过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶与苜蓿白粉病抗性的关系

以8个对白粉病有不同抗性的苜蓿品种(Medicgo sativa L.)为材料,研究人工接菌后叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化及其与抗病性的关系。结果表明:未接菌的品种间PAL活性差异不显著,而POD活性则差异显著(P<0.05);感病品种POD活显著高于抗病品种;接种白粉病菌后,供试品种间叶片PAL活性和POD活性均升高,其中抗病品种间PAL活性升高幅度显著大于感病品种,其变化与病情指数呈负相关,而POD活性的变化则相反;POD活性和PAL活性与苜蓿品种对白粉病的抗性密切相关。     

高温胁迫下苜蓿抗氧化系统及叶绿素含量对草酸的响应

在40℃高温胁迫条件下,对经5 mmol/L草酸处理后的苜蓿叶片细胞膜透性、叶绿素含量和抗氧化系统进行研究.与对照相比,处理组苜蓿Medicago sativa叶片的细胞膜透性和丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,叶绿素含量和过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸(AsA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)等抗氧化系统的活性增强,表明草酸提高了苜蓿的耐热性.     

柑橘褐斑病菌对不同抗性柑橘品种防御酶活性的影响

以柑橘褐斑病高抗品种Lw8,中抗品种L2,高感品种Lw14为实验材料,通过孢子喷雾法使柑橘褐斑病菌感染柑橘叶片,研究接菌0d、1d、2d、3d、6d、8d、10d时,柑橘叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、几丁质酶(CHT)酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶(GLU)含量及活性变化规律与品种抗病性的关系。结果表明,接种前,两个抗病品种Lw8、L2中的POD、SOD、PAL、PPO 、GLU、CHT活性显著高于高感品种Lw14,CAT活性则与高感品种Lw14相近;接种后,3个不同抗性品种中SOD、POD、CAT、PAL、PPO 、GLU、CHT 7种防御酶活性较对照明显提高,但不同品种增加幅度不一致,除CAT外,其余6种防御酶活性均表现为抗病品种Lw8、L2增幅显著高于高感品种Lw14,且两个抗病品种一般在接菌3d内6种防御酶活性迅速升高并达到峰值;而高感品种Lw14防御酶(除CAT外)活性或增幅较小或较两个抗病品种滞后。本研究初步探讨了不同抗性品种接种褐斑病菌后7种防御酶的活性动态变化与柑橘品种抗病性关系,为进一步研究其抗病机理奠定基础。     

茉莉酸甲酯和磷酸氢二钾诱导柱花草对炭疽病的抗性

探究茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl Jasmonate,MeJA)和磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)诱导柱花草对炭疽病的抵抗作用。结果表明,二者浓度分别为0.001~0.1mg·mL-1和10~50mmol·L-1时,病情指数均显著降低(P0.05),最佳诱导浓度分别是0.001mg·mL-1和30mmol·L-1,诱导效果分别是64.84%和54.40%。0.001mg·mL-1MeJA处理组的过氧化物酶(POD)及多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性在48h达到最大值,显著高于对照组。30mmol·L-1 K2HPO4处理组的POD与PPO活性分别在48和24h达到最大值,显著高于对照组。两种诱抗剂处理的POD和PPO活性在接种早期增加了柱花草对炭疽菌的侵染的抵御能力,进而提高植株的抗病性。30mmol·L-1 K2HPO4处理组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在48~72h内上升,显著高于对照组,而0.001mg·mL-1 MeJA处理组的CAT活性除72h显著低于对照组,其他时间点与对照组相差不大。说明在诱导柱花草抗病性方面,两种诱导抗性剂处理的诱抗效果与POD、PPO和CAT的酶活性的诱导的时间及程度有关。     

豌豆蚜刺吸胁迫对不同苜蓿品种体内单宁含量及生理活性的影响

通过对甘农5号(G5)、甘农3号(G3)、金皇后(JH)和猎人河(Hu)4种不同抗蚜苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种受豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)胁迫后其叶片内丙二醛(MDA)和单宁含量及防御性酶(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD))活性的动态变化研究,以期明确各项生理指标与抗虫性之间的关系。结果表明:在蚜虫刺吸诱导过程中,抗虫品种(G5)的MDA含量低于低抗品种(G3)和感虫品种(JH),抗虫品种和感虫品种的单宁含量高于低抗品种,感虫品种的SOD和POD活性低于抗虫品种和低抗品种,且所有品种的SOD和POD活性均表现先上升后下降的趋势,而MDA和单宁含量变化无规律。因此,MDA,SOD和POD活性的变化与苜蓿的抗蚜性密切相关,可作为苜蓿抗蚜性生理指标,而单宁与苜蓿抗蚜性的关系有待进一步研究。     

锶对苜蓿生长和抗氧化酶系统的影响

在1/2浓度Hoagland营养液中添加终浓度至0、1mmol/L、5mmol/L、10mmol/L、20mmol/L和40mmol/L的SrCl_2处理2叶1心期苜蓿,待其生长至3叶1心期分析6个处理对苜蓿生长、抗氧化酶(POD、SOD和CAT)活性和同工酶谱的影响。结果表明:SrCl_2处理在低浓度对苜蓿生长有一定促进作用,浓度超过5mmol/L后,苜蓿生长受到抑制。当SrCl_2处理浓度在0~40mmol/L范围内,苜蓿POD、SOD和CAT活性表现为先升高后降低,其中POD和CAT在10mmol/L、SOD在20mmol/L浓度时活性最高。SOD/POD、SOD/CAT和SOD/(POD+CAT)比值先降低后升高,10mmol/L SrCl_2处理比值最小,说明POD和CAT活性在锶胁迫时降低更快,限制了锶胁迫的缓解。锶处理导致POD同工酶谱带减少,20mmol/L SrCl_2可诱导产生2条新的SOD谱带,同时导致SOD-3不表达,10mmol/L SrCl_2诱导1条新的CAT谱带;但随浓度增加,新产生的酶不表达,没有相应谱带。     

苜蓿斑蚜对三个苜蓿品种幼苗氧化酶的影响

采用室内人工接虫的方法,研究HA-3(高抗)、甘农三号(中抗)和Hunter River(低抗)3种不同抗蚜苜蓿品种受苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis trifolii Monell)为害幼苗初期植株叶片SOD、POD、PPO等酶活性的变化。结果表明:苜蓿斑蚜为害后,3个苜蓿品种的SOD、POD、PPO的活性都显著上升,且随着虫口密度的增加而增强;苜蓿品种之间的SOD、POD、PPO活性变化存在显著差异;虽然HA-3苜蓿正常植株的SOD活性较高,但由于甘农三号苜蓿受蚜虫胁迫后SOD活性增长量大,使蚜虫胁迫植株的SOD活性与HA-3苜蓿没有显著差异;POD和PPO的活性在3个苜蓿品种正常植株之间没有显著差异,受蚜虫胁迫后,HA-3苜蓿的POD和PPO活性较高,甘农三号苜蓿次之,Hunter River苜蓿较低;3个苜蓿品种SOD、POD、PPO活性变化的差异,基本反映了其田间抗蚜性的差异水平。此研究对苜蓿抗蚜品种的选育及对蚜虫的持续控制具有重要意义。     

