简讯“福建稻种资源保存、鉴定、研究与利用”通过省级技术鉴定

福建省农业科学院稻麦研究所品资室完成的“福建稻种资源保存、鉴定、研究与利用”研究项目在 2 0 0 3年 1月 5日通过省级科技成果鉴定。本项目的主要研究成果如下 :1 .广泛征集各种类型的稻种资源 ,使福建省水稻地方品种得到补征 ,挽救了濒临灭绝的本省老品种。现有保存包括国内外稻种资源及本省地方稻种和野生稻共 60 1 0份 ,丰富了我国栽培稻和野生稻资源的基因库 ,对保护我国水稻遗传多样性具有深远的意义。并研究出一种新的种子贮存方法 - -用石腊封口西林瓶种子贮存法。2 .先后对 60 0 0多份的稻种资源进行 65项植物学形态特征、主要…     

海南稻种种质资源系统调查与收集

根据“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”的要求，为了摸清海南岛稻种种质资源分布，2017—2021年，海南调查队开展了稻种种质资源的调查和收集工作。调查收集到普通水稻、香稻、黑米稻、糯稻、红米稻、山栏稻等6种稻种种质资源，共计109份。调查发现，海南稻种种质资源集中分布在白沙县、儋州、保亭、三亚市等中西部市县，相较于“第二次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”的种质资源，增加了位于琼中、五指山、琼海、昌江、东方、乐东、文昌、海口市琼山区、儋州、白沙等10个市县区的29份资源。本次行动抢救性收集了一批古老地方稻种品种、濒危资源，丰富了已有记录种分布区域。本研究对海南岛稻种地方品种资源有了系统认识，为深入研究海南稻种资源打下了基础，为下一步新品种选育和应用提供参考。     

国外稻种资源在福建的引进、评价与利用

介绍了国外稻种资源在福建省的引进情况,并对引进水稻种质资源进行60多个农艺性状以及抗病虫性、抗逆境等特征特性鉴定评价,筛选出一批农艺性状特异（如大穗大粒品种）、抗病虫害、耐低磷、耐低钾和耐寒性强的种质资源。同时介绍了福建在水稻育种中利用国外稻种资源的主要成就。     

海南山栏稻资源调查收集及其发展建议

为了加强海南特有地方稻种资源山栏稻的保护和研究,对海南山栏稻的分布、面积以及主要特征进行了调查鉴定。目前山栏稻主要分布在琼中、白沙和乐东等中西部山区,种植面积约700 hm~2。在海南澄迈的种质资源保存圃对收集的114份山栏稻资源的主要农艺性状进行了田间鉴定,对山栏稻的发展利用提出了建议。     

我国稻种资源的保存、鉴定评价、利用与发展

本文主要介绍我国稻种资源的保存、鉴定评价和利用情况,根据稻种资源研究现状以及当前水稻生产的需 要,提出今后稻种资源的研究方向。     

福建优异稻种资源

福建优异稻种资源王金英，江川，陈卫伟，邹雪玉（福建省农科院稻麦所，福州３５００１６）（福建省农科院生物中心）（长乐市农业局）福建稻作历史悠久，蕴有丰富的水稻品种资源。邓世纪３０年代已开展稻种资源的调查和检定，共收集保存地方品种４０２５份，可惜文革期间...     

海南山栏稻种质资源的保护与利用

山栏稻是黎族人民二千多年原始的刀耕火种农耕文化延续下来的稻种，是宝贵的遗传资源，但这一资源面临濒危，亟需保护。本文综述山栏稻种质资源保护和利用研究进展，分析了目前存在的问题，并提出保护和利用的建议。     

四川稻种资源对两病两虫抗性鉴定

１９８７￣１９９０年，对３２５５份四川地方稻种资源进行了抗稻瘟、白叶枯、褐飞虱和白背飞虱鉴定。筛选了一些高抗、双抗（中抗）、多抗（中抗）的资源，可供育种利用。     

中国普通野生稻的原地保护及其遗传多样性研究进展

普通野生稻是亚洲栽培稻的祖先种,是重要的稻种资源。介绍了中国普通野生稻的分布和原地保护现状,综述了中国普通野生稻的遗传多样性评价和交配系统研究进展。     

基于SSILP、InDel和SSR标记的杂草稻籼粳分类

 采用40对SSILP、30对InDel和43对SSR标记对来自斯里兰卡的28份杂草稻和14栽培稻,来自国内外的9份籼型栽培稻、7份粳型栽培稻和4份代表性杂草稻进行遗传多样性分析。SSILP、InDel和SSR标记分别检测到84、61和213个等位基因,其平均多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为0.257、0.255和0.543。聚类分析显示供试的42份斯里兰卡杂草稻和栽培稻均为籼型。SSILP与InDel标记的相关性很高（r=0.989）,而它们与SSR标记相关性较低（0.812和0.808）。结果表明,SSILP和InDel标记可高效鉴别各类稻种资源的籼粳属性,而SSR标记更适用于亚种内的分类。     

早熟丰产机采棉花品种——新石K26

主要介绍新石K26的选育过程、生物学特性、产量、纤维品质、抗病性及栽培技术要点。     

长江流域棉花轻简高效种植技术探讨

长江流域棉区是中国三大主要产棉区之一。近年来,受劳动力成本上升,棉花用工繁多、比较效益下降,以及生产中机械化、信息化程度低等因素影响,当地棉花种植面积急剧萎缩。为改变现状,从棉花品种、轻简化机械化管理技术、绿色高效栽培技术以及现代农业信息化智能化技术等方面进行了分析,探讨了长江流域棉花轻简高效种植技术措施及研究方向,为长江流域棉花产业持续发展提供参考。     

Effects of application of nitrogen fertilizer on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures in south-western Victoria, Australia

Effects of timing and rate of N fertilizer application on concentrations of P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in herbage from perennial ryegrass/white clover pastures were studied at two sites in south-western Victoria, Australia. Nitrogen fertilizer (0, 15, 25, 30, 45 and 60 kg ha^–1) was applied as urea in mid-April, early May, mid-May, early June and mid-June 1996 to pastures grazed by dairy cows. At Site 1, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, K, S, Mg and Cl concentrations in herbage and a linear decrease in Ca concentration. For all times of application, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg and Cl in herbage increased by 0·0048, 0·08, −0·010, 0·0013 and 0·053 g kg^–1 dry matter (DM) per kg N applied respectively. For S concentration, maximum responses occurred in mid-May (0·012 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied). At Site 2, N fertilizer resulted in a linear increase in P, S and Na concentrations in herbage, a linear decrease in Ca concentration and a curvilinear increase in K and Cl concentration. The maximum responses for P, S and K concentrations in herbage occurred for the N application in mid-June and were 0·015, 0·008 and 0·47 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied respectively. For Cl concentration, the maximum response occurred for the N application in early June and was 0·225 g kg^–1 DM per kg N applied. Overall, applications of N fertilizer up to 60 kg ha^–1 did not alter herbage mineral concentration to levels that might affect pasture growth or animal health.     

Characterization of starches of proso,foxtail, barnyard,kodo, and little millets

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ^° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets.     

氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响

 采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。     

Milling,functional and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat,rye, triticale,barley and oat

The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm.