播期推迟对冬小麦产量形成和籽粒品质的调控效应

为了明确推迟播期对小麦产量形成和品质的影响,选用2个冬小麦品种(轮选987和京冬8号),在大田条件下研究了播期推迟对小麦群体动态、物质积累、产量构成和籽粒品质的调控效应.结果表明,播期推迟能显著降低小麦冬前分蘖数,促进春季分蘖的发生和成穗,提高分蘖成穗率.播期对小麦植株干物质积累的影响存在基因型差异.播期推迟引起小麦产量构成因素的变化,进而导致籽粒产量下降,且京冬8号出现显著下降时对应的播期早于轮选987.播期推迟后小麦籽粒中的淀粉含量呈下降趋势,蛋白质含量呈上升趋势,同时二者的主要组成成份也随之改变.因此,冀东地区选用轮选987且适当早播(10月5日播种)可以获得高产;推迟播期至10月10日则籽粒品质提高,但要注意加强小麦生育后期的田间管理,防止粒重明显降低.     

气象条件对不同品质类型春小麦磨粉品质的影响

以3个不同品质类型春小麦品种为材料,在不同分期播种试验基础上,探讨了气象条件对春小麦磨粉品质的影响。结果表明,各品种容重与各出粉率因基因型不同而呈现出不同的特点,且受气象条件的影响因基因型的不同也呈现一定的差异。在水分适宜前提下,在较高的光温互作条件基础上,气温日较差是影响各品种容重的最敏感因素,光合有效辐射是影响各品种总出粉率的最敏感因素。     

生态环境和播期对小麦籽粒产量及品质性状间相关性的影响

为了解不同生态环境下小麦产量与品质性状间的相关性及其受主要气候生态因子影响的变化规律,选用6个不同类型小麦品种在5个不同生态点分期播种。研究结果表明,小麦产量与品质性状间的相关性在不同品种、不同生态点与不同播期条件下存在显著差异。在6个小麦品种中,淀粉含量与面粉筋力间存在负相关关系。南京与姜堰两地在提高小麦品质时产量水平相应降低,而徐州、泰安与保定三地可以同步增加产量与蛋白质含量,但面粉筋力与烘烤品质不能保证相应的提高。晚播与早播、适播相比,蛋白质含量虽有所增加,但产量与其它品质性状都有所下降。随着灌浆期日均温的升高以及日较差的增大,蛋白质含量与沉淀值的相关系数减小;灌浆期间日较差越大,蛋白质含量与千粒重的相关性以及淀粉含量与沉淀值间的相关性均由负相关逐渐趋向于正相关;随灌浆期间的总日照时数增加,淀粉含量与沉淀值间的相关系数增大,由负相关逐渐变为正相关。因此,在小麦生态育种和调优栽培研究中,需要重视不同生态环境因子对小麦籽粒品质性状影响的不同步性。     

播期和密度对冬小麦豫麦49-198群体性状和产量的影响

为给豫麦49-198大面积推广选择适宜栽培措施,设置播期和密度各3个水平,通过大田裂区试验研究了播期和密度对该品种群体性状、产量及其构成因素的影响.结果表明,通过播期和密度变化可以调控群体性状,最高群体茎数随播期推迟和种植密度减小而下降,早播(10月5日)的最终成穗数较少;最大叶面积指数随播期推迟而下降,孕穗后早播的叶面积指数衰减较快;就花后干物质积累而言,播期间适播(10月12日)＞晚播(10月19日)＞早播(10月5日).不同播期和密度处理对籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响达显著水平,并且密度对产量构成因素的影响大于播期.3个播期中,适播的产量显著高于早播,但与晚播的差异不显著;密度间以中密度(195万/ha)产量最高,低密度(120万/ha)最低,两者差异达显著水平,但中密度与高密度(270万/ha)的产量差异不显著.根据本试验结果可以得出,豫麦49-198维持最大叶面积指数9.5和干物质积累量21 000 kg/ha左右时,籽粒产量可以突破9 000 kg/ha,相对应的适宜播期和种植密度为10月中旬和195万～270万/ha.     

