矮砧苹果树光合速率变化研究

红星苹果树光合速率的季节变化中,有二次高峰,出现在5月和8月,M9、M7砧树的峰值高于山定子砧树.光合速率的日变化中,高峰出现在上午,M9砧树在9时.M7、山定子砧树在11时.M9砧树光饱和点为420001X、M7和山定子砧树为48000—560001X.M9砧树在较低光照强度下利用光能较好,所以能积累较多的光合产物,有利花芽分化、果实发育.M7砧树的光合强度也高于山定子砧树.     

Balance Order and Interpolatory Property of M-band Multiwavelets

The p order balance and interpolatory property is introduced to M band multiwavelets. Balance conditions for M band multiwavelets are investigated in time domain and frequency domain respectively. The balanced order is equal to its approximation order for M band interpolatory multiwavelet.     

陆地棉辐射遗传变异选择效果研究

主要对陆地棉钴60-γ射线辐射M3,M4后代遗传变异及其选择效果进行了研究.M3,M4株系间具有明显的遗传变异,但不同基因型、不同性状间差异明显,产量遗传变异明显大于纤维品质.通过对辐射遗传变异进行选择,可培育综合性状优良的棉花新品种.     

贵州蔷薇属一新变种——光枝无子刺梨

报道中国贵州蔷薇科蔷薇属一新变种:光枝无子刺梨(Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi vat.leioclada M.T.An.Y.Z.Cheng et M.Zhong).     

种植密度对春玉米灌浆期光合特性日变化和光响应曲线及产量的影响

为明确不同种植密度对春玉米灌浆期光合性能日变化以及产量影响的差异性,阐明春玉米灌浆中后期籽粒干物质积累、转运及籽粒产量的形成机制,为春玉米适宜种植密度的选择提供理论依据和实践指导。以春玉米品种广德5为研究对象,分析了不同密度处理对春玉米灌浆期穗位叶光合特性日变化、光响应曲线以及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,随着密度的增加,各处理的净光合速率日变化、气孔导度日变化以及蒸腾速率日变化均呈单峰曲线变化趋势,只是达到峰值的时间存在一定差异;而各密度处理的胞间CO_2浓度日变化则呈先降低后升高的"V"字形曲线变化趋势。不同种植密度的光响应曲线拟合较好,在P 0. 05水平下均达到显著,最大净光合速率以M50处理最大,分别比M40、M45、M55和M60处理提高了24. 28%,15. 41%,18. 41%,3. 13%。籽粒产量以M50处理最大,分别比M40、M45、M55和M60处理高出21. 60%,1. 24%,0. 84%,4. 10%。综合各密度处理下的净光合速率、气孔导度、模拟的最大净光合速率和籽粒产量可看出,广德5适宜种植密度为M50处理(7 5000株/hm~2)。     

我国苜蓿属植物栽培品种的地理分布

我国共有苜蓿属(Medicago)植物13个种、1个变种,其中栽培品种主要是紫苜蓿(M.sativa L.)、野苜蓿(M.sativa L.)、花苜蓿(M.ruthenica(L.)Trautv.)、南苜蓿(M.hispida Gaertn)、天蓝苜蓿(M.lupulina L.)和其他一些一年生苜蓿,其中紫苜蓿(M.sativa L.)栽培最多、分布最广泛.经全国牧草品种审定委员会审定登记的苜蓿品种有36个,其中地方品种17个、育成品种17个、引进品种及野生栽培品种各1个.并在我国栽培品种可划分为6大种植区划的基础上,将地方品种划分为7个生态类型,育成品种划分为5种育种类型,而引进品种则非常多样化.如此丰富的种质资源不仅将在牧草的栽培选育过程中起到重要的作用,并对大力发展我国的苜蓿产业也有非常重要的意义.     

新的小麦抗病亲本宛抗号

河南省南阳地区农科所对法国抗源V.P.M系统进行详细分析鉴定,以V.P.M991为改造对象,于1982年配组合(7107/大姆指矮//百农79-2/3/V.P.M991),经7年选育出宛抗号小麦抗病亲本。其中有47个类型,不仅保留了V.P.M原有的抗病性,且农艺性状显著改观,现就四个最好的材料予以介绍。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO KINDS OF MARKUSEVIC-DECOMPOSITION IN BANACH SPACE

Norming M - decomposition and strong M -decomposition are introduced, and their characterization are given. The necessary and sufficient condition that the generalized biorthogonal system becomes unconditional Schauder decomplsiton is acquired.     

