groups was detected by Western blotting. Meanwhile, the activation of NF-κB in the nucleus was analyzed by immunofluorescence method. RESULTS：The expression of NF-κB in VSMCs was obviously higher in α1-AAs group than that in control group. Meanwhile, the expression of NF-κB was inhibited by prasozin and PDTC. The autoantibodies caused a significant increase in NF-κB expression in the nucleus. The fluorescence intensity in α1-AAs group was high than that in control group and α1-AAs+prasozin group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:The α1-AAs from hypertensive patients increase NF-κB expression in rat VSMCs.     

Effect of harvest date and applied ABA on polyphenol oxidase levels in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit

Summary

‘Fuerte’ avocado fruits from five harvest dates, which spanned the normal packing season, were infused with different amounts of ABA from zero to 550 ng per gram fresh mass of fruit. After ripening at 21°C, the fruits were analysed for PPO activity and residual ABA. Both ABA and harvest date affected PPO activity, with the greater effect being time of harvest. The later the harvest date and the higher the level of infused ABA, the greater was the effect on PPO activity. Early in the season the infused ABA had no effect upon PPO activity. This study has shown that ‘Fuerte’ fruit with the best potential for long distance transport are those harvested soon after minimum legal maturity. If fruits must be hung (tree stored) after maturity, they should be stressed as little as possible.     

X-ray Imaging of Stored Dates to Detect Infestation by Saw-Toothed Beetles

The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of X-ray imaging in detecting internal infestations caused by the saw-toothed beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.) in stored dates. Un-infested and infested dates were x-rayed for different life stages (egg, larvae, pupae, and adult) of O. surinamensis. An algorithm was developed to extract 44 features from the X-ray images. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to discriminate the un-infested and infested dates using extracted features. Overall accuracy of X-ray imaging system was 80% for un-infested and beetle-infested dates. X-ray imaging system yielded around 97% accuracy in detecting internal infestation of dates with an adult beetle while using a pairwise classification method. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of moisture content and hardness of dates in the discrimination between the un-infested and infested dates.     

霜霉病菌侵染的黄瓜叶片cDNA文库的构建及抗病相关基因筛选

以接种黄瓜霜霉病菌的抗病黄瓜品种‘649’的叶片为材料,使用改良SDS法提取总RNA,构建黄瓜叶片全长cDNA文库,得到的原始文库滴度为5.5 × 106 pfu • mL-1,扩增后的文库滴度达6.5 × 109 pfu • mL-1,重组率约为99%,插入片段在0.5 ~ 2.0 kb之间,大多在1.0 kb左右。随机选取3 360个克隆进行测序,共拼接出2 507个unigenes,其中包括211个重叠群（Contigs）和2 296个单拷贝EST（Singlets）。生物信息学分析显示：这些unigenes中存在427条与植物防御/抗病相关的基因,其中包括两类抗病基因和细胞程序性死亡相关基因,这些基因的发现为下一步研究黄瓜抗病机理,克隆抗霜霉病相关基因提供了重要的参考。     

植物性提取剂对松材线虫活性影响测定

为筛选具杀线虫活性的植物材料,测定了油茶籽饼等8种植物的甲醇或水粗提物对离体松材线虫的毒杀效果,并对接种后的马尾松进行防效试验。结果表明:8种植物的14种提取物对离体松材线虫均具有一定的抑制作用。其中油茶籽饼和雷公藤叶的水提取液(50 mg/mL)对离体松材线虫48 h后的活性抑制作用均达到100%。用10 mg/mL油茶籽饼和20 mg/mL雷公藤叶水提取液浸泡处理24 h,可以完全杀死马尾松苗离体茎段中接种的松材线虫。盆栽防效试验结果表明,油茶籽饼和雷公藤叶水提取液(50 mg/mL)浇灌2 a生马尾松苗后,可以有效抑制寄主马尾松中接种的松材线虫活性,特别是油茶籽饼效果最好。     

NK cells from donor liver inhibit NF-κB activity and IL-15 expression after liver transplantation in rats

