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1.
Mutsuko Hirai Tadayoshi Muramatsu Hitoshi Ohnuki Kyoko Hibi Huifeng Ren Hideaki Endo 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(2):299-308
Maintaining high-quality fish eggs stably and efficiently is important for aquaculture. We developed a label-free immunosensor system for measuring 17,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP). DHP is suddenly secreted before ovulation as a maturation-inducing hormone in fish, and therefore, DHP levels are an indicator for predicting ovulation. The method is based on immunologic reactions and amperometric measurement using cyclic voltammetry (CV). For biomolecular immobilization on the surface of sensing electrode, Au electrode, we used self-assembled monolayers of thiol-containing compounds to fix anti-DHP immunoglobulin. In addition, we used a single-walled carbon nanotube to improve sensitivity. Using this electrode, we were able to determine the CV signal change caused by the antigen–antibody complex. The proposed immunosensor system showed a linear correlation (correlation coefficient: 0.9827) between the anodic peak current of the CV and the DHP level in range from 15.6 to 50,000 pg ml?1. The sensor system was then applied to monitor DHP of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Blood plasma of fish was collected every 3 h after administering a DHP inducer. In the measurement, the anodic peak current of the CV showed distinct changes depending on DHP levels in the blood plasma. A good relationship was observed between DHP levels determined by our proposed system and the conventional method (correlation coefficient: 0.9351). 相似文献
2.
Haiyun Wu Hitoshi Ohnuki Kyoko Hibi Huifeng Ren Hideaki Endo 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(1):19-27
Fishes display a wide variation in their physiological responses to stress, which is clearly evident in the plasma corticosteroid changes, chiefly cortisol levels in fish. In the present study, we describe a novel label-free immunosensor for detecting plasma cortisol levels. The method is based on immunologic reactions and amperometric measurement using cyclic voltammetry. For the immobilization of the antibody on the surface of sensing electrode, we used a self-assembled monolayer of thiol-containing compounds. Using this electrode, we detect the CV signal change caused by the generation of antigen–antibody complex. The immunosensor showed a response to cortisol levels, and the anodic peak value linearly decreased with a correlation coefficient of 0.990 in diluted plasma. The specificity of the label-free immunosensor system was investigated using other steroid hormones, such as 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, progesterone, estriol, estradiol, and testosterone. The specific detection of cortisol was suggested by a minimal change from ?0.32 to 0.51 μA in the anodic peak value of the other steroid hormones. The sensor system was used to determine the plasma cortisol levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and the results were compared with those of the same samples determined using the conventional method (ELISA). A good correlation was obtained between values determined using both methods (correlation coefficient 0.993). These findings suggest that the proposed label-free immunosensor could be useful for rapid and convenient analysis of cortisol levels in fish plasma samples. 相似文献
3.
Stress responses and disease resistance in salmonid fish: Effects of chronic elevation of plasma cortisol 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Basal levels of plasma cortisol in unstressed salmonid fish are normally in the range 0–5 ng ml−1. An acute stress such as handling or 1 h confinement caused a temporary elevation of the plasma cortisol levels of both brown
trout,Salmo trutta L., and rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in the range 40–200 ng ml−1 with a return to basal levels within 24–48 h. The extent of the cortisol elevation in response to an acute stress was dependent
upon both the species and strain of trout. Chronic stresses, such as prolonged confinement or crowding, resulted in an elevation
of plasma cortisol levels to approximately 10 ng ml−1. Under these circumstances, blood cortisol levels remained elevated for periods of up to 4 weeks before acclimation finally
occurred.
It is shown, by means of intraperitoneal implantation of cortisol, that chronic elevation of plasma cortisol levels in the
brown trout results in a dose-dependent increase in mortality due to common bacterial and fungal diseases. This effect is
apparent at plasma cortisol levels as low as 10 ng ml−1, levels below those often reported as being representative of ‘unstressed’ fish. These findings are discussed in relation
to the known immunosuppressive effects of corticosteroids in teleost fish. 相似文献
4.
Hideaki Endo Junhong Hao Masashi Maita Tetsuhito Hayashi Huifeng Ren Kyoko Hibi 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(5):1329-1336
Decreased plasma total cholesterol concentrations are a useful indicator in fish of reduced resistance to bacterial infection.