"范尼"甲基磺酸乙酯诱变体系的建立和M4代干旱敏感突变体筛选

利用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理亚麻"范尼"建立诱变体系,获得突变体库.对突变材料进行耐旱性筛选,为亚麻抗旱选育奠定基础.采用不同浓度EMS和处理时间诱变"范尼"种子,根据M1代半致死率确定最佳诱变体系,M2代种子单株收获至M4代.在15％和18％的PEG-6000浓度处理下,分别对7个"范尼"M4代突变体植株的萌发期和...     

Effect of silicon on the eutectic carbides in as-heated M2 high speed steel

The effect of silicon on the eutectic carbides in as-heated M2 high speed steels is investigated by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction analysis. The high speed steel ingots with different silicon additions are produced by electroslag remelting process (the mass content of silicon is 0.3%, 0.8%, 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively). The ingots are annealed at 780 ℃ for 10 h and heated at 1 165 ℃ for 2.5 h. The results show that the eutectic carbides distributed in the dendrites with continuous or semi-continuous net-shape in the as-annealed ingots. The eutectic carbides change from lamellar-like M2C to herringbone-like M6C with the increase of silicon content. After 2.5 h heating at 1 165 ℃, the lamellar-like M2C decomposes into granular M6C and MC, and the size of granules in M2 high speed steel ingot with 0.8%Si addition is smaller than that in the 0.3%Si. Whereas herringbone-like M6C is unchanged during heating treatment, and coarse primary blocky carbides which are harmful for properties still exists after the deformation.     

Cell lines and plants obtained after protoplast fusions of Rosa+Rosa,Rosa+Prunus and Rosa+Rubus

Summary Protoplasts of three Rosa cultivars were fused with each other, with protoplasts of Prunus `Colt' and with protoplasts of Rubus laciniatus, using polyethylene glycol 4000 as a fusogen. Protoplasts of Prunus were incapable of cell division and those of Rosa and Rubus were disabled by treatments with metabolic inhibitors, either iodoacetate (IOA) or rhodamine 6-G (R6G). Parental protoplasts were then fused in combinations that required complementation for their survival. RAPD analysis of 41 fusion-derived cell lines showed that two lines resulting from fusions of Rosa + Rosa and one from a fusion of Rosa + Prunus, contained some DNA markers from both fusion partners. The others contained markers of only one fusion parent. This showed that after protoplast fusion, the heterokaryons did not develop into cell lines with stable hybrid nuclei. Plants regenerated from cell lines derived from Rosa + Prunus and Rosa + Rubus fusions contained DNA markers of only Rosa and their DNA amounts were no greater than that of the Rosa parent. However, they differed morphologically from the Rosa parent to a remarkable degree, possibly because they inherited undetected genes of Prunus or Rubus, or because they were somaclonal variants of the Rosa parent. Alternative strategies for the production of somatic hybrids are discussed.     

Embryo rescue in Rosa hybrida L.

Summary Two crosses between Rosa hybrida L. cultivars, that fail to produce progenies by conventional means, were carried out. In one of them, total hip abscision occured seven weeks after pollination; in the other one, only 2% of the fertilized hips remained on the plants after eleven weeks. Four- and five-week-old fertilized ovules were isolated in the first cross and six-week-old embryos in the second. The ovules were cultured on six media which differed in their mineral salt and sucrose concentrations while the embryos were cultured on only one of these media and eventually cold treated for one month at 4° C before being placed in a culture room set at 23° C. The embryos that had been isolated in ovulo when they were still not visible under a binocular lens developed atypically. The embryos isolated in ovulo when they were heart-shaped and on average 0.27 mm long performed in ovulo germination on some media and/or enlargement on all of them after two weeks; after another two week culture, once isolated from the ovule, all of them germinated. The cultured isolated embryos, that were exposed to cold, enlarged and germinated more rapidly when placed at 23° C than those not exposed to cold. Furthermore, the plantlets resulting from untreated embryo germination were characterized by large cotyledons which were only partially green. These results are discussed in regard to embryogenesis, precocious germination and dormancy.     

