茄子杂种一代制种技术

茄子杂种一代制种技术实践证明，开展茄子杂种一代优势利用效果良好，经济效益显著，前景十分广阔。但如何提高茄子杂种一代制作产量呢？茄子杂交制种应在保护地条件下进行，单株上应对茄留２个，四门斗留１个杂交果，每天适宜的授粉时间为上午８小时以后。杂交授粉要在母...     

京郊风味甜瓜整枝留果方式探索试验

为提高风味甜瓜的产量,以 "帅果7号"为试验材料,采用随机区组试验方法,设置单蔓整枝留1果、单蔓整枝留2果、双蔓整枝留2果3个处理,研究不同整枝及留果方式对风味甜瓜生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:风味甜瓜单蔓整枝留1果和双蔓整枝留2果效果均佳,果实大小适中,果形周正,果实含糖量以单蔓整枝留1果处理最佳,667 m²产量以双蔓整枝留2果为最佳,种植者可依据销售对象等具体情况选择适当的栽培方式。     

茄子重复授粉杂交制种技术研究

以"哈茄2018"的父、母本为试验材料,研究重复授粉对茄子坐果率、杂交制种的种子产量及质量的影响。结果表明:重复授粉能够显著提高杂交制种的产量和坐果率,但对种子的千粒重无显著影响。     

四季青公社蔬菜种子管理和采种技术规程

一、种子管理制度 为了保证种子纯度,实行一包四统一的合同制,即: 一包:各菜队用种田由公社包,采用合同制。 四统一:公社统一制定制种计划,分站繁殖;统一定点采种,合理布局;统一贮存保管,定期检验;统一凭证供应,调剂平衡。 二、蔬菜果种技术规程 (一)采收果实要求: 1.番茄:除特瑞皮克品种留三穗果外,其它品种均只留两穗果,杂交制种留三德果,每穗果最多不超过4—5个。 2.甜椒:“四门斗”以下留种,杂交制种“对椒”或“四门斗”留种。 3.茄子:一般品种门茄留种,徐州长茄,北京长茹“对茄”留种,杂交制种留“门茄”或留“对茄” 4.黄瓜:腰瓜以下…     

不同整枝方式对温室甜椒干物质生产与分配及产量波动的影响

观察温室甜椒在每平方米８ 个茎枝条件下，３ 种不同整枝方式对其干物质生产分配规律及对产量波动的影响，结果表明：甜椒单干整枝（Ｔ１） 比不同双干整枝（ 两枝留果与一枝留果） 的叶面指数、单位面积生物量和产量显著增高，单位面积果实中干物质分配比例也明显提高。双干整枝双枝留果处理（Ｔ２） 与单干整枝干物质分配规律基本相同，而双干整枝若限制一枝坐果（Ｔ３） ，植株总干物质量不受疏去一枝花的影响，但其干物质分配到营养器官的比例相对增大，单位面积产量明显降低。不同处理对甜椒产量波动规律影响不大。     

肥料、密度、整枝及土壤水分对‘海蜜5号’厚皮甜瓜制种产量和质量的影响

为了提高‘海蜜5号’厚皮甜瓜的制种产量和质量,通过肥料、密度、整枝及土壤水分的正交试验,明确其对甜瓜制种产量、质量的影响。结果表明,‘海蜜5号’厚皮甜瓜制种田不需要增施钾肥,适当增施钙肥;667 m2合理密度为2 200株;整枝摘心不能过早,一般在23节左右,留果节位为第9¹3节;膨果期适当增加土壤含水量,土壤相对含水量70%13节;膨果期适当增加土壤含水量,土壤相对含水量70%⁸0%为好。在合理密植、适当肥力和有效整枝的情况下,‘海蜜5号’制种产量和质量将达到最佳。     

京郊网纹甜瓜不同整枝及留果方式比较试验

以北农11号网纹甜瓜为试验品种,研究不同整枝及留果方式对网纹甜瓜生长、产量、品质和商品率的影响。试验结果表明,北农11号单蔓整枝留1果和双蔓整枝留2果效果均佳,网纹漂亮,果实大小适中,果形正;果实甜度以单蔓整枝留1果处理最佳,667 m~2产量以双蔓整枝留2果为最佳,种植者可依据销售对象选择适当的栽培方式。     

不同管理方式对哈密瓜生育周期及产量品质的影响

以小型哈密瓜品种‘HM5’为试材,采用随机区组试验方法,设置4个处理分别为单蔓整枝留1果套袋、单蔓整枝留1果不套袋、双蔓整枝留2果套袋、双蔓整枝留2果不套袋。研究了不同整枝留果方式及是否套袋对网纹甜瓜生长、产量、品质和商品率的影响。结果表明:该类型网纹甜瓜单蔓整枝留1果处理生育期短、产量高;同时套袋处理果实网纹外观性好,果实大小适中,果肉含糖量高。因此,以单蔓整枝留1果套袋的管理方式为最佳。     