两种土壤贮水条件下灌水对豫麦50籽粒品质性状及产量的调控效应

为了给弱筋小麦田间水分管理提供合理依据，以弱筋小麦品种豫麦50为材料．在池栽防雨务件下研究了两种土壤贮水条件下灌水对小麦籽粒品质性状及产量的影响。结果表明。在底墒充足条件下，豫麦50籽粒主要品质性状优于底墒不足的品质性状。灌水对底墒不足条件下品质性状的影响大于对底墒充足务件下的影响，且各个品质性状受影响的程度不同。在底墒充足条件下以全生育期灌4水的弱筋小麦品质最优，抽穗期灌1水次之；而在底墒不足时全生育期灌4水和全生育期不灌水多数品质性状较优。底墒充足条件下的小麦籽粒产量、耗水量均高于底墒不足的产量和耗水量，而水分利用效率则较低；两种土壤贮水条件下的耗水量均随灌水次数增加而增加，而水分利用效率则降低；产量随灌水次数增加而增加，但灌水过量反而降低。据此提出了麦播前贮好底墒的重要性，以及不同底墒每件下小麦高产优质高效栽培的水分运筹建议。     

Wheat quality and productivity as affected by varieties and sowing time in Haryana, India

Of the wheat grown in North-West India the majority is consumed as traditional Indian flat bread (chapatti). Chapatti quality is important to consumers and people are willing to pay more for better quality wheat flour, but farmers do not specifically target quality outcomes as the majority of their wheat is sold with no segregation. For farmers the main objective is to harvest maximum yields, but in the last decade productivity growth for wheat yields has slowed in the areas where the wheat is grown in a double cropping pattern. Nutrient depletion and temperature-related stress are possible causes for this decline in productivity growth. Farmers meanwhile are looking to opportunities to maintain profitability and, with consumers willing to pay a higher price for better chapatti wheat, an opportunity exists for farmers to manage their wheat to improve both the yield as well as quality of wheat. In this paper we evaluate management practices that best achieve high yield and better chapatti quality, and assess the temperature environment for the winter wheat growing season. A step-wise analysis of the long-term temperature trend for sites in NW India showed that mean annual temperature has increased by 0.7-1.0 °C during the last decade. Field experiments with wheat varieties (C-306, WH-283, DBW-17, PBW-343, PBW-502, PBW-550, Raj-3765 and WH-1025) were conducted at farmers’ fields under 4 different sequential cropping rotations for the 2007-08 and 2008-09 winter seasons in Haryana (India). C-306 and WH-283 are varieties with excellent chapatti quality but are lower yielding by 15-26% than the more widely grown varieties such as PBW-343 and PBW-502. The replicated experiments involved three sowing times, these being an early sowing (late October to early November, timely sowing (mid November) and a late sowing (early December). A differential response of varieties was observed to sowing time with the yield of C-306 better whereas that of WH-283 and Raj-3765 was poor in early sown conditions. The varieties DBW-17, PBW-343 and PBW-502 were the highest yielding wheat with similar performance under early as well as timely sowing. All the varieties had lowest yield in December sowing. In general, late sowing had lower thousand grain weight but higher protein content. Of the quality measure grain hardness was the only attribute with a consistent positive correlation with chapatti quality. The chapatti score was higher for varieties C-306 and WH-283 compared to the other varieties but grain hardness and chapatti score was not much affected by sowing time. With all varieties included in the analysis there was no correlation between protein and chapatti score, but within an individual variety usually higher protein resulted in a higher chapatti score. There was no association of grain test weight or sedimentation value with chapatti score. From the results shown here it is evident that farmers will be able to manage with variety choice and timely sowing to obtain chapatti quality without losing grain yield benefits.     

水热条件对高海拔地区旱地春小麦籽粒增长的影响

为了探索气候条件变化对农作物生长发育的影响,2009-2010年采用分期播种研究了高海拔旱作区不同气候背景下春小麦籽粒增长对水、热条件变化的响应。结果表明,在高海拔地区春小麦籽粒增长呈"S"型变化,最大增长量出现在乳熟期前后。灌浆期间积温、降水量与累积生长量相关达极显著水平。在春小麦籽粒增长期间,积温每增加50℃.d,累积生长量增加2.3g.株-1.d-1,降水量每增加10mm,累积生长量增加1.4g.株-1.d-1。灌浆期间0～100cm土层有效水分贮存量与春小麦千粒重相关达显著水平,0～10cm土层有效水分贮存量每增加10mm,小麦千粒重增加3.6g。灌浆日数与最终千粒重相关达极显著水平,灌浆日数每增加1d,最终千粒重增加0.01g,灌浆时间延长千粒重增加。不同播期最终千粒重与实测产量相关系数为0.916,相关达极显著水平,千粒重每增加1g,产量增加81.73kg.hm-2。根据籽粒增长特点和不同气候条件提出了种植应对措施。     

