三种不同厚度的移植皮块对牛大面积皮肤缺损的愈合实验研究

为了探讨不同厚度的移植皮块对大面积皮肤缺损的愈合效果,人为在试验牛左臀部制造一10cm×15cm全层皮肤缺损创,造创后用涂有2%强力霉素药膏的无菌纱布覆盖创面,隔天换药一次。4～5d后创面出现肉芽组织,9d时肉芽组织覆盖整个创面,并与周围皮肤缘平齐。造创后10d开始植皮。用自制的取皮工具从颈部取不同厚度的皮块,取皮面积约为受皮区面积的1/10。将取下的皮肤修剪成4mm×4mm×3mm的梯形小皮块,采用嵌植法分别在创面上、中、下三区分别移植全层、断层、薄层皮块各30块。植皮后4d移植皮块成活,28d时创面愈合。综合评价结果断层皮块对大面积皮肤缺损的愈合效果最佳。     

半导体激光照射对犬创伤愈合的影响

用本地杂种犬１２只分为两组，在背部两侧定边长２ｃｍ的正方形皮肤全层缺损创，对照组左侧作为划体对照，每天对创面愈合情况进行观察记录。结果表明：砷化镓激光照射可促进犬全层皮肤缺损创的愈合，但差异不显著，而对激光照射７天内的愈合速度有显著的促进作用。     

马骡四肢关节透创修复的实验研究

对实验马骡的肩、膝、腕、球关节共36个人工致伤,造成伴有皮肤缺损的关节透创。随即对关节囊破口按随机化原则分别采用自家血凝块填塞、明胶海绵填塞、关节囊缝合和绷带压迫等四种方法进行填塞闭合试验,对肩、膝关节透创,在填塞闭合2周后延期缝合伤口,对腕、球关节透创则于填塞闭合10天左右采用自体带血管网皮肤移植修复。结果:明胶海绵填塞和自家血凝块填塞的效果较好,都能使关节囊缺损暂时消失,填塞物与创面平齐密接,前者效果更优于后者,有9/11的关节在动物站立及关节活动时均无关节液流出;肩、膝关节透创10例,延期缝合后约2周有9例取一期愈合,仅有1例因缝合后化脓,延长至60天基本愈合,延期缝合比不缝合的常规治疗缩短疗程2周左右,腕、球关节透创14例,移植皮片成活的10例(其中有2例功能恢复和外貌表现均很好),其余4例因感染化脓而失败。由此认为,治疗马骡四肢伴有皮肤缺损的关节透创,不仅要填塞关节囊伤口,而且更重要的是应及时修复皮肤缺损;对肩、膝关节创伤,可利用延期缝合修复皮肤缺损,而对于腕、球关节创伤,则宜用带血管网皮肤修复。     

家兔自体皮肤移植技术试验

为探讨自体皮片的嵌植效果, 在试验家兔臀部人为制造两个3cm×4 5cm全层皮肤缺损创。造创后用涂有市售烧伤药膏的无菌纱布覆盖创面, 每隔1d换1次药。5~6d后创面出现肉芽组织, 13d时肉芽组织覆盖整个创面, 并与周围皮肤缘相平, 肉芽平整, 有光泽。造创后14d开始植皮。用手术刀自同体臀部中央取薄层皮片, 取皮面积约等于受皮区面积的1 /10。将取下的皮肤修剪成大约边为4mm的等腰三角形的小皮片用于植皮, 采用嵌植法将皮块移植于创面。左右创面分别为9、14块。结果: 植皮24d后, 原来皮肤凹陷已经长平, 新生表皮覆盖整个创面,色素区扩大盖满了整个创面, 创面呈黄色, 在色素较多的地方有毛生长。试验结果证明了自体薄层小皮片嵌植法简单易行, 皮片成活率高, 可大大缩短皮肤缺损创的愈合时间。     

牛自体皮肤移植试验研究

为探讨自体皮片的嵌植效果 ,在实验牛臀部人为制造 1 1 .2 cm× 1 5cm、1 1 cm× 1 5cm两个全层皮肤缺损创 ,造创后用涂有蒽诺沙星药膏的无菌纱布覆盖创面 ,每隔 1天换 1次药。5～ 6d后创面出现肉芽组织 ,1 2 d时肉芽组织覆盖整个创面 ,并与周围皮肤缘相平 ,肉芽平整 ,有光泽。造创后 1 3 d开始植皮。用自制的取皮工具自颈部取皮 ,取皮面积约等于受皮区面积的1 / 1 0。将取下的皮肤修剪成大约有 5mm2的小皮块用于植皮 ,采用嵌植法将皮块移植于创面。左右创面分别为 90、78块。结果 :植皮 2 4d后 ,原来皮肤凹陷已经长平 ,新生表皮覆盖整个创面 ,色素区扩大盖满了整个创面 ,创面呈黄色 ,在色素较多的地方有毛生长。结论 :自体小皮块嵌植法简单易行 ,皮块成活率高 ,可大大缩短皮肤大面积缺损创的愈合时间。     

