二月兰对百里杜鹃国家公园主景区观花效果的影响

以百里杜鹃景区当地主要优势杜鹃品种和二月兰为试材,在金坡和普底2个主要景区的主要观赏道路沿线进行布置选点,并分A(主要优势杜鹃+二月兰)、B(仅有优势杜鹃)、C(仅有二月兰)3种不同配置方式进行对照播种试验,通过对2个景区3种配置方式标准样地在种植二月兰前后主要优势杜鹃及二月兰各自的开花周期、平均总开花量及种植密度等数据统计与分析;样地空间层次结构变化分析和评价等,研究了种植二月兰及采取不同配置方式对百里杜鹃金坡、普底2个主景区的观花效果产生的影响。结果表明:种植二月兰在延长公园景观观赏时间、增加景观空间层次结构、丰富景观观赏效果方面具有积极作用;种植二月兰为这种良好的景观可延续提供了保障。同时根据黄金比理论和景观协调性,从景观观赏效果出发,给出了种植二月兰最佳平均配置密度建议:普底景区和金坡景区A配置标准样地二月兰最佳平均配置密度分别为6.9株/m2和9.1株/m2;普底景区和金坡景区C配置样地二月兰最佳平均配置密度分别为17.63株/m2和17.12株/m2。     

不同种植密度对桂蔬新1号黑皮冬瓜杂交制种产量和质量的影响

以桂蔬新1号黑皮冬瓜亲本为材料,进行了母本不同种植密度制种比较试验。试验结果表明,2种种植密度下母本的第1雌花开花期、授粉期及种瓜成熟期一致;1.0 m2/株处理的种瓜平均单瓜质量、果实纵径、果形指数分别比0.9 m2/株处理的高24.37%、13.95%和9.09%,均达到极显著差异;1.0 m2/株处理的种瓜果实横径比0.9 m2/株处理的高2.59%,差异不显著;1.0 m2/株处理的田间实际得瓜数比0.9 m2/株处理低4.40%,田间授粉得瓜数比0.9 m2/株处理高0.39%,差异均不显著,但田间授粉率显著高于0.9 m2/株处理;1.0 m2/株处理获得的杂交种子平均单瓜产籽量和小区产籽量分别比0.9 m2/株处理高3.46%、4.55%,但差异均不显著;1.0 m2/株处理获得的杂交种子的百粒质量略低于0.9 m2/株处理,发芽势和发芽率均略高于0.9 m2/株处理,差异均不显著。因此,在广西建议桂蔬新1号制种密度以1.0 m2/株为宜。     

昆明市官渡区公共绿地景观评价与分析

以昆明市官渡区公共绿地为调查对象,采用群落学的调查方法对20个样地进行物种组成和群落结构调查;运用层次分析法(AHP)评价园林植物群落景观。结果有:(1)官渡区共有乔木54种,灌木25种,草本12种,隶属于55科,75属;出现频率较高的物种为香樟、滇朴、樱花、小叶榕、桂花、杜鹃、红花檵木、鹅掌柴、非洲茉莉、马蹄金、肾蕨三叶草;(2)园林植物群落植株密度为0.06~5.32株/m²;植株覆盖度0.23~0.62;植株间距在0.2~0.5m的占总样方的60%。(3) 45%的群落具有较好的乔灌草比例,能够形成较好的立体复层效果;(4)20个样方中,景观评价值在0.61~0.74的有3个,占评价群落的15%,0.42~0.58的有15个占75%,0.34~0.38的有2个占10%。     

早熟梨不同整形方式研究

通过开展不同整形方式研究,结果表明:梨幼树不同树形对侧枝生长、树冠形成的影响不同,因此在开花结果早晚、前期产量、效益方面差异较大。以折叠式扇形和Y字形整形提高早期产量效果最为显著。在每667m2栽植110株左右的密度情况下,常常采用折叠式扇形的树形;在栽植密度大于110株/667m2的情况下,采用Y字形树形;栽植密度小于40株/667m2以下的早熟梨采用疏散分层形的树形。根据不同整形方式的方差分析,得出丰产树形结构指标:在栽培密度110株/667m2的条件下,‘翠冠’梨产量控制在3000～4000kg/667m2,枝量30000～40000枝/667m2,一般每20～25cm着生1个结果枝,叶面积系数2.5～3.2,果距保持20～25cm,留果量12000～16000个/667m2,叶果比25～30:1,枝果比2～2.5:1,中短果枝占85%～90%,单株负荷27.5～37.5kg。     