Taking advantage of the hydrophobic properties of silicone rubber, we developed an optical enzyme sensor system for measuring
plasma cholesterol concentrations in fish. The system was constructed using an immobilized enzyme membrane, optical oxygen
probe, flow system, and personal computer. The enzyme membrane was prepared from cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase,
and silicone rubber. The calibration curves were linear in the range of 55–85 mg dl−1 for yellowtail and 20–90 mg dl−1 for rainbow trout. Assays could be completed within 3 min, and the sensor response was stabilized by the hydrophobic properties
of silicone rubber. Storage of immobilized enzyme membranes at 5°C permitted stable measurements for 58 days. The sensor system
was applied to determine plasma total cholesterol concentrations in fish. Good correlations were obtained between results
obtained using the sensor and results obtained using conventional methods (correlation coefficients: yellowtail 0.9751, rainbow
trout 0.9947). Our method required much less time than conventional cholesterol assays and can be used economically for continuous
determination of plasma total cholesterol in fish. 相似文献
5.
Plasma levels of insulin were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in 1-year and 2-year old Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr during the period of parr-smolt transformation. The two-year old fish were of two different categories; silvering pre-smolts
and previously mature male parr. If insulin plays an important role in parr-smolt transformation and/or subsequent osmoregulatory
changes it was expected that the pre-smolts would show a different insulin profile compared to the mature male parr and one-year
old parr, both of which show impaired hypoosmoregulatory ability compared to smolts. Measurements were taken during two separate
years. Between January and April both categories of two-year old fish had generally higher plasma levels of insulin compared
to the non-smolting one-year old parr. In the pre-smolts insulin levels ranged from 4.0 to 7.9 ng ml−1, and from 7.8 to 16.7 ng ml−1 in 1990 and 1992 respectively, while in the previously mature males the same respective values were from 4.3 to 10.0 ng ml−1, and from 6.6 to 24.1 ng ml−1. In the two-year old fish, whether pre-smolts or mature males, plasma insulin levels peaked between 1–2 months before final
smoltification, after which insulin titers declined sharply. In 1990, the 1-year old parr showed a dual peak in plasma insulin.
Insulin first peaked in February (7.8 ng ml−1), and then again in April–May (7.7 ng ml−1), while in 1992 the 1-year old parr showed a number of smaller transient peaks (5–7 ng ml−1) between March–May, followed by sharp elevation of insulin levels in June. Liver glycogen contents were at their highest
(3.5–5.0 g 100 g−1 I liver wet weight) in March in both 1-year and 2-year old fish. Glycogen levels were low during the later stages of parr-smolt
transformation, before rising again in June in both the 1-year old and precociously mature parr, but not in the smolts. 相似文献
6.
Vitellogenin (VTG) was purified from the plasma of estradiol-17β (E2) treated male brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis; bt) using gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography. An antiserum to bt-VTG was raised in rabbits, then used to detect
bt-VTG by Western blot analysis. Purified bt-VTG and its antibody were then used to develop an antibody-capture, competitive
enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Confirmation of the purified protein as bt-VTG was based on the characteristics
of high molecular weight (∼562 kDa), dominant plasma protein in vitellogenic females and induction by exogenous E2 treatment in males. The antiserum recognized a major 184 kDa polypeptide as well as minor bt-VTG degradation products (150–66 kDa)
in purified bt-VTG and in plasma from vitellogenic females. Low levels of antibody cross reactivity were shown with plasma
from nonvitellogenic females, control rabbit serum, and several other antisera known to not contain VTG. The ELISA had a minimum
detection limit of 8 ng ml−1 and intra- and inter-coefficients of variation less than 9% and 15%, respectively. The ELISA demonstrated parallel binding
slopes among dilution curves of purified bt-VTG standard and plasma from diploid and triploid brook trout females. Using the
ELISA, maximum plasma VTG levels of 93.5±33.6 mg ml−1 were detected in vitellogenic diploid females, whereas only 0.18±0.15 mg ml−1 were detected in triploid females of the same age (n=5 for each). Diploid and triploid males cohabitating with vitellogenic females showed measurable levels of plasma VTG during