防腐生肌膏对创伤愈合的影响试验

防腐生肌膏是由中药血竭、乳香、没药、三七、紫草、黄柏、冰片等组成的。本试验目的研究防腐生肌膏在大鼠皮肤缺损模型中对伤口愈合的影响。将25只SD大鼠进行皮肤缺损造模,每日涂抹防腐生肌膏。计算创面愈合率以及创面愈合时间,记录愈后瘢痕面积。通过H.E.染色的方法检测新生皮肤样本。结果表明,防腐生肌膏能够促进创口收缩,创口瘢痕组织面积显著小于对照组(P<0.01)。H.E.染色结果显示,防腐生肌膏处理的创口有更少的炎性细胞浸润,同时伴随成纤维细胞的增殖,促进肉芽组织形成。该结果证明防腐生肌膏促进伤口愈合,为临床治疗提供依据。     

止血疗伤散治内外伤好

止血疗伤散是我站老中兽医王述章先生祖传秘方,治家畜内外伤屡见奇效。本人采用止血疗伤散治家畜各种内外伤185例,其中鼻出血15例、产后出血10例,鞍伤50例、新鲜创45例、感染创35例,漏蹄30例,均治愈。 1、药物的组成:血余炭、白芨、血竭各等量,混合研极细,过120目筛,装瓶后高压灭菌备用。 2、用法用量:常规处理伤口,将药粉均匀地撒在创面,包扎。也可用菜油绸膏敷用。 3、内服:牛马80～120克,猪30～50克。 4、药理作用:止血疗伤散有散瘀止血、止痛生肌之功效。内服治心腹卒痛,治五脏邪气,治内出血。外用有收敛止血、止痛消肿、抗菌消炎、促进肉芽增生等作用。     

云南白药在兽医临床上的运用

云南白药是用于治疗各种外伤出血及跌打损伤等症的良药。近年来,笔者将其运用于兽医临床,治疗家畜各种外伤、漏蹄、便血及产后恶露不尽等症,均获得满意疗效,现予报道,供同道参考。(一)外伤笔者用云南白药治疗家畜各种外伤13例(其中耕牛刀伤及角斗损伤6例,蹄钉伤及蹄底刺伤5例,猪外伤2例),疗效满意。对轻微创伤,只需创面撒布云南白药,即可达到止血和治疗的目的。对创腔较深、出血较多的外伤,在行常规处理后,向创腔和创面撒布该药,有利于创伤的愈合,亦可预防感染。     

魏氏流膏对犬皮肤创伤愈合及瘢痕组织结构的影响

选用本地杂种犬６只，在犬的背部两侧各造一边长为ｃｍ的正方形皮肤全层缺损创。右侧涂布工流膏，左侧作为对照 。每天对创面愈合情况进行观察记录并创作面积，于临床愈合后取组织样中性福乐马林固定，石蜡切片，Ｈ．Ｅ染色，光镜检查。从创伤俞合面积、最后愈合时间及病理组织学结果都主宰氏流膏对犬的实验性创伤愈合没有明显的作用。     

动物皮肤移植手术方法

皮肤是动物体最大的器官,也是免疫系统的组成部分,皮肤的完整性如果遭到破坏或缺损,将影响畜体的正常生存。动物自体皮肤嵌植移植手术简单易行,且皮块成活率高,可大大缩短皮肤大面积缺损创的愈合时间,加速皮肤大面积缺损创的生长,对修复动物大面积皮肤缺损创具有重要意义。     