AIM:To investigate the mechanism that donor liver natural killer (NK) cells alleviate acute rejection after liver transplantation by observing the secretion level of interleukin 15 (IL-15) in peripheral blood, the protein expression of IL-15 in transplanted liver tissues and the activity of NF-κB in spleen tissues in rat acute liver graft rejection model. METHODS:An acute rejection model of liver transplantation in rats was established by the modified two-cuff method, in which Lewis rats were used as donors and BN rats as recipients. The donor leukocytes were depleted by whole body irradiation of ［60Co］ source and the donor liver immunity was reconstituted by transfusion of liver NK cells from the same type of donor (donor type liver NK cells, dtlNKs) via portal vein immediately after grafting the irradiated liver. The rats were divided into the following groups: group A, acute rejection group; group B, BN rats receiving the liver of Lewis rats with ［60Co］ irradiation; group C, BN rats receiving the liver of ［60Co］-irradiated Lewis rats and treated with dtlNKs via the portal vein. The recipients were sacrificed at 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after transplantation. IL-15 level in peripheral blood was detected by ELISA. The expression of IL-15 in the liver grafts was determined by Western blotting. NF-κB activity in the spleen tissues of recipient rats was identified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The survival quality and living time in crude survival subgroup were observed. RESULTS:Acute rejection in group B was severer than that in group A and group C. The rats in group B showed significantly shorter average survival time compared with group A and group C. At 3 d and 7 d after transplantation, the IL-15 content in peripheral blood was significantly higher in group B than that in group A and group C. The expression of IL-15 in transplanted liver tissues was significantly higher in group B than that in group A and group C. The activity of NF-κB in the spleen tissues was higher in group B. CONCLUSION: IL-15 might be a significant indicator for monitoring acute rejection after liver transplantation. The donor liver NK cells modulate the immunity of liver transplantation by inhibiting the expression of IL-15 via the suppression of NF-κB activity.     

Effect of low temperatures during flowering on floral cycle and pollen tube growth in nine avocado cultivars

The floral response of the type A avocado cultivars ‘Reed’, ‘Wurtz’, ‘Rincon’ and ‘Jalna’, and the type B cultivars ‘Bacon’, ‘Ryan’, ‘Edranol’, ‘Sharwil’ and ‘Hazzard’ was tested under growth-cabinet conditions of 17° C day, 12° C night, with a 12-h photoperiod and photon flux density of 400 μE m^?2 s^?1 (400–700 nm). Most of the flowers of all type A cultivars and the type B cultivar ‘Bacon’ had both a female and a male stage. None of the flowers of the other type B cultivars had a female stage but opened in the male stage only. Hand pollination resulted in some ovule penetration in the cultivars with female stage flowers. In those with only male-stage flowers, the pollen tubes grew no further than the style. Maintenance of fertility under low-temperature conditions during flowering appeared to be partly, but not entirely, linked to the type A flowering cycle.     

Effects of benazepril on cardiac function,free oxygen radicals,sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase following cardiac ischemia-reperfusion in spontaneously hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), benazepril (B), on cardiac function , free oxygen radicals, sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) Ca²⁺-ATPase following ischemia-reperfusion in sportaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS: Thirty 10-week-old female SHRs were randomly assigned into two groups: group SHR was control; The animal in group SHR+B was given with 10 mg/kg of benazepril per day. Another 15 Wistar rats with the same age and sex were normal control (group Wistar). After 12 weeks of pretreatment, all rats in each group were subjected to 30 min of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion and 30 min of reperfusion. Hemodynamic parameters, left heart-to-body weight ratio (LVW/BW), myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity were measured. RESULTS: Compared to group Wistar, the rats in group SHR had higher blood pressure, LVW/BW and myocardial MDA concentration, more serious left cardiac function injury and lower myocardial SOD activity and SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity; group SHR+B had lower myocardial MDA concentration, higher myocardial SOD activity, but no difference in blood pressure, LVW/BW, the degree of left cardiac function injury and myocardial SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity. CONCLUSION: Benazepril can attenuate ischemia-reperfusion-induced cardiac function injury by regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), improving SR Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and decreasing oxygen free radicals injury in SHRs.