沙棘苗圃除革剂药效试验

在沙棘苗圃中使用10%草甘膦水剂、20%盖草能乳油、20%百草枯水剂进行化学除草试验.结果表明：3种除草剂都对沙棘幼苗安全,草甘膦和百草枯除草效果均达90%以上,草甘膦的除草效果和持效期要优于百草枯;草甘膦以150g/667m2加水40kg、百草枯以100g/667m2加水40kg使用效果最佳;盖草能对苗圃中禾本科杂草防效良好,但对阔叶杂草无效.     

基于SBE法的天津常绿园林植物景观评价研究

选取天津市区和滨海新区的主要公园和集中街景绿地,对常绿园林植物景观进行调查并摄取相关照片,采用心理物理学评判(SBE)美景度评价法对常绿园林植物冬季、夏季景观进行评价,以期为北方地区常绿园林植物的景观配置提供参考。结果表明:影响夏季常绿园林植物景观的主要因子为植物观赏色彩数量、颜色对比度、常绿植物树形种类、常绿落叶比等;影响冬季常绿园林植物景观的主要因子为常绿落叶比、园路景石等人工设施、常绿植物树形种类、植物生长状况等。     

燕山北部避温栽培马铃薯种植密度初探

以马铃薯‘荷兰15’原种一级为试验种植材料,探讨6种种植密度对马铃薯‘荷兰15’块茎产量与商品薯产量的影响。结果表明,种植密度为5 290株/667 m2的块茎产量与商品薯产量最高,每667 m2分别为2 858.4 kg和2 581.4 kg。其中,5 290株/667 m2的块茎产量极显著高于密度3 180、3 530、3 970株/667 m2,显著高于密度4 540株/667 m2,与6 350株/667 m2的块茎产量差异不显著;商品薯产量极显著高于密度3 180、3 530株/667 m2,显著高于密度3 970/667 m2,与4 540、6 350株/667 m2的商品薯产量差异不显著;每667 m2纯收入经济效益最高,为1 466.5元,比3 180、3 530、3 970、4 540和6 350株/667 m2分别增效549.6、354.3、266、166.5和278.6元。综合考虑,马铃薯‘荷兰15’的适宜种植密度为5 290株/667 m2,该密度的块茎产量与商品薯产量及经济效益均最高。     

南昌城市道路绿地植物景观调查与分析

对南昌市31条交通要道、8座立交桥和2个交通岛绿地植物景观进行了现场实地调研,调查绿化植物种类、分析其植物配置及植物多样性。结果表明:道路绿地主要应用的植物有132种、60科101属,其中乔木56种,灌木48种,草本28种;出现频度较高的7种乔灌木的顺序依次为香樟(82.93%)红花檵木(73.17%)海桐(60.98%)杜鹃、红叶石楠、桂花、杜英(均为48.78%);常绿∶落叶树种配比为1.21∶1,数量配比为28.4∶1;乔木与灌木种类配比为1.17∶1,数量配比1∶17.5;常绿矮小灌木数量应用较多;观花和观叶植物种类较为丰富,占总数的76%;综合考虑低碳、生态、文化古城、山水城市的南昌地域特色,建议南昌城市道路绿地建设应进一步增加植物种类品种、提高植物景观设计水平及加强绿地养护管理力度。     

唐山工业职业技术学院校园木本植物组成调查分析

为了解唐山工业职业技术学院校园木本植物组成情况，对此进行了调查分析。截至目前，校园主要木本植物有9085株，隶属于26科49属71种。其中，乔木有40种5815株，常绿乔灌木有8种767株，夏季赏花植物7种533株，秋季赏叶植物9种917株，秋季观果植物8种1372株，彩叶乔灌木有9种657株。为进一步提高校园景观效果，学院在今后的绿化工作中需要加大外来植物引种力度，增加木本植物多样性，重视常绿树种、夏季赏花树种、秋季赏叶树种和彩叶树种引种；结合自身特点营造景观，增加季相景观营造，丰富造景形式，充实景观文化内涵。     