碳纤维人工食管用于牛羊的实验研究

选用碳纤维作为食管代替物,对各切除颈段固有食管3～4cm的8例绵羊和2例犊牛行食管植入吻合术。植入的碳纤维人工食管长度为3～4.5cm,管径为1～2cm,管壁厚为0.1～0.15cm。人工食管与食管断端采用作者改进的高桥氏二层重叠缝合方法吻合。术后除2例绵羊因人工食管渗漏子第4d死亡外,其余吻合手术均获成功。绵羊术后4～5d采食咀嚼碎青草自如,但咽下较缓慢,有时反复2～3次方能咽下;术后5～20d,采食及吞咽恢复至正常状态;20d后又复出现吞咽缓慢。犊牛术后饮奶咽下顺利,到20d后偶有反复吞咽和奶汁由鼻孔中返流现象,经3～5d恢复正常。经X线透视或钡剂食管造影检查,术后7～14d,钡液顺利通过食管和人工食管,显示人工食管部较正常食管稍细,术后22～26d,人工食管脱落,脱落部食管狭窄,其前方食管呈纺锤状扩张。动物全身及血液,生化指标观察均无明显改变。病理学观察,术后15d可见在食管两断端由新生肉芽组织形成纤维膜管以包裹人工食管,在新生肉芽组织纤维膜管内面,靠近食管吻合口边缘,已长出灰白色薄层粘膜;术后22～25d,人工食管脱落于瘤胃或网胃中,食管缺损段已由新生的食管组织连接在一起,新生食管外周形成纤维膜包裹,管腔内面被覆有较完整的薄层粘膜;术后35～40d。见新生食管内面粘膜层覆盖完整,管壁稍增厚,内腔稍     

Endoscopically Guided Balloon Dilatation of Benign Esophageal Strictures in 6 Cats and 7 Dogs

Benign esophageal strictures in 6 cats and 7 dogs were treated with endoscopically guided balloon dilatation. Six of 13 had a history of anesthesia within 3 weeks prior to the onset of signs; 8 animals had a single stricture, and 5 had multiple strictures, for a total of 19 strictures. Four of the 19 strictures were in the upper esophagus, 11 were in the middle esophagus, and 4 were in the lower esophagus. The luminal diameters ranged from 1 to 18 mm, with a mean of 5.1 mm. Twelve animals survived the immediate postprocedure period and had a total of 50 dilatation procedures performed; the mean number of procedures per animal was 4.2 (range, 2 to 8). Complications included mild bleeding and tearing (11 of 13), moderate bleeding (1 of 13), and esophageal perforation (1 of 13). The cat with the perforation was subsequently euthanized. Follow-up information was available on the 12 remaining animals; 9 were known to be alive 6 to 59 months (mean, 28.2 months) after dilatation. Two were euthanized, 1 for persistence of signs and the other for unrelated causes. One animal died of possible aspiration pneumonia. Three of 13 animals had complete and 9 had partial resolution of signs. Of the 9 animals with partial resolution, 7 were substantially better with dietary modification, 1 was moderately better, and 1 had minimal improvement. Eleven of 13 animals (85%) had a successful outcome with moderate to complete resolution of signs. Thus, it is concluded that endoscopically guided balloon dilatation is an effective and relatively safe treatment for benign esophageal strictures in dogs and cats.     

Presence of Hypoderma lineatum stage I larvae in the esophagus of cattle slaughtered in Chihuahua, Chih., Mexico

In order to detect the presence of Hypoderma lineatum stage I larvae within the esophagus of cattle slaughtered in Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico, a total of five samplings were carried out between July and November 2000. In each instance, a random sample was taken from 10% of the animals slaughtered in a single work shift in each of the two slaughterhouses included in this study. The esophagus were cut longitudinally in order to carry out visual inspection and detect the presence of H. lineatum stage I larvae in the submucosa. The larvae were separated and counted. We identified the presence of H. lineatum stage I larvae in the esophagus for all sampling dates, nevertheless, within the last sampling only one esophagus had them. For all sampling dates the prevalence ranged between 11 and 33%; the latter corresponded to the sampling in October. A total of 287 esophagus was inspected of which 54 were positive with one or more larvae (19%); 233 larvae were obtained from these cases. The number of larvae recovered per sampling ranged from 46 to 74 between July and October, the highest number was found in September's sampling. The largest amount of stage I larvae per esophagus was 22 in the months of July and August. Larvae were always located in the submucosa of the esophagus and all were oriented longitudinally.     

