肉鸡腹水综合征肝脏和心脏线粒体MnSOD活性和MDA含量的变化

为从亚细胞水平探讨肉鸡腹水综合征的发病机制 ,通过肝脏和心脏线粒体的分离鉴定 ,测定了其所含的 Mn-SOD活性以及线粒体膜结构的 MDA含量变化。结果表明 :在肉鸡腹水综合征时 ,肝脏和心脏线粒体中 SOD含量降低或显著降低 ,MDA含量升高或显著升高 ;在肝脏和心脏线粒体 ,SOD的作用并没有导致 MDA含量降低 ;不论发病组和对照组 ,肝脏线粒体 SOD含量均高于心脏 ,肝脏线粒体 MDA含量均低于心脏。可以设想 :(1)肉鸡发生腹水综合征时 ,氧自由基在亚细胞水平上参与了疾病的病理过程 ;(2 )肝脏线粒体的抗氧化能力强于心脏线粒体 ;(3)线粒体的抗氧化损伤能力并不足以阻止线粒体膜受到损害。     

对如东地区肉鸡腹水综合征病因学调查

本文在国内首次报道钠离子过量与肉鸡腹水综合征的关系。作者通过对如东地区肉鸡腹水综合征病鸡群的饲料及饮水分析、临床病理学（包括血液、血液生物化学指标）观察，认为Ｎａ＋摄入过量是当地肉鸡腹水综合征的重要病因之一，佝偻病可能有诱发、加剧腹水综合征的作用     

腹水综合征对肉鸡肝脏、心肌和肠黏膜线粒体抗氧化能力的影响

采取分组对比的方法（对照组，肉鸡腹水征发病组，治疗组）分别检测肝组织、肠黏膜、心肌线粒体中的MDA含量，SOD、GSH—PX的活性。结果显示，发生腹水综合征的肉鸡，其肝脏、心肌和肠黏膜线粒体MDA活力呈现先显著降低（1、2周时）、后显著提高（3、4、5周时）的变化趋势（P〈0．05）而与发病组线粒体MDA活力先降后升的动态变化趋势相反，治疗组线粒体MDA的活力则呈现先升后降的趋势，最终显著阻止了自由基的产生。线粒体SOD和GSH—Px活力的变化趋势则与MDA相反。提示：肉鸡腹水综合征显著诱导了肉鸡组织细胞和线粒体的脂质过氧化作用，显著降低了肉鸡组织细胞和线粒体的抗氧化能力；药物能有效地改善这一过程。     

肉鸡腹水综合征患鸡右心组织钙含量的研究

利用原子吸收分光光度法和焦锑酸钾组化电镜技术,测定肉鸡右心室壁总钙和右心室组织细胞内游离Ca2+含量和分布。结果显示肉鸡腹水综合征患鸡右心室壁总钙含量为(71.2±6.5)mg/kg,显著高于低温未发病和健康肉鸡(分别为58.0±4.4,46.8±3.1,P<0.01)。电镜观察发现Ca2+沉淀颗粒主要散在分布于患鸡心肌胞浆、肌浆网、线粒体等部位,腹水综合征患鸡Ca2+颗粒的沉积量比健康肉鸡显著增多。结果提示心肌细胞内Ca2+的异常可能与肉鸡腹水综合征的发生发展有关。     

肉鸡腹水综合征的早期诊断方法

<正>本文中作者针对肉鸡腹水征发生与发展的过程中某些理化指标、代谢指标的变化,概述了肉鸡腹水征的早期诊断方法的进展与趋势。肉鸡腹水征的早期诊断评定指标是;血浆内皮素、组织内自由基和抗氧化酶、血清阳离子等。在肉鸡腹水征的早期诊断方法研究上,从过去的血液理化指标检测已过渡到检测机体组织内代谢产物变化的检测等,甚至研究心脏耐低氧基因与肉鸡腹水综合征发生相关性。     

