橡胶种子油食用价值的研究

1975—1976年,我们对橡胶种子油的食用价值,在北京劳动卫生研究所试验的基础上作了进一步研究,实验用大白鼠258只,小白鼠125只,分组喂以占饲料10％及20％油量的橡胶种子油。以相应油量的花生油作对照,试验结果如下: 橡胶种子油的营养效能略高于花生油。长期食用橡胶种子油对动物的生长、繁殖、肝功能、血清蛋白、血脂、血钙,以及对肝、肾、心、肺、肠、胃等形态,均无不良影响。细胞遗传学观察结果无潜在的遗传危害。食用10％及20％的橡胶种子油可以降低血脂。试验结果说明橡胶种子油是可以作为食用的新油源。     

橡胶种子油医用的研究

橡胶种子油是富含多价不饱和脂肪的油脂之一,它含亚油酸36％、亚麻酸24％及其他不饱和脂肪酸。近年来,我们证实当正常大白鼠饲以橡胶种子油膳时,其血清胆固醇及甘油三脂均较以普食喂养的大白鼠低。其降脂作用已进一步在实验性高脂血症动物(大白鼠及家兔)和高脂蛋白血症患者身上证实。我们还发现经常食用这种油的人群(至少6个月),血脂水平(不论胆固醇或甘油三脂)均较食用其他油脂的人群低。而且在我们的研究中还证明橡胶种子油不仅能抑制家兔主动脉动脉粥样硬化病变,且在某种程度上加速其消退。对这种降脂效果的可能机理进行了讨论。     

橡胶种子油食入对猕猴体脂脂肪酸组成影响的研究

本文报道了喂养不同油脂对猴血脂和体脂肪酸组成的影响,再次证实橡胶种子油的降血脂作用,并首次证明猕猴体脂的脂肪酸组成受食入胶籽油脂的脂肪酸的明显影响,这些结果为改变饲料成分而改善动物脂肪的脂肪酸组成提供了依据,也为可间断性食用橡胶种子油达到降脂和抗动脉粥样硬化提供了依据。     

橡胶籽的全成分开发与利用

橡胶籽是橡胶树的种子，是橡胶种植业的副产物，其全身都是宝。橡胶籽油、橡胶籽粕、橡胶籽壳等均具较高的开发利用价值。概述了国内外全成分开发橡胶籽的实践，取得的突破性成就，以及存在的问题，展望橡胶籽开发利用的潜力与前景。     

橡胶种子开发利用研究进展

综述了橡胶种子作为繁植材料、制备工业原料、生产饲料，及其在食用及医用等方面的使用现状和存在问题，以期促进橡胶种子开发利用。     

橡胶种子油对猴动脉粥样硬化造型过程中血脂及心功能改变的影响

橡胶种子油是一种富含不饱和脂肪酸的可食用油,通过观测它对猴实验性动脉粥样硬化造型期血脂和心功能的影响证实,橡胶种子油具有降脂作用,且能防止高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL—ch)水平下降。近年来,已证明HDL-ch是一种抗动脉粥样硬化因素。在造型期,橡胶种子油处理组的LDL水平较对照组低,而HDL/TC、HDL/LDL、HDL/(LDL VLDL)比值则比对照组高。我们的实验结果也证明心尖博动图中心室收缩波的异常在对照组更为常见,大多数心收缩间期的各种参数如PEP、IVCT、EMT、LVET、PEP/LVET及IVCT/LVET,在造型结束时,对照组有明显改变,而橡胶种子油处理组则无明显改变。本结果提示橡胶种子油可能有某些抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。     

橡胶种子提取生物柴油的开发利用

橡胶种子是巴西橡胶树种植业的副产品,产量丰富,含油率高,可以提取加工为生物柴油。本文对我国橡胶种子油开发利用的进展和现状及其转换成生物柴油的发展前景进行了综述。     

白苏、紫苏种子油脂肪酸组成及理化性质简介

白苏[Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.]和紫苏[Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.Var.Crispa(Thunb.)Decne]都是属于唇形科紫苏属的植物,一年生直立草本。白苏种子含油量为42.58％,紫苏种子含油量为47.04％。种子油干燥性能与桐油近似,油膜坚靭而有弹性,可作为造漆原料,油亦可食用和制皂、油墨等。为了给更好的利用这一     