vitellogenesis in females (i.e., 0.17 and 0.06 mg ml−1, respectively (n=1)).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Paolo Cocci Francesco Alessandro Palermo Stefania Pucciarelli Antonino Miano Massimiliano Cuccioloni Mauro Angeletti Alessandra Roncarati Gilberto Mosconi 《International Aquatic Research》2019,11(4):389-399
Vitellogenin (Vtg) has proven to be a sensitive and simple biomarker in determining sex, sexual maturity, and xenoestrogenic effects in fish. Thus, our investigation has been focused on identification, partial characterization, and quantification of grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) Vtg through the use of a variety of biochemical and immunological analytical techniques. Mullet is considered both a promising aquaculture candidate and an important species for improving sediment quality in polyculture systems. In the first part of this work, grey mullet Vtg was purified from plasma of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced male fish by a one-step chromatographic protocol, and partially characterized. Specific polyclonal antibodies were then raised against the mullet Vtg, and both an indirect ELISA and an optical immunosensor were set up and validated to quantify plasma Vtg. The indirect ELISA and the optical immunosensor assay developed showed linear measuring in the range 56.8–1047.1 ng mL−1 and 70–739 ng mL−1 Vtg concentrations in standard solutions, respectively. The results obtained suggest that the indirect ELISA allows Vtg detection over a wide dynamic range, thus resulting more suitable for rapid and sensitive sample screening. Therefore, we suggest that the direct immunosensor is a promising tool which needs more investigation to improve the sensitivity. 相似文献
8.
Hsueh-Jung Lu Myounghee Kang Hsing-Han Huang Chi-Chang Lai Long-Jin Wu 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(6):903-913
To provide target strength (TS) information for estimating the body length of yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares and its abundance around fish aggregating devices, TS was measured ex situ and in situ. In the ex situ TS measurements, two
cameras synchronized with a 200 kHz echosounder were used to obtain the precise orientation of the yellowfin tuna under free
swimming conditions. The ex situ TS (dB re 1 m2)–fork length (FL, cm) regression was: TS = 27.06 log (FL) − 85.04. Ex situ TS was found to reach its maximum in the tilt
angle range of −15° to −20° after excluding TS samples with insignificant correlation to the tilt angle. The angle between
the vertebra and the swim bladder was approximately 25° according to X-ray images, supporting the above tilt range. The relationship
between the swim bladder volume (V
SB, ml) and the fork length was: V
SB = 0.000213 FL3. The results from the in situ TS measurements indicated that the tilt angle was highly concentrated between −10° and 15°.
The results from a calculation using the ex situ TS–FL equation with the fork length from biological sampling agreed strongly
with the average in situ TS. 相似文献
9.
The effects of ration levels on growth, conversion efficiencies and body composition of fingerling Heteropneustes fossilis (6.8 ± 0.04 cm, 5.0 ± 0.02 g) were studied by feeding isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) and isocaloric (19.06 MJ kg−1 gross energy) diets representing 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9% of the body weight (BW) day−1 to triplicate groups of fish . Growth performance of the fish fed at the various ration levels was evaluated on the basis
of live weight gain percentage (LWG%), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate percentage (SGR%), protein retention
efficiency (PRE%) and energy retention efficiency (ERE%) data. Maximum LWG% and SGR were obtained at a feeding rate of 7% BW day−1, whereas best FCR (1.6), PRE% and ERE% were recorded at a feeding rate of 5% BW day−1. Maximum body protein was also obtained for the group receiving the diet representing 5% of their body weight. However, a
linear increase in fat content was noted with the increase in ration levels up to 7% BW day−1. The SGR, FCR, PRE and ERE data were also analyzed using second-degree polynomial regression analysis to obtain more precise
information on ration level, with the results showing that the optimal ration for these parameters was 6.8, 6.1, 5.9 and 6.2% BW day−1, respectively. Based on the above second-degree polynomial regression analysis, the optimum ration level for better growth,
conversion efficiencies and body composition of fingerling H. fossilis was found to be in the range of 5.9–6.8% of the BW day−1, corresponding to 2.36–2.72 g protein and 88.20–101.66 MJ digestible energy kg−1 diet day−1. 相似文献
10.