科技动态

美科学家发现导致肉鸡腹水综合征的遗传因素美国农业部(USDA)和阿肯色大学的科学家正在研究导致鸡腹水综合征的可能的遗传原因。人类的家族原发性肺高血压(familyprimarypulmonaryhypertension,FPPH)与肉鸡的腹水综合征都是病理生理性和遗传性疾病。当2001年科学家发现人BMPR2基因突变与FPPH有关系时,他们就对六个腹水综合征敏感肉鸡系BMPR2基因进行了分析,研究发现结果并不象预期的那样乐观,肉鸡腹水综合征与PMBR2基因并无关联。然而,对敏感肉鸡系和抗性肉鸡系心肌组织电子传递链(ETC)蛋白的表达情况的研究,揭示腹水综合征可能…     

浅谈鸡腹水综合征的防治

1概述及主要症状 肉鸡腹水综合征（ascites syndrome,AS）是世界肉鸡业面临的三大危害最严重的营养代谢病之一．占肉鸡损失的25％。AS是以明显的腹水、右心扩张、肺充血、肺水肿以及肝脏的病变为特征。这种特征性症状腹水是在肺、心、肝和肾等内脏的病理损伤基础上发生的,因而称之为腹水综合征。     

采用营养与饲养技术预防肉鸡腹水综合征

肉鸡腹水综合征是世界肉鸡业所面临的三大危害最严重的营养代谢病之一。随着肉鸡业的发展，该病的发生率有逐年上升的趋势。本文主要通过阐述肉鸡腹水综合征的危害、临床症状、发病机理、预防和减缓肉鸡腹水综合征的营养与饲养技术等，为降低实际生产中肉鸡腹水综合征的发生提供参考。     

肉鸡腹水综合征及预防措施

肉鸡腹水症是以右心腔扩张和腹腔积液为特征的综合征,肉鸡呼吸系统的解剖生理特点是导致肉鸡腹水症发生的内在原因,缺氧是造成肉鸡腹水综合征的重要原因。该病与猝死综合征及生长障碍综合征已是当今的肉鸡饲养业的三种最严重的疾病,常造成大批死亡。     

冬养肉鸡谨防腹水

肉鸡腹水症是一种以腹腔蓄积大量液体为特征的疾病,又称心衰综合征、高海拔病或肉鸡腹水综合征。该病的发生有明显的季节性,一般多发于气候寒冷的冬季和早春季节,其病因比较复杂。目前普遍认为凡是能引起肉鸡肝脏、肺脏、肾脏和心脏损伤的因素均可诱发本病。1 发病诱因(1)饲养管理失误为了保暖而     

The effect of increased mineral levels in the feed on leg weakness and sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens

In two experiments with 98,000 and 40,000 broilers on commercial broiler farms, half of each flock were fed starter, grower and finisher diets with 0.2% added calcium, 0.2% added phosphorus and 0.2% added magnesium. This ration had no significant effect on the incidence of sudden death syndrome but the incidence of leg weakness in broilers on the increased mineral ration was higher in both flocks.

Approximately 28% of the mortality in both flocks was from sudden death syndrome, more than from any other condition. Approximately 20% of the mortality was associated with leg weakness.

     

Skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic calcium regulation and sudden death syndrome in chickens

1. Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) is a disease of well‐developed, predominandy male broiler chickens where death appears to occur because of cardiovascular failure. The role of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic calcium regulation as a potential cause of SDS has been investigated.

2. Calcium regulation of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was compared between broiler and Leghorn chickens. Calcium regulation matured from the 2nd to the 11 th week and, at any age, broiler chickens showed significandy lower calcium transport rates and transport efficiencies. The mechanism of calcium transport in broiler chickens was more energy‐consuming than that of the Leghorn chickens.

3. Sarcoplasmic calcium regulation is pivotal for muscle metabolism. As in porcine malignant hyperthermia, weaker calcium regulation might lead to hyperactivation of skeletal muscle, followed by elevated lactic acid concentrations and cardiovascular failure.     

Observations on swollen head syndrome in broiler and broiler breeder chickens

Chickens on 14 broiler breeder farms were examined at various times throughout their laying cycle. Antibodies to the turkey rhinotracheitis virus were common although they were not always accompanied by clinical signs of the swollen head syndrome. Ninety-nine broiler flocks were tested of which only 20 were serologically positive to the virus. Some of these infections were subclinical. On nine farms where swollen head syndrome occurred several successive flocks were sampled; the syndrome occurred intermittently.     

Increased calcium deposits and decreased Ca-ATPase in erythrocytes of ascitic broiler chickens

The decrease of erythrocyte deformability may be one of the predisposing factors for pulmonary hypertension and ascites in broiler chickens. In mammals, the cytoplasmic calcium is a major regulator of erythrocyte deformability. In this study, the erythrocyte deformability was measured, and the precise locations of Ca²⁺ and Ca²⁺-ATPase in the erythrocytes were investigated in chickens with ascites syndrome induced by low ambient temperature. The results showed that ascitic broilers had higher filtration index of erythrocyte compared with control groups, indicating a decrease in erythrocyte deformability in ascitic broilers. The more calcium deposits were observed in the erythrocytes of ascitic broilers compared with those of the age-matched control birds. The Ca²⁺-ATPase reactive grains were significantly decreased on the erythrocyte membranes of ascitic broilers. Our data suggest that accumulation of intracellular calcium and inhibition of Ca²⁺-ATPase might be important factors for the reduced deformability of the erythrocytes of ascitic broilers.     

Evaluation of vectorelectrocardiographic analysis of young broiler chickens as a predictive index for susceptibility to ascites syndrome.

Vectorelectrocardiographic (VCG) analysis was performed on 50 male broiler chicks (1 week of age) before placement in a hypobaric chamber. During 5 weeks of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude of 2900 m), all recorded mortality (38%) was due to the development of ascites syndrome. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.74, P less than 0.01) between the increment in the frontal plane mean resultant vector magnitude divided by body weight (designated as the cardiac index [CI]), with the severity of right ventricular enlargement. Chicks developing ascites syndrome had a greater CI (P less than 0.05) at 1 week of age when compared with chicks that did not develop the syndrome. Therefore, the CI calculated by VCG analysis recognizes right ventricular enlargement, suggesting that a pre-hatch or early post-hatch functional cardiac stress has occurred, predisposing the 1-week-old broiler chick to ascites syndrome. Application of the CI has a physiological index may prove useful in future studies targeted for selection of ascites syndrome resistance in broiler chickens.     

An unusual case of concomitant infection with chicken astrovirus and group A avian rotavirus in broilers with a history of severe clinical signs

A molecular study of intestinal samples from 21 broiler flocks with a history of enteritis revealed that 23.8% and 14.3% were positive for chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian rotavirus (ARV), respectively. CAstV and group A ARV were simultaneously detected in only one broiler flock. Birds in this group developed the significant intestinal lesions characterized by frothy contents, paleness, and thin intestinal walls. In this report we present an unusual case of runting stunting syndrome (RSS) with a history of high mortality and growth retardation in broiler chickens. We also make the first identification of CAstV and group A ARV in broiler chickens in Korea.     

肉鸡和蛋鸡心肌易颤性的比较研究

以常规饲养的肉鸡和蛋鸡作为试验动物,通过电刺激诱颤阈和输钾诱颤阈的测定以及进行冷加压试验,对同体重肉鸡和蛋鸡的心肌易颤性进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)同体重肉鸡和蛋鸡相比,电刺激诱颤阈和输钾诱颤阈肉鸡均极显著低于蛋鸡(P<0.01);(2)在电刺激诱发室颤的过程中,开胸时室颤的发生率肉鸡(14%)显著高于蛋鸡(0%)(P<0.05);(3)冷加压试验:冷加压5min内,心率和PT波宽出现了显著的变化,而且变化幅度肉鸡均明显大于蛋鸡。上述试验结果从不同方面均表明肉鸡心肌易颤性高于蛋鸡。     

Exacerbative effect of vitamin A on malabsorption syndrome in chicks

The interaction between malabsorption syndrome (MAS) and dietary vitamins A and D was studied in broiler chicks reared in floor pens for 4 weeks. The chicks were naturally infected with MAS, whereas hatchmates fed the same diets but in a separate facility (battery brooder) did not exhibit signs of MAS and, therefore, were considered controls. MAS significantly reduced body weights, bone ash, serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, and liver lipids and increased the incidence of skeletal abnormalities (tibial dyschondroplasia and rickets). Rather than ameliorating the effects of MAS, vitamin A caused a further reduction in body weight and bone ash. A possible nutrient interaction between vitamin A and vitamin D or vitamin E in birds with MAS may account for the exacerbative effect of vitamin A.