离地栽培高密度移栽对马铃薯脱毒苗生长及原原种产量的影响

探讨了离地栽培模式下马铃薯脱毒苗高密度栽培对农艺性状和原原种产量的影响。结果表明:随着脱毒苗栽培密度的增加,株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、叶面积指数逐渐减小;当密度增至300株/m²时,株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量开始下降,说明在一定范围内增加栽培密度有利于马铃薯脱毒苗生长。当密度为300株/m²和260株/m²时,合格薯(单薯质量3～5 g)占比较大,分别为53.59%和41.8%,说明提高栽培密度能够增加合格薯比例。当密度为180株/m²时,单株有效结薯数最多,为1.8粒/株;当密度为300株/m²时,总产量最高,为489粒/m²;当密度为260株/m²时,有效结薯数最多,为390.3粒/m²。生产上建议采用260株/m²的移栽密度。     

北方民族大学校园园林植物配置及其应用

论述了北方民族大学校园园林植物的种类组成和在园林绿化中的应用.结果表明:该校现有园林植物63种,隶属于29科,44属;乔木、灌木和草本植物分别有40种、17种和6种,乔/灌(含草本)比为1∶0.57;常绿植物9种,落叶植物54种,分别占总数的14.3%和85.7%;乡土种36种,引进种27种,分别占总数的57.1%和42.9%.分析了校园绿化工作中存在的问题,并提出了改进建议.     

昆明市道路绿化植物资源调查研究

对昆明市街道的主要绿化植物资源进行了调查分析,并整理出植物名录。结果表明:总计有53科82属107种。其中从生活型来看,乔木有52种,占48.6%;灌木29种,占27.1%;草本13种,占12.1%;藤本8种,占7.5%;竹子5种,占4.7%。综合分析了当地街道绿化植物在城市绿化中的应用与配置进行了分析和讨论,为今后昆明市道路绿化设计中合理选择、利用绿化植物提供参考。     

地被植物在廊坊市园林绿化中的应用

介绍了廊坊市地被植物的新优品种、配置方式,讨论了应用中存在的问题及发展方向.提出绿地建设应以乔木为主,形成乔、灌、花、草结合的复层绿化模式.     

新疆乌鲁木齐市道路绿地现状调查与研究

针对乌鲁木齐市主要道路绿化现状,就植物种类、季相搭配、植物配置模式进行调查研究.结果表明:乌鲁木齐市道路绿地主要有绿化植物92种,其中乔木类49种、灌木类21种、花卉类22种,还有部分草本及藤本植物.调查发现,道路绿化以乔木为主,但美化树种不多,出现频度最高的10种乔木,没有1种既观花又观叶的种类;季相搭配做到了四季变化,但春、冬季景观薄弱;植物配置垂直结构共3种类型,其中具3~4层结构的占50%.提出:今后应增加季相、色相变化感强的观花或观果乔木树种,调整乔、灌树种比例,适当增加花灌木与宿根花卉的种类与数量,此外,不同道路植物种类的选择和配置首先应与道路的性质和功能紧密结合.     

Post-fire resource redistribution and fertility island dynamics in shrub encroached desert grasslands: a modeling approach

A common form of land degradation in desert grasslands is associated with the relatively rapid encroachment of woody plants, a process that has important implications on ecosystem structure and function, as well as on the soil hydrological and biogeochemical properties. Until recently this grassland to shrubland transition was thought to be highly irreversible. However recent studies have shown that at the early stages of shrub encroachment in desert grasslands, there exists a very dynamic shrub–grass transition state with enough grass connectivity between the shrub islands to allow for fire spread. In this state fire could play a major role in determining the dominance of grasses and their recovery from the effects of overgrazing. Using a spatially explicit cellular automata model, we show how the patch-scale feedbacks between fires and soil erosion affects resource redistribution and vegetation dynamics in a mixed grass–shrub plant community at landscape to regional scales. The results of this study indicate that at its early stages, the grassland-to-shrubland transition can be reversible and that the feedbacks between fire and soil erosion processes may play a major role in determining the reversibility of the system.     

彩叶植物在南宁道路绿化中的应用调查

对南宁市22条主要城市道路绿化中的彩叶植物进行调查,结果表明,南宁市现有道路绿地主要应用的彩叶植物共有16科、31种,其中乔木4科、9种;灌木9科、12种;草本6科、10种.根据色彩在叶面上的分布可将其分成单色叶类、双色叶类、斑叶及花叶类、镶边类和彩脉类.文章在研究结果基础上,针对目前南宁市道路绿化彩叶植物应用存在的问题,提出相应的建议与对策.     