苏蜜一号西瓜不同整枝方式对产量的影响

目前对西瓜栽培技术的研究有许多总结报道。但就其整枝方式和留果数的确定而言,定量性报道却很少见。为此,我们对这两方面进行了初步探索和研究。结果表明:不同的整枝方式和座果数对西瓜产量有着显著的影响,三蔓式整枝比其他整枝方式增产15%以上,而三蔓式留两果的比其他留果形式增产20%以上。三蔓式整枝留座两个果具有主侧蔓生长势强,叶面积大,成熟期早,单果重高等特     

小果型西瓜大棚栽培不同整枝留果方式效应比较

为了明确小西瓜不同整枝留果方式的生产效应和应用价值,在瓜蔓密度相同条件下进行了6种不同留蔓留果方式效应比较试验。结果表明,不同整枝留果方式对单果质量、产量、商品果率有一定影响,对果实品质无明显影响。单果质量大小主要决定于叶果比大小,产量高低主要取决于单位面积结果数的多少;双蔓双果与3蔓双果方式的综合生产效果最好;不同方式各有特点,生产者可根据需求进行选择。     

不同处理方式对辣椒制种产量和质量的影响初探

通过喷施不同叶面肥处理和遮阴处理对辣椒制种坐果率、单果种子数、千粒质量和产量的影响研究表明,B和N元素联用时可使杂交种子的产量增加12.44%,遮阴对提高杂交种子产量具有显著效果。     

辣椒雄性不育制种优势研究初报

利用辣椒雄性不育制种方式相比常规制种优势明显,即单位面积可以提高工效57．6％,杂交座果率、单株挂果数、单果种子数和种子千粒重均增加,制种产量增加30．2％,制种成本降低46．9％。     

Pruning Trials With Worcester Pearmain Apple

Three pruning treatments were compared on Worcester Pearmain on M.IV rootstock, viz.: open-centre tree, established-spur pruned; delayed open-centre tree, established-spur pruned; regulated pruned tree. In the fifteenth year secondary treatments were begun, the trees being pruned either annually or in alternate years, with and without fruit thinning by hand. The trees were grubbed after 21 years and scion weights were obtained.

There were no important differences in growth and cropping between open-centre and delayed open-centre trees. Regulated trees had an 11% smaller area of branch spread than established-spur pruned trees at 21 years. At 15 years there was no significant difference between treatments in total weight of prunings, but three times as much old wood as new had been removed from regulated trees compared with two and a half times as much new wood as old from established-spur pruned trees. During a 6-year period, the same weight of wood was removed from alternate-year pruned trees as from those pruned annually.

During the first 10 years regulated trees yielded twice as much fruit as did established-spur pruned ones, and 49% more during the second 10-year period. In many years, in the absence of fruit thinning, regulated trees bore smaller fruits than did established-spur pruned trees. Regulated trees had more red colour on the fruits than established-spur pruned trees, and alternate-year pruning, whether regulated or established-spur, gave more red colour on the fruits than did annual pruning, especially in seasons following no pruning. Alternate-year pruning had no harmful effect upon fruit size. Fruit thinning had no important effect upon red colour but it increased the percentage crop weight in the larger size grades, especially on established-spur pruned trees. The regulated method is well suited to the growth habit of Worcester provided that the fruit is thinned by hand or chemical spray in years of heavy setting.

The relative ratios between total crop : scion weight and crop 15–21 years : scion weight, were similar; scion weights were twice as heavy as weights of prunings.     

辣椒种子分布规律及其应用

在一定范围内，随着外界温度的升高，辣椒结果剖位的上移，单果结籽数和分层结籽数明显增加，主枝结籽大大超过侧枝结籽。基部疏除蕾不会显著影响种子产量。生产上可以适当延迟定植，提高栽培密度，选择适当的坐果部位，以降低成本，提高效益。     

Greenhouse tomato limited cluster production systems: crop management practices affect yield

Limited-cluster production systems may be a useful strategy to increase crop production and profitability for the greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). In this study, using an ebb-and-flood hydroponics system, we modified plant architecture and spacing and determined the effects on fruit yield and harvest index at two light levels. Single-cluster plants pruned to allow two leaves above the cluster had 25% higher fruit yields than did plants pruned directly above the cluster; this was due to an increase in fruit weight, not fruit number. Both fruit yield and harvest index were greater for all single-cluster plants at the higher light level because of increases in both fruit weight and fruit number. Fruit yield for two-cluster plants was 30% to 40% higher than for single-cluster plants, and there was little difference in the dates or length of the harvest period. Fruit yield for three-cluster plants was not significantly different from that of two-cluster plants; moreover, the harvest period was delayed by 5 days. Plant density (5.5, 7.4, 9.2 plants/m2) affected fruit yield/plant, but not fruit yield/unit area. Given the higher costs for materials and labor associated with higher plant densities, a two-cluster crop at 5.5 plants/m2 with two leaves above the cluster was the best of the production system strategies tested.     

单株留芽量及结果母枝剪留长度对猕猴桃结果性能的影响

对栽植株行距3m×4m的美味猕猴桃秦美品种连续进行了3年试验,单株分别剪留250、300、350、400个芽处理后,平均单株新梢数、叶面积指数、落叶率与留芽数量呈正相关,叶幕下层的光强度、净光合率与留芽数量呈负相关;单株果枝数、果实数及单位面积产量均以留400芽处理最高,但平均单果重最小,88g以上的优质果产量最低。综合评价以单株剪留350个有效芽的效果最佳,优级果产量达到2102.7kg/666.7m2。结果母枝分别剪留7、12、17个有效芽处理后,平均每母枝的结果枝数、果实数、产量与留芽数量呈正相关,均以17芽处理最高,分别达到9.5个、30.4个和3.09kg,各处理间的单果重差异不显著。     

An Experiment in Pruning Cox’s Orange Pippin Apple Trees in Alternate Years

Five pruning treatments were compared on Cox’s Orange Pippin on M.II rootstock, viz.

1. Open-centre tree, established-spur pruned

2. Open-centre tree, renewal-pruned

3. Delayed open-centre tree, established-spur pruned

4. Delayed open-centre tree, renewal-pruned

5. Regulated-pruned tree.

At 15 years, secondary pruning treatments were begun and carried on for a further 7-year period, the trees being pruned by the same methods but either annually or in alternate years. Differences in growth and cropping between trees pruned to open-centre and delayed open-centre shapes were small, but open-centre trees cropped more heavily than did delayed open-centre trees when renewal-pruned, probably on account of their greater branch spread. The method used in pruning the laterals had an effect upon cropping during the first 10 years. At the end of the trial there was no effect of either primary or secondary treatments upon trunk girth, neither was there a significant difference in girth increment between the secondary treatments. Almost the same amount of wood was removed from trees pruned in alternate years as from those pruned annually, but a greater proportion of old to new wood was removed from trees pruned in alternate years. Pruning in alternate years increased the cropping of established-spur pruned trees but not with regulated or renewal-pruned trees. There was no consistently adverse effect upon fruit size but, when a year of heavy setting followed a winter when the trees were left unpruned, fruit size was reduced and early fruit thinning would have been necessary to lessen the proportion of fruit in the two smallest size grades. With this variety fruit colour was unaffected by pruning in alternate years.     

冬季修剪对石榴观花赏果的影响

采用冬季粗放修剪、细致修剪和不修剪3种处理,对翌年石榴挂花量、挂果量的影响进行试验研究。结果表明:采用冬季粗放修剪,可提高挂花量;采用冬季细致修剪,可提高挂果量。建议在攀西地区园林绿化中,以观花为主的石榴,宜采用冬季粗放修剪,提高观花效果;以观果为主的石榴,宜采用冬季细致修剪,提高赏果效果。     

整枝方式对日光温室甜椒（彩色）光合特性及干物质分配的影响

研究了不同整枝方式下（双干整枝、三干整枝、四干整枝），日光温室彩色甜椒不同叶位叶片光合、蒸腾作用参数的变化及 其植株不同器官干物质的分配规律。结果表明，3种整枝方式下，叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、气孔限制值（Ls）、蒸 腾速率（Tr）和单叶水分利用效率（WUE）随叶位的降低而下降，其中Pn的下降是非气孔限制的结果。与双干整枝相应叶位比较，三 干整枝、四干整枝的上位叶、中位叶具有较高的Tr和较低的WUE；三干整枝、四干整枝的下位叶的Tr小于双干整枝下位叶，但WUE高于 双干整枝。3种整枝方式下全株中果实的干物质分配比例均为最高，达50.88 %~60.26 %，其次为茎和叶，向根的分配比例最低。三干 整枝和四干整枝的单株产量和单果质量显著高于双干整枝。     

基于多元统计法的枣胚败育影响因素研究

为揭示果实外观发育与枣果胚败育的关系,对87个枣品种花期、坐果时间、前期坐果率、不同发育时期的果实纵横径、果形指数、果实含仁率等15个指标进行了调查,并进行了主成分聚类分析,然后将直接反映胚败育的果实含仁率(3个指标)与其余12个指标进行了典型相关分析。结果表明,将15个指标用7个主成分(果实生长速度、大果果实生长特性、中果果实生长特性、花期、小果果实生长特性、中果含仁率、小果含仁率)来表示,累计贡献率高达85.67%(≥85%);利用上述7个主成分对87个品种进行聚类分析,综合SPRSQ、CCC、PSF、PST2 4个统计变量可将87个品种分为3类,分别为果实快速发育型、中间型、慢速发育型。相关分析表明,大果含仁率可作为枣胚败育的主要衡量指标,而大果果实的前期坐果速度和果实形状与其含仁率高度相关。