Effect of the grain protein content locus Gpc-B1 on bread and pasta quality

Grain protein concentration (GPC) affects wheat nutritional value and several critical parameters for bread and pasta quality. A gene designated Gpc-B1, which is not functional in common and durum wheat cultivars, was recently identified in Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. The functional allele of Gpc-B1 improves nitrogen remobilization from the straw increasing GPC, but also shortens the grain filling period resulting in reduced grain weight in some genetic backgrounds. We developed isogenic lines for the Gpc-B1 introgression in six hexaploid and two tetraploid wheat genotypes to evaluate its effects on bread-making and pasta quality. In common wheat, the functional Gpc-B1 introgression was associated with significantly higher GPC, water absorption, mixing time and loaf volume, whereas in durum wheat, the introgression resulted in significant increases in GPC, wet gluten, mixing time, and spaghetti firmness, as well as a decrease in cooking loss. On the negative side, the functional Gpc-B1 introgression was associated in some varieties with a significant reduction in grain weight, test weight, and flour yield and significant increases in ash concentration. Significant gene × environment and gene × genotype interactions for most traits stress the need for evaluating the effect of this introgression in particular genotypes and environments.     

Combined mutations in five wheat STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II genes improve resistant starch but affect grain yield and bread-making quality

Increases in the proportion of amylose in the starch of wheat grains result in higher levels of resistant starch, a fermentable dietary fiber associated with human health benefits. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of combined mutations in five STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II (SBEII) genes on starch composition, grain yield and bread-making quality in two hexaploid wheat varieties. Significantly higher amylose (∼60%) and resistant starch content (10-fold) was detected in the SBEII mutants than in the wild-type controls. Mutant lines showed a significant decrease in total starch (6%), kernel weight (3%) and total grain yield (6%). Effects of the mutations in bread-making quality included increases in grain hardness, starch damage, water absorption and flour protein content; and reductions in flour extraction, farinograph development and stability times, starch viscosity, and loaf volume. Several traits showed significant interactions between genotypes, varieties, and environments, suggesting that some of the negative impacts of the combined SBEII mutations can be ameliorated by adequate selection of genetic background and growing location. The deployment of wheat varieties with increased resistant starch will likely require economic incentives to compensate growers and millers for the significant reductions detected in grain and flour yields.     

施肥和群体密度对春小麦产量与品质形成的调控效应

为给春小麦养分科学管理提供参考,采用大田小区试验,以春小麦品种龙麦26和克旱16为材料,研究了肥料施用量对小麦不同密度群体籽粒产量与品质形成的调控效应。结果表明,施肥与群体密度对春小麦产量具有明显的互作效应。低施肥水平下,春小麦产量随群体密度的增加而增加;中高施肥水平下,产量随群体密度增加出现波动,但均高于低施肥水平的产量。群体密度的增加降低了收获穗数饱和度、穗粒数及籽粒面筋含量,但增加了籽粒容重;施肥量的增加提高了穗粒数、千粒重和面筋含量;群体密度和施肥量对小麦加工品质的影响较为复杂,且对不同基因型品种的调控效应不同。     

Using stress tolerance indicator (STI) to select high grain yield iron-deficiency tolerant wheat genotypes in calcareous soils