兔生后舌和食管发育的组织学研究

对18只法比兔生后舌和食管进行组织学观察的结果表明,免出生时舌背侧粘膜上皮未角化,并含有大量丝状乳头（平均高为135.7μm）和少量菌状乳头。固有膜不发达。舌肌为纵向、横向及垂直方向排列的横纹肌。舌腹侧粘膜表面平滑。15日龄以后,舌背侧菌状乳头高为200～521μm,其顶部直径为93～221μm。1日龄时,兔食管粘膜上皮只有4～5层细胞（平均厚28.5μm）。60日龄时,已达30层左右（平均厚164.3μm)。固有膜与粘膜下层分界不清。肌层由内纵、中环、外纵3层组成。肌层随年龄增长而逐渐增厚,1日龄时平均厚度121.4μm,60日龄时平均厚度达750μm。     

Capillariasis in a vulture guinea fowl

A case of capillariasis was diagnosed in a 5-yr-old male vulture guinea fowl (Acryllium vulturinum) with clinical signs of weakness, anorexia, and vomition. Necropsy revealed that the bird was severely emaciated and the liver was congested. The entire mucosa of the crop and esophagus was severely thickened as a result of the presence of fibrinonecrotic white plaques mixed with numerous nematodes. Histopathology of the crop and esophagus revealed multifocal areas of necrosis of the mucosa, severe inflammation, and squamous cell hyperplasia. Numerous nematode adults, larvae, and eggs consistent with the morphology of Capillaria sp. were found within the mucosa. The nematodes were identified as Capillaria contorta. Similar cases of capillariasis have been diagnosed in other vulture guinea fowl.     

Review of welfare concerns relating to commercial and special permit (scientific) whaling

This paper reviews recent data relating to the efficiency and humaneness of the methods used to kill minke whales in commercial and special permit whaling operations. In the 1980s a grenade-headed harpoon was developed for minke whaling. Most recent results indicate that in the Norwegian industry approximately 60 per cent of whales were considered to be killed immediately by this harpoon, with 40 per cent being wounded. However, in Japanese whaling operations, generally only 30 per cent of whales were killed immediately, with 70 per cent being wounded. In both operations, more than six minutes elapsed before half the wounded whales were pronounced dead, with some whales surviving for more than an hour after being harpooned. Many of the long killing times were associated with a failure of a part of the whaling equipment     

Thrombocytopenia Associated With Acute Bovine Virus Diarrhea Infection in Cattle

Thrombocytopenia was observed in 15 of 146 cases of clinically acute bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in adult cattle. Platelet counts ranged from 2,000 to 33,000/microliters. Clinically, a bleeding tendency was manifested by bloody diarrhea, petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhage, epistaxis, and abnormal bleeding from injection sites. Coagulation testing (six cases) gave no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Bone marrow aspirates were suggestive of active marrow necrosis (two cases) or recent repopulation (three cases). Treatment, when given, was supportive and empirical in nature. Six animals experienced complete clinical recoveries; the others died or were euthanatized. Although the pathogenesis of the thrombocytopenia was not definitively determined, thrombocytopenia associated with acute BVDV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis for cattle with bleeding disorders.     

鹅枕静脉窦采血制备抗小鹅瘟血清的试验

对１７０只青年鹅进行了枕静脉窦采血试验，并检测了４次重复大量采血的血清抗体效价及重复采血对试验鹅健康的影响。结果如下：一个抗体效价高峰期内，枕静脉窦４次重复采血（隔日１次或每日１次）所获平均血量（２００ｍＬ）是宰杀采血量（１１０ｍＬ）的１．８倍，而获血清量则达２倍以上。所获血清的抗小鹅瘟病毒效价与宰杀采血的血清相当，对人工感染雏鹅的保护率达１００％。４次重复采血对试鹅健康无明显影响。结果表明，鹅枕     

ESOPHAGEAL DISEASE AS A RESULT OF IMPROPER PATIENT POSITIONING

Three cases of esophageal reflux occurred, one case resulting in perforation of the esophagus. Diagnosis was based on dysphagia, excessive drooling, contrast radiography and surgical findings. Based on known pathophysiological information, it is suggested that the combination of preoperative fast, general anesthesia, dorsal recumbency with head lowered and ovariohysterectomy can all contribute towards reflux of gastric juice into the esophagus. The surgeon can best avoid this rare surgical complication by maintaining the patient in the horizontal supine position.     

Tail Biting in Pigs

One of the costly and welfare-reducing problems in modern pig production is tail biting. Tail biting is an abnormal behaviour, characterized by one pig's dental manipulation of another pig's tail. Tail biting can be classified into two groups: the pre-injury stage, before any wound on the tail is present, and the injury stage, where the tail is wounded and bleeding. Tail biting in the injury stage will reduce welfare of the bitten pig and the possible spread of infection is a health as well as welfare problem. The pigs that become tail biters may also suffer, because they are frustrated due to living in a stressful environment. This frustration may result in an excessive motivation for biting the tails of pen mates. This review aims to summarize recent research and theories in relation to tail biting.