Hideaki Endo Eiji Takahashi Masataka Murata Hitoshi Ohnuki Huifeng Ren Wakako Tsugawa Koji Sode 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(4):687-694
A wireless biosensor system was developed for the continuous measurement of blood glucose levels in flatfish. The biosensor
was implanted in the interstitial fluid under the scleral surface of the eyeball (EISF) to investigate the relationship between
EISF and blood glucose levels. EISF glucose levels were found to be correlated with those in the blood and to be approximately
the same as blood glucose levels in the range of 7–25 mg dl−1. A needle-type biosensor was prepared for the continuous EISF glucose monitoring in flatfish. A working electrode was constructed
using platinum iridium wire, and glucose oxidase was immobilized to the electrode. The biosensor was inserted into the EISF
of flatfish for sensor implantation. A 650-mV potential (vs. Ag/AgCl) was applied by a wireless potentiostat to the working
electrode for the amperometric glucose measurement. We investigated whether glucose in the EISF can be determined in vivo.
The estimated glucose levels using a one-point calibration method were correlated with actual blood glucose levels. In conclusion,
using a wireless biosensor system, we were able to monitor blood glucose levels in flatfish under free-swimming conditions
for 16 h. 相似文献
11.
Jeffrey A. Malison Lynne S. Procarione Terence P. Barry Anne R. Kapuscinski Terrence B. Kayes 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(6):473-484
The annual reproductive cycle of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) was characterized by documenting changes in gonadal development and serum levels of estradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P), and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in wild fish captured from
upper midwestern lakes and rivers throughout the year. Fish from the populations used in this study spawn annually in early-
to mid-April. Walleye showed group synchronous ovarian development with exogenous vitellogenesis beginning in autumn. Oocyte
diameters increased rapidly from ∼ 200 μm in October to ∼ 1,000 μm in November, and reached a maximum of 1,500 μm just prior
to spawning. Changes in gonadosomatic indices (GSIs) paralleled changes in oocyte diameters. Serum E2 levels in females increased rapidly from low values in October (< 0.1 ng ml−1) to peak levels of 3.7 ng ml−1 in November, coinciding with the period of the most rapid ovarian growth. Subsequently, E2 levels decreased from December through spawning. Serum T levels exhibited a bimodal pattern, increasing to 1.6 ng ml−1 in November, and peaking again at 3.3 ng ml−1 just prior to spawning. We detected 11-KT in the serum of some females at concentrations up to 5.6 ng ml−1, but no seasonal pattern was apparent. In this study (unlike our results in a related study) 17,20-P was not detected. In
males, differentiation of spermatogonia began in late August, and by January the testes were filled (> 95% of germ cells)
with spermatozoa. Mature spermatozoa could be expressed from males from January through April. GSIs ranged from 0.2% (post-spawn)
to 3.2% (pre-spawn). Serum T levels rose from undetectable levels in post-spawn males to 1.6 ng ml−1 by November, remained elevated throughout the winter, and peaked at 2.8 ng ml−1 I prior to spawning. Levels of 11-KT in males remained low (< 10 ng ml−1, from post-spawning through January, then increased significantly by March and peaked just prior to spawning at 39.7 ng ml−1. Our results indicate that vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis are complete or nearly so, in walleye by early winter, and
suggest that it may be possible to induce spawning in this species several months prior to the normal spawning season by subjecting
fish to relatively simple environmental and hormonal treatments. 相似文献
12.