CQ10-LPSp对紫花苜蓿幼苗抗氧化酶和防御酶的作用

为明确成团泛菌CQ10脂多糖(Pantoea agglomerans CQ10 Lipopolysaccharide,CQ10-LPSp)对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)幼苗抗氧化酶和防御酶的作用，以紫花苜蓿‘巨能551’种子(种子表面消毒组和未消毒组)为试验材料，采用低浓度(0、0.067和0.134 EU·mL^-1)和高浓度(0.200和0.267 EU·mL^-1)的CQ10-LPSp与紫花苜蓿互作，研究CQ10-LPSp对紫花苜蓿幼苗的抗氧化特性[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)]和防御酶活性[苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和脂氧合酶(LOX)]的影响。结果表明：随着CQ10-LPSp浓度的升高，未消毒组和消毒组苜蓿幼苗的SOD、POD和PPO、PAL活性均呈先升后降趋势，在0.200 EU·mL^-1时达到最大值；MDA含量随着CQ10-LPSp浓度的升高呈先降后升再降的趋势，且均显著低于对照，而CAT活性却持续下降。低浓度CQ10-...     

铬胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子发芽及幼苗生理生化特性的影响

以"甘农3号"紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Gannong No.3)品种为试验材料,研究不同浓度Cr(0、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0 mmol·L-1CrCl3)胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:Cr胁迫显著抑制了紫花苜蓿种子的萌发及幼苗的生长,种子发芽势、发芽率及幼苗的胚芽长、胚根长和干重均显著降低(p<0.05),且对发芽势的抑制程度大于发芽率,对胚根生长的抑制程度大于胚芽。在低浓度Cr胁迫(0.5和1 mmol·L-1)下,苜蓿幼苗可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量、蛋白质水解酶活性及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与CK差异不显著,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、愈创木酚过氧化物酶(GPX)活性升高,当Cr胁迫浓度达到2.5 mmol·L-1时,可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量下降,蛋白质水解酶、SOD、CAT活性均显著受到抑制,APX、GPX活性也显著下降。随着Cr胁迫浓度的增加,超氧阴离子自由基产生速率、H2O2及丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著增加。说明低浓度Cr胁迫下,苜蓿幼苗抗氧化系统清除活性氧的能力上升,高浓度Cr胁迫下,苜蓿幼苗抗氧化系统活性下降,膜脂过氧化程度加剧,这是苜蓿幼苗生物量下降的主要原因。可见,紫花苜蓿对重金属Cr胁迫产生的适应性是有一定条件的。     

蓟马取食诱导对紫花苜蓿次生代谢物含量及防御酶活性的影响

以抗蓟马苜蓿品种甘农 9 号(Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No. 9)、感蓟马苜蓿品种甘农 3 号 (Medicago sativa cv. Gannong No. 3)和高感蓟马苜蓿品种 WL363HQ(Medicago sativa cv. WL363HQ) 为试验材料,紫花苜蓿苗期接种不同头数(0、4、5、6 头/枝条)的蓟马成虫,取食 5 d 后比较不同抗性苜蓿品种叶片中次生代谢物质(黄酮、单宁、木质素)含量和防御酶(过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO))活性的变化。结果表明：随着蓟马头数的增加,供试苜蓿品种的黄酮、单宁和木质素含量均显著高于 CK(P＜0. 05)。5、6 头/枝条处理时,甘农 9 号的单宁含量分别较甘农 3 号显著提高了 53. 49%,47. 70%;较 WL363HQ 分别显著增加了 71. 52%,58. 60%(P＜0. 05)。甘农 9 号的木质素含量在 5、6 头/枝条处理下均显著高于甘农 3 号和 WL363HQ,增幅分别为 5. 60%,3. 50% 和 6. 13%,3. 96%(P＜0. 05)。蓟马取食胁迫显著提高了供试苜蓿品种的 POD 和 PAL 活性,显著降低了 PPO 活性(P＜0. 05)。甘农 9 号的 POD 和 PAL 活性在 5 头/枝条处理下较甘农 3 号分别显著增加了 2. 60%,1. 09%;较 WL363HQ 分别显著提高了 1. 36%,3. 54%;6 头/枝条处理后甘农 9 号的 POD 和 PAL 活性均显著高于甘农 3 号(5. 19%,9. 36%)和 WL363HQ(2. 58%,11. 18%)(P＜0. 05)。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.