细胞分裂素和乙烯对橡胶种子萌发成苗的生理影响

用细胞分裂素和乙烯利预处理橡胶种子,探讨植物内源激素对橡胶种子萌发生理的影响。结果表明,用细胞分裂素─—6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）预处理橡胶种子,提高种子的活力指数;降低外胚乳的总呼吸速率,提高糖酵解─—三羧酸（EMP－TCA）呼吸途径,降低成糖磷酸（HMP）呼吸途径;提高外胚乳的脂肪酶、过氧化氢酶、异柠檬酸裂解酶和蛋白酶活性以及核酸含量。用乙烯利预处理橡胶种子,降低种子的活力指数;提高外胚乳的总呼吸速率并提高HMP呼吸途径和降低EMP－TCA呼吸途径;降低外胚乳脂肪酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶和磷酸酶活性以及核酸含量,提高异柠檬酸裂解酶活性。6-BA和乙烯利都未改变外胚乳抗氰电子传递的比率。     

站立脱胶对亚麻种子的影响

试验结果表明：亚麻工艺成熟后期进行脱胶剂处理，可使亚麻种子产量降低３４％左右，并影响种子发芽率和发芽势，降低种用价值，为确保安全，其种子不能食用，但可加工成工业用油、脱胶剂处理的田间无残效，不影响下茬作物的正常生长发育。虽种子受到影响，但此项技术仍具有较大的经济效益和社会效益 。     

Nutritional evaluation of selected Nigerian rubber seed products – a chemical approach

Four Nigerian rubber seed products (whole and shelled rubber seed flours and oils) were subjected to various chemical analyses to provide a basis for their nutritional evaluation. The shelled rubber seed oil was stored for 4 weeks under different temperatures, light and dark conditions and at water activities of 0.33 and 0.95, to assess changes in some of its indices of nutritional quality. From the results of these studies, it would appear that the rubber seed product can meet, to varying degrees, the recommended daily requirements for various nutrients such as protein, fat and mineral elements. The shelled rubber seed oil also promises to be a valuable edible oil with a very low saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio and which is rich in the essential fatty acid, linoleic acid. Generally, dark storage, non-extreme temperature, and a water activity of 0.33 proved to be relatively effective in maintaining the nutritive aspects of the shelled rubber seed oil.     

Research progresses and prospects of medicated oil dual-purpose crop safflower based on patent mining

Safflower is widely cultivated and used as a dual-purpose medicinal oil worldwide. This research used the incoPat patent database to search the global safflower patents for nearly 20 years, aiming to reveal the development process and current situation of the safflower industry in China and around the world by analyzing patent application trends, patent technology characteristics, advantageous industries and regions, patent quality, etc. The analysis shows that safflower patent applications are generally increasing, and the period 2010-2016 is characterized by the rapid development of patent applications. The technical features of global patents are mainly concentrated in pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics, food and health care, various beverages, animal feed, safflower cultivation and harvesting equipment, and safflower seed oil. During the rapid development of patent applications, safflower was further developed in cosmetics, edible oil, and harvesting equipment. In addition, patent applications in rheumatism and bone diseases have increased, with the potential for development. China is the leading region for researching and developing medicinal safflower patents, especially Shandong and Henan provinces. Foreign patents are more focused on the value development of safflower seed oil in food and chemicals. Compared to the major countries and organizations that apply for safflower patents on a global scale, the quality of Chinese safflower patents is medium, and more awareness of patent protection is required. This paper provides suggestions for the subsequent development of the safflower industry, summarizes and analyzes the development trend of safflower patents, and provides new ideas to obtain innovative patent results.     

The saponins content of some Nigerian oil seeds

Three oil bearing seeds grown in Nigeria were found to contain saponins. The oil seeds, African oil bean seed (Pentaclethra macrophylla) rubber seed (Havea brasilienses), andMucuna uriens were defatted and saponin fractions extracted with 20% aqueous ethanol. Saponins obtained after extraction were 2.1% for African oil bean seed, 1.8% for rubber seed, and 2.1% forMucuna. These figures were similar to that of defatted soyabean with 2.4%. Results are discussed in relation to the possible beneficial or detrimental effects of saponins to man or animals that may consume these oil seeds.     

Lesquerella: New crop development and commercialization in the U.S.

While Lesquerella fendleri Gray (Wats.) is not yet a commercial crop, its history serves as a model for new crop development. The most important characteristic is the absence of any significant biological barriers to commercialization. Other potential crops may have valuable, high-demand products but possess traits difficult to overcome such as seed shattering or poor yield capacity. Lesquerella has a distinctive plant architecture that is conducive to seed productivity under a variety of conditions, and the trait could be further exploited. The plant also has high amounts of within-species and interspecific genetic diversity allowing breeding improvements in traits including oil quantity and quality. The unique seed oil is predominately composed of a hydroxy fatty acid, lesquerolic acid (C20:1OH), that is similar to ricinoleic acid (C18:1OH) found in castor oil. Improvements in agronomics will help increase seed yields, water use efficiency, while reducing crop production costs. New tools offered by remote sensing will help plant breeders and growers assess crop development. Defining herbicides and obtaining registrations for use in lesquerella appears to be the biggest obstacle for commercialization of this crop. The improvements in agronomics, breeding, genetics, and the expansion of new markets started in the 1980's, and has made lesquerella a viable potential crop that could utilize thousands of hectares in arid climates of the world provided research continues.     