Y. Durmaz M. Donato M. Monteiro L. Gouveia M. L. Nunes T. Gama Pereira Ş. Gökpınar N. M. Bandarra 《Aquaculture International》2009,17(4):391-399
Diacronema vlkianum was grown in polyethylene bags at two different temperatures (18 and 26°C) in the laboratory. The biochemical composition
level decreased when the temperature increased from 18 to 26°C. The maximum cell number at 18°C was 11.9 × 106 cells ml−1, while maximum cell number at 26°C was 1.6 × 106 cells ml−1. The maximum level of α-tocopherol was 257.7 ± 21.6 μg g−1 dry weight (DW) at 18°C. The highest total carotenoids and chlorophylls were 6.5 mg g−1 DW and 4.3 mg g−1 DW, respectively, and the main pigments were determined as astaxanthin and lutein. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were found
to be the predominant group, reaching 39.5% of the total fatty acids at 18°C. This comprised 20:5(n − 3) as the main polyunsaturated
fatty acids (20.4%, at 18°C) followed by 22:6(n − 3) (4.8%, at 18°C). The results suggest that D. vlkianum can be successfully used as feed in shellfish hatcheries or aquaculture hatcheries, either as a substitute or in association
with other microalgae, when this algae is cultured at 18°C. 相似文献
13.
Bacillus subtilis isolated from the intestine of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) was incorporated into the rearing water of Poecilia reticulata (Peters), Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes), Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel) and Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther) at four different concentrations (5 × 108 cells ml−1, 5 × 107 cells ml−1, 5 × 106 cells ml−1 and 5 × 105 cells ml−1) and its effect on fish growth performance and survival, water quality parameters and bacterial population of water were
assessed. The results showed that the addition of bacterial cells in the rearing water resulted in greater survival and a
faster growth rate and, hence, greater length and weight increments of the livebearers. The use of a bioaugmentor in the rearing
water of the livebearing fishes resulted in significantly lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of dissolved organic matter and total ammonium nitrogen. The counts of motile aeromonads and total
coliforms recorded in the water of bioaugmented tanks were also lower than that in the control tank. Bioaugmentation between
106 and 108 cells ml−1 in the rearing water is sufficient in establishing a bioaugmentor and the use of a higher concentration of bacterial cells
did not always lead to significantly better results. 相似文献
14.
M. Tagawa T. Ogasawara T. Sakamoto T. Miura K. Yamauchi T. Hirano 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(3):233-240
Changes in gonadal and plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones were examined at various stages of maturation in chum salmon
(Oncorhynchus keta) caught in the Bering Sea and the Bay of Alaska. Plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4) were less than 5 ng ml−1, and those of 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyroxine (T3) were less than 2 ng ml−1 I in both males and females, regardless of the degree of sexual maturity or the gonadosomatic index (GSI).
There was no clear relationships between circulating thyroid hormone levels and tissue levels. The ovarian T4 concentrations were undetectable (less than 0.2 ng g−1) or less than 2 ng g−1 when GSI was lower than 1%, but increased thereafter and reached a plateau of 8–10 ng g−1 when GSI became 2%. The ovarian T3 concentrations were about 5 ng g−1 when GSI was 1%, increased to a maximum level (20 ng g−1) when GSI was about 2%, and decreased to a constant level of 10 ng g−1 thereafter. The T4 and T3 content in single oocyte increased proportionally to the oocyte volume, indicating a constant incorporation of the hormones
into the oocyte.
The T4 concentrations in the testis were 1 ng g−1 or less regardless of the GS1. On the other hand, the T3 concentrations were highest (15 ng g−1) when the GSI was less than 1%, decreased thereafter when spermatocytes appeared in the testis, and became about 5 ng g−1 I in testes containing spermatozoa, raising the possibility of a role for T3 during early gamete and/or gonad maturation of testes. 相似文献
15.
Sperm motility, pH and osmolality of seminal plasma varied throughout the reproductive season spanning the period from June
to September. Initially, sperm motility was low, peaked in July and August and then fell again towards the end of the spawning
season. While the pH of seminal plasma increased from pH 7.4 to 7.9 during the period of spermiation, the average seasonal
pH (7.78 ± 0.03) remained close to an experimentally determined optimum pH range for ocean pout sperm motility (pH 8–9). Likewise,
although the values for seminal plasma osmolality fell during the reproductive season, from 416–339 mmol kg-1, the average osmolality value 356 ± 3 was within the optimum for sperm motility (300–400 mmol kg-1). In comparing fluctuations in sperm motility with the biochemical composition of ocean pout seminal plasma during the spawning
season, this analysis showed that increased Mg++ levels were correlated with the summer period of maximum sperm motility. A seasonal decline in Na+ and Cl− ion levels was reflected in lower seminal plasma osmolality values. 相似文献
16.