Despite large variation among crop genotypes in response to Fe fertilization, there is no reliable indicator for identifying Fe-deficiency tolerant wheat genotypes with high grain yield. The aim of this investigation was to compare the grain yield response of 20 spring and 30 winter bread wheat genotypes to Fe fertilization under field conditions and to select high grain yield Fe-deficiency tolerant genotypes using a stress tolerance indicator (STI). Two individual trials, each one consisting two field plot experiments, were conducted during 2006–2007 and 2007–2008 growing seasons. Spring wheat genotypes (Trial l) and winter wheat genotypes (Trial 2) were planted at two different locations. Two Fe rates (0 and 20 kg Fe ha⁻¹ as Fe-EDTA) were applied. Spring and winter wheat genotypes differed significantly (P < 0.01) in the grain yield both with and without added Fe treatments. Application of Fe fertilizer increased grain yield of spring wheat genotypes by an average of 211 and 551 kg ha⁻¹ in Karaj and Isfahan locations, respectively. By Fe application, the mean grain yield of winter wheat genotypes increased 532 and 798 kg ha⁻¹ in Karaj and Isfahan sites, respectively. Iron efficiency (Fe-EF) significantly differed among wheat genotypes and ranged from 65% to 113% for spring wheat and from 69% to 125% for winter wheat genotypes. No significant correlation was found between Fe-EF and grain yield of spring wheat genotypes under Fe deficient conditions. For winter wheat genotypes grown in Mashhad, Fe-efficiency was not significantly correlated with the grain yield produced without added Fe treatment. The STI was significantly (P < 0.01) varied among spring and winter wheat genotypes. The interaction between location and genotype had no significant effect on the STI. According to these results, the STI should be considered as an effective criterion for screening programs, if a high potential grain yield together with more stable response to Fe fertilization in different environments is desired.     

无机与有机肥配施对小麦籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响

为了阐明天田条件下无机与有机肥配施对小麦籽粒产量和品质的调控效应,以中筋型小麦品种豫麦49-198为供试材料,研究了施用有机肥、无机与有机肥配施以及施用尿素处理对小麦籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性的影响.结果表明,无杌与有机肥配施不仅可以显著提高小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量及蛋白质产量.还可以改善小麦淀粉糊化特性.综合各处理结果,施用有机肥以鸡粪处理、无机与有机肥配施以鸡粪+尿素处理对提高小麦籽粒产量、改善小麦淀粉糊化特性的效果较好.     

播期和密度对玉米子粒机收主要性状的影响

以京农科728为试验材料,设置5个播期、5个密度处理,研究播期和密度对玉米子粒机收主要性状影响。结果表明,不同播期条件下,京农科728产量6 723.0~7 972.5 kg/hm~2,6月10日、6月15日、6月20日3个播期产量达7 500 kg/hm~2以上,子粒机收主要质量指标(子粒含水率、杂质率)达到国家玉米机收子粒标准。不同密度条件下,以75 000株/hm~2密度处理子粒产量最高,达到国家玉米机收子粒标准。京农科728在5个播期处理条件下均能正常成熟,生育期随播期推迟呈缩短趋势;随种植密度增加,其生育期呈延长趋势。株高和穗位高随播期推迟及种植密度增加呈升高趋势;倒伏率随播期推迟呈降低趋势,随种植密度增加呈升高趋势。播期和密度与玉米子粒机收性状密切相关,京农科728在北京夏播以6月10~20日为最佳播期,75 000株/hm~2为最佳密度,可实现子粒直接机械收获。     

播期和播量对滴灌冬小麦群体性状及产量的影响

为了给滴灌冬小麦种植选择适宜的播期和播量组合, 以两个冬小麦品种新冬22号和新冬27号为材料,设置2个播期（9月27日和10月7日）和3个播量（150、225和300 kg·hm^-2）,通过大田裂区试验研究了播期和播量对滴灌冬小麦的群体性状、产量以及产量构成的影响。结果表明,冬前总茎数、返青后总茎数、成熟期收获穗数和主茎穗比重均随播量的增大而增加,且不同播量间差异显著;播期推迟,出苗数、冬前总茎数和返青后总茎数均降低。各处理均在孕穗期叶面积指数达到最大,且孕穗后10月7日播种的冬小麦叶面积指数下降比较慢。适当晚播有利于花后同化物和花前贮藏同化物在花后向籽粒的转运。播期和播量对滴灌冬小麦产量及其构成影响显著性,在10月7日播种、播种量为225 kg·hm^-2处理下产量达到最高。     

Phenotypic plasticity of yield and agronomic traits in cereals and rapeseed at high latitudes