Effects of urban waterfront park landscape elements on visual behavior and public preference: Evidence from eye-tracking experiments

High-quality urban blue-green spaces are essential to enhance the well-being of residents. Public preferences in urban landscapes are closely related to visual behavior and can meet human needs. By combining objective eye-movement data with subjective evaluation data, public preferences for blue-green typical spatial waterfront parks were analyzed based on visual behavior. Taking Wuhan, a megacity in China, as an example, four types of landscapes were identified: waterscape, plantscape, hardscape, and integrated landscape. Using visual clustering to identify eye movement indicators, we analyzed the influence of element types, proportions and combinations on public preferences based on visual behavior differences related to landscape elements. The results indicated that: (1) visual behaviors differ among elements and preferences, arbor commands overall attention, and pavilion is the element attended to first. (2) The positive correlation between water and fatigue recovery increased by 0.163 after combination with reflection, while the correlation between arbor and fatigue recovery changed from 0.353 (p < 0.01) to − 0.251 (p < 0.01) after combination with shrub and grass. (3) Plantscape and waterscape were rated as more natural, intimate, and restorative, but the most element-rich integrated landscape had the highest beauty ratings. Hardscape had significantly lower ratings but were generally considered to be fully utilized spaces. (4) The most significant visual behavior factor affecting evaluations was fixation duration, and the most critical landscape elements were arbor and pavilion. This study reveals differences in people's visual perceptions and preferences for waterfront parks through eye-movement experiments, and could lead to more judicious landscape element selections and park space compositions.     

华安县红楼至和目坑公路建设项目植被现状调查分析

对福建省华安县公路建设项目植被现状进行调查,结果表明：现状植被生态类型除农田耕地、茶园、竹林、果林和杉木林、巨尾桉林外,余为次生杂生性灌草植被,植物区系成分和群落类型均属广布性的种类与群落类型。根据调查,果林、竹林、杉木、巨尾桉植物群落结构简单,林下植物较少,一般灌木层较为稀疏。物种多样性指数表明,评价范围内乔木层和灌木层的多样性指数较低。     

短季亏缺灌溉条件下高密栽培对番茄产量和品质的影响

为充分利用北京地区3—5月的优质光热条件、稳定基质栽培番茄品质,通过改变传统栽培方法,采用在同一设施内,人为控制植株高度,只留2穗果和水分亏缺灌溉等栽培措施,研究不同栽培密度(每667 m2分别栽4000、6000、8000株)对番茄产量及品质的影响,结果表明:每667 m2栽6000株处理的果实可溶性固形物含量达到8...     

Multi-scale factors and long-term responses of Chihuahuan Desert grasses to drought

Factors with variation at broad (e.g., climate) and fine scales (e.g., soil texture) that influence local processes at the plant scale (e.g., competition) have often been used to infer controls on spatial patterns and temporal trends in vegetation. However, these factors can be insufficient to explain spatial and temporal variation in grass cover for arid and semiarid grasslands during an extreme drought that promotes woody plant encroachment. Transport of materials among patches may also be important to this variation. We used long-term cover data (1915–2001) combined with recently collected field data and spatial databases from a site in the northern Chihuahuan Desert to assess temporal trends in cover and the relative importance of factors at three scales (plant, patch, landscape unit) in explaining spatial variation in grass cover. We examined cover of five important grass species from two topographic positions before, during, and after the extreme drought of the 1950s. Our results show that dynamics before, during, and after the drought varied by species rather than by topographic position. Different factors were related to cover of each species in each time period. Factors at the landscape unit scale (rainfall, stocking rate) were related to grass cover in the pre- and post-drought periods whereas only the plant-scale factor of soil texture was significantly related to cover of two upland species during the drought. Patch-scale factors associated with the redistribution of water (microtopography) were important for different species in the pre- and post-drought period. Another patch-scale factor, distance from historic shrub populations, was important to the persistence of the dominant grass in uplands (Bouteloua eriopoda) through time. Our results suggest the importance of local processes during the drought, and transport processes before and after the drought with different relationships for different species. Disentangling the relative importance of factors at different spatial scales to spatial patterns and long-term trends in grass cover can provide new insights into the key processes driving these historic patterns, and can be used to improve forecasts of vegetation change in arid and semiarid areas.