Profiling and geographical distribution of seed oil content of sunflower in Ukraine

The sunflower has the potential to be a highly competitive crop owing to its diversity market and the valuable oil it produces. Nevertheless, the amount of sunflower seed oil – a key factor for the crushing industry – is affected by genotype and environment, which sometimes is difficult to predict. The paper analyzes the theoretical principles of sunflower growth in Ukraine, highlights the current trends in the sowing of this crop, the influence of climatic factors of the environment on the prospects of the oilseed sunflower yield. The results of the research are presented for 3 years (2014–2016), during the authors conducted a grain quality observatory at the regional level, taking into account the climatic conditions of sunflower growth in different natural zones of Ukraine (from 45° to 51° north latitude and from 22° to 37° east longitude). Additionally, the research includes the coefficient of significance of the deviation from long-term climatic indicators, which makes it possible to forecast sunflower yield in the future. The analyzed data was obtained from the commercial fields with a minimum area of 40 ​ha in all Ukrainian regions except Crimea peninsula, Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The results obtained in research show the great diversity of oil content index as per both latitude and longitude meaning. If we consider the entire country, this survey shows that the seed oil content can change dramatically from year to year: e.g. 47.5% in one year versus 45.7% in another year. Regionally, these changes have a completely different dynamic with a gradual decrease in seed oil content in the southern part of the country. The main goal of the research was to identify the best sunflower growing areas in Ukraine according to the oil content index.     

巴西橡胶树光合作用研究与展望

橡胶树光合作用的研究对于橡胶树栽培、育种、土肥管理技术发展以及胶园选址都具有重要参考价值。综述胶园橡胶树的群体光合作用以及不同生长发育时期、温度和乙烯利刺激、割胶等对橡胶树光合作用的影响,并讨论了橡胶树光合作用研究中存在的问题和研究前景。     

Breeding prospects of Lunaria annua L.

Lunaria annua is a biennial cruciferous oil seed crop. The seeds contain 30–35% oil, which consists of 67% long chain fatty acids (44% erucic acid, C22:1, and 23% nervonic acid, C24:1). The oil is suitable as lubricant. In addition, recent developments indicate that nervonic acid may be used as raw material for the production of a medicine against multiple sclerosis. The biennial character of Lunaria is a main constraint for an economically feasible production of Lunaria oil. The crop has to be sown early in the summer to achieve vigorous plant development required for vernalization during the winter. It would be a great advance when Lunaria could be sown later in the summer after an early harvested crop. From 1993, breeding research in Lunaria has been performed at CPRO-DLO, Wageningen, The Netherlands. A collection of 76 accessions was maintained and evaluated for agronomic performance. In 1995, a selection of 24 accessions were sown at four sowing dates, from end June until end of August and in 1996, 12 promising accessions were sown again at 15 and 30 July. Three accessions showed suitability for delayed sowing until beginning of August. Delay in sowing time caused also delay of flowering and seed ripening. Seed yield amounted to 1200 kg/ha in 1996 and 1700 kg/ha in 1997. Seed oil content varied from 30–38%. Severe infection of Albugo candida and Alternaria occurred and might have reduced seed yield in both years. Most accessions sustained severe winter frost of−17°C very well. It is concluded that within the evaluated gene pool promising variation is available to select for ability for late sowing, to improve the disease resistance and to increase seed yield and seed oil content.     

Physiological changes during seed development of cuphea

Cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. x C. lanceolata W.T. Aiton, PSR23) is a new oilseed being developed in the north-central USA. Cuphea oil is high in medium-chain fatty acids suitable for detergent/cleaner applications and has potential for use in cosmetics. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of seed development on seed moisture, weight, oil content, fatty acid composition, germination, and vigor. Two thousand cuphea flowers were tagged at anthesis in the field each year at Prosper, ND, in 2004, 2005, and 2006. Each flower that developed into a seed capsule was tagged and labeled with the date of anthesis. Two hundred developed capsules from the labeled flowers were harvested at 3 to 4-day intervals from 5- to 35 days post anthesis corresponding with 37 to 295 growing degree days (GDD). The GDD were calculated using a base temperature of 10 °C. Seed development required approximately 253 GDD or 30 days post anthesis to reach physiological maturity. Maximum seed germination was reached at 33 days post anthesis. Seed oil content increased and oil composition changed as seed matured. Seed oil was high in linoleic and palmitic acids from 0 to 10 days post anthesis and declined thereafter while capric acid began to accumulate at 10 days post anthesis and reached above 70% at physiological maturity.