In the northernmost European environments of Finland, large variability in the yield and quality of crops is a critical source of uncertainty for growers and end-users of grain. The aims of this study were (i) to quantify and compare the plasticity, i.e., cultivar responsiveness to environment, in yield of spring oat, spring wheat, six-row barley, two-row barley, winter rye, winter wheat, turnip rape and oilseed rape, (ii) to explore the existence of hierarchies or positive correlations in the plasticity of agronomic, yield and quality traits and (iii) to probe for trends in yield plasticity associated with different eras of breeding for yield potential and agronomic traits. Plasticities of yield, agronomic and quality traits were derived as slopes of norms of reaction using MTT Agrifood Research Finland data sets combining long-term (1970-2008 for cereals and 1976-2008 for rapeseed) results from 15 to 26 locations. Plasticity of yield ranged typically between 0.8 and 1.2, was smallest for six-row barley (0.84-1.11) and largest for winter rye (0.72-1.36). We found two types of associations between plasticity of yield and yield under stressful or favourable conditions for cereals but none for rape. In spring wheat, oat and six-row barley, high yield plasticity was associated with crop responsiveness to favourable conditions rather than yield reductions under stressful conditions. Modern spring wheat cultivars had higher maximum grain yields compared to older ones at the same level of plasticity. In winter wheat and rye, high yield plasticity resulted from the combination of high yield in favourable conditions and low yield in stressful environments. Many associations between yield plasticity and other traits were identified in cereals: e.g., high yield plasticity was often associated with higher grain weight, more grains per square meter, later maturity (contrary to turnip rape), shorter plants, less lodging and lower grain protein content and in winter cereals with higher winter damage.     

小麦籽粒性状与产量和品质的数量化关系

为了探索小麦籽粒性状与产量和品质的定量关系,用数量化理论Ⅰ的方法,对四川30个小麦新品系的籽粒性状与产量和品质进行了相关、偏相关和回归分析.结果表明,(1)籽粒颜色和饱满度与产量及品质性状的相关和偏相关均不显著;籽粒质地与湿面筋含量、粗蛋白含量相关极显著,与容重和降落值相关显著,但偏相关均不显著;籽粒重量与降落值相关显著,但偏相关不显著.(2)从回归系数看,红皮小麦有利于产量、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值和稳定时间的提高,而白皮小麦可以增加容重、降落值和延展性;与粉质小麦相比,角质和半角质使小麦产量降低,角质小麦有利于提高容重、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、降落值和延展性;籽粒饱满程度较低,将使产量、粗蛋白含量和沉淀值减少;大粒重小麦有利于增加沉淀值,但使湿面筋含量、降落值、稳定时间和延展性降低.(3)根据数量化理论Ⅰ建立的回归方程,用小麦籽粒性状来预测湿面筋含量、粗蛋白含量、容重和降落值的效果较好,但对产量和其他品质性状预测的可靠性很低.在小麦育种中,可以根据小麦籽粒性状来选择粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、容重和降落值等品质指标.     

不同水稻品种在高温逼熟下的表现及其与气象因子的关系

【目的】随着全球气候变暖的加剧,灌浆期高温逼熟对水稻产量和品质的威胁日趋严重,明确水稻不同耐热性品种对灌浆期高温逼熟的反应及其与气象因子间的关系,对提高优质稻栽培和育种水平意义重大。【方法】对48个不同类型的水稻品种分4期进行大田播种,使各品种在灌浆期经历不同气象条件,探讨其主要产量、品质性状表现及其与气象因子的关系。【结果】多数品种粒重和品质指标在播期间差异显著;根据各指标变异系数和指标间相关性,确定千粒重、整精米率和垩白度等作为水稻品种灌浆期响应气象条件的主要农艺学指标;而气象因子中,日平均温度、相对湿度和日照时数为主要影响指标。采用隶属函数值对品种进行分类,感性品种千粒重、整精米率和垩白度的平均差异分别比耐性品种大1.98 g、30.02%和19.81%。进一步分析隶属函数值随日平均气温、相对湿度和日照时数的分布发现,齐穗后1–15 d日平均气温≥28℃、相对湿度≤84%、日照时数6~10 h时品种间耐性差异最大。【结论】垩白度、整精米率和千粒重可作为品种对高温逼熟响应的代表性农艺学指标;田间形成高温逼熟危害的气象条件是以温湿度为主导的综合气象条件,齐穗后1–15 d日平均气温≥28℃、平均相对湿度≤84%和日照时数≥6.5 h时,品种间耐性差异最大,是田间高温逼熟耐性筛选和鉴定的适宜气象条件。     

