Identification of goose,mule duck,chicken, turkey,and swine in foie gras by species-specific polymerase chain reaction

A specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been developed for the identification of goose (Anser anser), mule duck (Anas platyrhynchos x Cairina moschata), chicken (Gallus gallus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), and swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) in foie gras. A forward common primer was designed on a conserved DNA sequence in the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA), and reverse primers were designed to hybridize on species-specific DNA sequences of each species considered. The different sizes of the species-specific amplicons, separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, allowed clear identification of goose, mule duck, chicken, turkey, and swine in foie gras. Analysis of experimental mixtures demonstrated that the detection limit of the assay was approximately 1% for each species analyzed. This genetic marker can be very useful for the accurate identification of these species, avoiding mislabeling or fraudulent species substitution in foie gras.     

Identification of sole (Solea solea) and Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) by PCR amplification of the 5S rDNA gene.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the nuclear 5S rDNA gene, has been used for the identification of sole (Solea solea) and Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides). Two species-specific primers were designed to amplify specific fragments of the 5S rDNA gene in each species. The remarkably different size of the amplicons obtained gives, by simple agarose gel electrophoresis, two distinguishable band patterns for both flatfish species. This genetic marker can be very useful for the accurate identification of S. solea and Greenland halibut, to enforce labeling regulations.     

Identification of gadoid species in fish meat by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on genomic DNA

Identification of fish species is significant due to the increasing interest of consumers in the meat of sea fish. Methods focusing on fish species identification help to reveal fraudulent substitution among economically important gadoid species in commercial seafood products. The objective of this work was to develop a conventional PCR method for the differentiation of the following gadoid fish species in fish products: Alaska pollack ( Theragra chalcogramma), blue whiting ( Micromesistius poutassou), hake spp. ( Merluccius spp.), Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua), saithe ( Pollachius virens), and whiting ( Merlangius merlangus). The species-specific primer pairs for gadoid species determination were based on the partial pantophysin I ( PanI) genomic sequence. Sequence identification was confirmed by cloning and sequencing of the PCR products obtained from the species considered. For the simultaneous detection of Alaska pollack, blue whiting, and hake spp., a quadruplex PCR system was constructed. Other gadoid species were detected in separate PCR reactions. After optimization of the reactions, the developed PCR systems were used for the analysis of codfish samples obtained from the Czech market and the customs' laboratories. This method represents an alternative approach in the use of genomic DNA for the identification of fish species. This method is rapid, simple, and reliable without the need for further confirmative methods. Furthermore, the identification of a mixture of more than one species is possible. The PCR system has been optimized for routine diagnostic purposes.     

Identification of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus L.) and gilt sardine (Sardinella aurita) by polymerase chain reaction, sequence of their mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, and restriction analysis of polymerase chain reaction products in semipreserves

A method of authenticating anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus L.) and gilt sardine (Sardinella aurita) semipreserves (salt-cured and fillets in oil) has been developed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequence and restriction site analysis. The amplification of a fragment of the cytochrome b gene by universal primers produced a 376 base pairs (bp) fragment in all samples analyzed. Digestion of PCR products with XhoI, TaqI, AluI, and HinfI endonucleases yielded species-specific profiles distinguishing anchovy from gilt sardine. Therefore, the restriction length fragment polymorphism (RLFP) technique can be used to determine the species identity of anchovy and gilt sardine in semipreserves.     

Quantitation of Bt-176 maize genomic sequences by surface plasmon resonance-based biospecific interaction analysis of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensors have been described for the identification of genetically modified organisms (GMO) by biospecific interaction analysis (BIA). This paper describes the design and testing of an SPR-based BIA protocol for quantitative determinations of GMOs. Biotinylated multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) products from nontransgenic maize as well as maize powders containing 0.5 and 2% genetically modified Bt-176 sequences were immobilized on different flow cells of a sensor chip. After immobilization, different oligonucleotide probes recognizing maize zein and Bt-176 sequences were injected. The results obtained were compared with Southern blot analysis and with quantitative real-time PCR assays. It was demonstrated that sequential injections of Bt-176 and zein probes to sensor chip flow cells containing multiplex PCR products allow discrimination between PCR performed using maize genomic DNA containing 0.5% Bt-176 sequences and that performed using maize genomic DNA containing 2% Bt-176 sequences. The efficiency of SPR-based BIA in discriminating material containing different amounts of Bt-176 maize is comparable to real-time quantitative PCR and much more reliable than Southern blotting, which in the past has been used for semiquantitative purposes. Furthermore, the approach allows the BIA assay to be repeated several times on the same multiplex PCR product immobilized on the sensor chip, after washing and regeneration of the flow cell. Finally, it is emphasized that the presented strategy to quantify GMOs could be proposed for all of the SPR-based, commercially available biosensors. Some of these optical SPR-based biosensors use, instead of flow-based sensor chips, stirred microcuvettes, reducing the costs of the experimentation.     

热不对称PCR(TAIL-PCR)和Tn5转座子质粒拯救法快速分离水稻条斑病菌致病相关基因

构建植物病原菌突变体库是进行新基因发掘和功能基因组学研究的有效途径之一.为快速准确地鉴定Tn5的插入位点和相应的功能基因,研究采用热不对称PCR(TAIL-PCR)和Tn5转座子质粒拯救两种技术,鉴别了在筛选水稻条斑病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola)Tn5插入突变体库过程中获得的8个在水稻(Oryza sativa)上毒性减弱的突变体.结果显示,TAIL-PCR和Tn5质粒拯救结合使用,可有效地鉴别Tn5的插入位点和相应的功能基因.TAIL-PCR鉴别的5株突变体是Tn5分别插入在分泌系统结构蛋白F基因(gspF)、cAMP调控蛋白、膜镶嵌蛋白酶酶原、S-蛋硫氨酸脱羧酶亚基和gspJ基因上;Tn5质粒拯救法鉴别的3株突变体是Tn5分别插入在致病性蛋白、功能未知的保守蛋白和鞭毛特异性ATP合酶基因上.序列同源性分析发现,8株突变体Tn5插入的基因与基因组测序的BLS256菌株中的对应基因同一性达100%.这表明,TAIL-PCR和Tn5质粒拯救技术可有效地应用于植物病原菌Tn5突变体库的鉴别和目标基因的分离.