Isozyme polymorphism of Rosa spp. and cultivar identification

In order to study the polymorphism of the enzyme systems of rose cultivars, experimental conditions were determined to simultaneously extract three systems: esterase (EST), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) which gave up to 9, 7 and 9 bands, respectively. The influence of environmental conditions on the polymorphism level was taken into account. Finally, the computation of the Jaccard distances from the distribution of the isozyme bands led to the improvement of the identification process within an Ancient Rose cultivar collection. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

运用生物信息学方法鉴别中药材易混品种月季和玫瑰研究

目的:利用GenBank核酸数据库中ITS 2序列鉴定中药材易混品种月季和玫瑰.方法:运用分析相似性搜索法(BLASTI),在GenBank核酸数据库序列比,下载易混淆品种ITS 2序列,应用MEGA 5.0软件计算种内(K2P)遗传距离和(NJ)系统进化树.结果:月季和玫瑰品种序列长度在238～241 bp之间;序列GC含量差异较小,平均为41.8％,其中玫瑰Rosa.rugosa.,GC最高含量51.4％.(NJ)系统进化树结果表明,月季和玫瑰能将混淆品种区分开来,单独聚为一类.结论:ITS 2条形码适用于中药材玫瑰和月季的鉴别,为药材质量和用药安全提供鉴定依据.     

月季育种技术研究进展

月季育种技术近年来有了长足的发展并取得了丰硕的成果, 通过对引种筛选育种、 杂交育种、 芽变育种、 诱变育种、 分子育种等主要育种技术近年来国内外研究成果的报道, 总结了各育种技术的特点及应用情况, 并进行了展望, 提出将分子育种技术的先进手段与传统的杂交育种技术相结合, 并且注重国际交流以学习先进技术和经验, 同时深入对月季发育的细胞学及分子生物学机理的研究, 才能更有效地获得新品种的观点, 以期为月季育种工作提供参考, 缩小与国际先进水平的差距。     

不同刺梨品种的光合特性

对刺梨的5个重要品种：贵农1号、贵农2号、贵农5号、贵农6号和贵农7号的营养枝和结果枝叶片的光合速率、光补偿点和光饱和点进行了测定。结果表明，叶片光合速率（Pn）由强到弱的顺序为：贵农6号〉贵农7号〉贵农2号〉贵农1号〉贵农5号；坐果情况会对光合速率产生重要影响，结果枝叶片的Pn高于营养枝叶片的Pn。各品种光补偿点由低到高为贵农2号〈贵农7号〈贵农1号〈贵农5号〈贵农6号；光饱和点由高到低为贵农7号、贵农2号〉贵农1号、贵农5号〉贵农6号，较低的光补偿点、较高的光饱和点是刺梨品种丰产的一般特点。     

Resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi,M. fallax and M. hapla in wild tuber-bearing Solanum spp.

Summary Over 5000 plants from 64 tuber-bearing wild Solanum spp. have been individually screened for resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax and M. hapla. Seedlings were analyzed by means of counting number of egg masses and resistance was verified by retesting low-scoring plants using stem cuttings. Resistance to both M. chitwoodi and M. fallax was observed in S. bulbocastanum, S. cardiophyllum, S. brachistotrichum, S. fendleri and S. hougasii. Only in S. chacoense and to a lesser extent in S. stoloniferum and S. gourlayi differential results between M. chitwoodi and M. fallax were observed. Resistance to M. hapla was found in S. bulbocastanum, S. brachistotrichum, S. cardiophyllum, S. arnezii, S. chacoense, S. tarijense, S. boliviense, S. gourlayi, S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. spegazzinii, S. sucrense, S. acaule and S. hougasii. The occurrence of resistance in wild Solanum species in relation to their taxonomic status and the implications for introgression of resistance into S. tuberosum are discussed.     

黔西南州无子刺梨优质栽培技术

无子刺梨为贵州特有刺梨种,具有较高的药用价值和保健功能。通过作者试验示范,从扦插育苗、定植、施肥、整形修剪、病虫害防治、采收等方面总结了无子刺梨的优质栽培技术。     

‘月月粉’和野蔷薇花青素合成酶基因的鉴定与表达分析

植物花青素是一种天然的黄酮类水溶性植物色素,对于植物的花和果实的花色决定具有重要作用,花青素在植物体内的生物合成途径研究相对较清楚。但在蔷薇属植物中花青素合成酶基因的功能分析相对较少,通过序列比对和进化树分析鉴定‘月月粉’(Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’,用OB表示)和野蔷薇(Rosa multiflora)中花青素合成酶基因各14个。通过序列比较发现野蔷薇和OB中对应的同源基因序列相似性很高,表明这些基因的保守性很强,但表达谱分析显示这些基因在两个物种中的差异较大,暗示其调控序列可能变异程度较大。通过检测一个野蔷薇自然突变单株中红花和白花中的花青素合成酶基因的表达,推测有部分花青素合成酶基因可能在花青素合成反馈调节中具有重要作用。通过分析启动子序列中顺式作用元件推测OB中花青素合成酶可能受蔗糖和不同激素的调控。本研究可为揭示蔷薇属植物花青素合成调控的分子机制提供依据。