Field Technique and Traits to Assess Reproductive Stage Cold Tolerance in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Abstract

Post-rainy season sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yields are often constrained by cold stress. Cold tolerance is a prerequisite for adaptation to post-rainy season. A study was conducted to develop a field screening technique for cold tolerance, and to identify traits that discriminate genotypes to cold response. A set of rainy and post-rainy season adapted sorghum genotypes were sown in 2010 – 2011 and 2011 – 2012 in 3 dates of sowing in post-rainy seasons from third week of October to second week of November. The average minimum temperature during a 30-day period after the initial 40-day vegetative growth was lower in October sowing, moderate in November sowing and high in December sowing. The panicle harvest index (PHI) was found to be sensitive to low temperatures and was identified as a stable trait for genetic discrimination. Reduction in PHI can be indicative of failure to set seed or poor grain filling. The genotypes bred for rainy season ICSB 52, ICSR 149 and ICSR 93034 exhibited reduced PHI and lighter seed in cold-prone environments, indicating that their sensitivity is also well reflected in the yields of ICSB 52 and ICSR 149. However, the genotypes bred for post-rainy season, Dagadi solapur, SPV 1411 and M 35-1, were not affected by cold, as indicted by their higher PHI and relatively less reduction in seed weight. It was suggested that PHI and seed weight together can be used as proxies in selecting for reproductive stage cold tolerance in sorghum.     

新疆小麦品种籽粒性状、磨粉品质及其关系的研究

为给新疆冬、春小麦品种籽粒性状与磨粉品质改良提供参考依据,以30个新疆冬小麦品种和36个新疆春小麦品种为试验材料,研究了新疆小麦品种籽粒性状、磨粉品质特性及其两者的关系。结果表明,新疆冬、春小麦品种籽粒性状基本相近,各有优劣,主要差异表现在硬度大小不同,冬小麦品种的硬度（47.1）小于春小麦品种（61.8）;冬小麦品种的出粉率和黄度分别高于和低于春小麦品种,说明冬小麦品种的磨粉品质优于春小麦品种。新疆本地育成冬小麦品种的籽粒硬度（51.8）小于春小麦品种（62.9）,出粉率高于春小麦品种,灰分、红度和黄度也高于春小麦品种。综合来看,新疆本地育成春小麦品种的籽粒性状略优于冬小麦品种,磨粉品质优于冬小麦品种。相关分析表明,新疆冬、春小麦籽粒硬度与破损淀粉率呈极显著正相关,与L*值呈极显著负相关;籽粒蛋白含量与面粉灰分呈显著正相关。说明籽粒硬度和籽粒蛋白含量与新疆小麦磨粉品质关系最为密切。总之,在新疆小麦籽粒性状与磨粉品质改良中,应以籽粒硬度和面粉色泽改良为重点,同时也要提高新疆小麦籽粒蛋白含量和出粉率。     

江苏射阳地区红皮小麦品种不同播期筛选试验

在江苏射阳县新洋农场进行16个红皮小麦品种不同播期的筛选试验,对参试品种早晚2个播期下的生育期、农艺性状、抗性及产量进行汇总分析。结果表明:早播组全生育期变幅在221~225 d,晚播组全生育期变幅在213~217 d,扬麦23全生育期均最短,华麦6号全生育期最长。早播组产量变幅为591.67~739.67 kg/667 m₂,华麦6号最高,扬麦15最低;晚播组产量变幅为637.00~707.67 kg/667 m₂,扬麦23最高,扬麦27最低。未防治条件下,锈病早播组发病明显重于晚播组,早播情况下华麦7号、扬江麦580-1、宁麦13(CK)锈病发生极重,华麦6号锈病早、晚播发生均轻,锈病抗性突出。总之,早播组平均产量水平低于晚播组,产量变幅明显高于晚播组,品种间产量差异较大。扬麦23、华麦1430表现最为突出,在早播组、晚播组产量均居于最前列,赤霉病、锈病均发生较轻。