Protein content and properties in the seminal plasma of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) were assayed using spectrophotometric and electrophoretic methods. The protein concentration ranged from 6.4 ± 3.1 to 19.4 ± 3.4 mg ml−1 and anti-proteolytic activity from 585.2 ± 104.6 to 2912.4 ± 367.4 U l−l. A high correlation between anti-proteolytic activity and protein concentration (r = 0.95), and between sperm concentration and osmolality was found (r = 0.92). There was a significant decrease in anti-proteolytic activity from the first to the second sampling, but not in
protein concentration. Anti-proteolytic activity and protein concentration were significantly affected by variations in individual
males. Electrophoresis revealed four anti-proteolytic bands and individual differences in bands of proteolytic activity, which
were subsequently characterized as metalloproteases and serine proteases. 相似文献
17.
This study aimed to evaluate the protein-sparing effect of dietary lipid on digestive and metabolic responses of fingerling
Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish were fed nine practical diets with three protein levels (270, 310 and 350 g kg−1) and three lipid levels (40, 70 and 100 g kg−1) for 8 weeks. Weight gain was significantly affected only by dietary lipid levels with the highest found in fish fed 70 g kg−1 lipid. Relative feed intake and whole-body protein content showed little difference among all the treatments. Activities
of intestine lipase and amylase increased significantly as dietary lipid levels increased, whereas little difference was observed
in protease activities. Liver lipid content was significantly affected only by protein levels with the lowest found in fish
fed 310 g kg−1 protein. Liver aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) activities increased significantly with decreasing lipid levels, whereas
the highest GOT activity was obtained in fish fed 310 g kg−1 protein in terms of dietary protein levels. Activities of liver lipoprotein lipase, total lipase and plasma cholesterol concentration
of fish fed 350 g kg−1 protein were significantly lower than that of the other groups, whereas the same was true for plasma 3, 5, 3′-triiodothyronine
level of fish fed 270 g kg−1 protein. The results indicated that an increase of dietary lipid content from 40 to 70 g kg−1 can enhance the growth and digestive enzyme activities of this species and reduce the proportion of dietary protein catabolized
for energy without inducing hepatic steatosis; meanwhile, decreasing protein level from 350 to 310 g kg−1 leads to the increase of lipase activities both in intestine and liver coupled with the reduced liver lipid content. 相似文献
18.
B. Mickowska 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(2):231-240
The main serine proteinase inhibitors of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykiss) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) blood plasma were isolated and purified. The investigated inhibitors, α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) and antithrombin III (AT III), act by forming stable complexes with target proteinases. The association rate constants
k
on for the interaction of fish plasma inhibitors with several serine proteinases have been determined: k
on for both carp and rainbow trout α1-PI were >107 M−1 s−1 for human neutrophil elastase, and in the case of bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin k
on values were 2.0–5.2 × 106 M−1 s−1. Association rate constants k
on for the interaction of carp and rainbow trout AT III with bovine trypsin and thrombin were about 1.3 × 104–7.9 × 105 M−1 s−1 without and >107 M−1 s−1 in presence of heparin; so antithrombins require the presence of heparin to become effective proteinase inhibitors. The high
degree of homology of the estimated amino acid sequences of fish inhibitors reactive site loops confirms their similarity
with other proteinase inhibitors from the serpin family. 相似文献
19.
Caipang CM Lazado CC Berg I Brinchmann MF Kiron V 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2011,37(3):603-612
The present study investigated the immunomodulatory activities of alginic acid and fucoidan, both derived from brown seaweeds,
on selected cellular immune responses and antibacterial activity of head kidney (HK) leukocytes of cod, Gadus morhua. Primary cultures of HK leukocytes were incubated with either 10 or 100 μg ml−1 of the substances and the effects on respiratory burst, cellular proliferation, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and
cellular myeloperoxidase were measured at 3- and 24-h post-incubation. The antibacterial activity of the supernatants collected
from the cell cultures incubated with 100 μg ml−1 of the substances were tested against Vibrio anguillarum and Aeromonas salmonicida. Respiratory burst was significantly elevated in cells incubated with either alginic acid or fucoidan in a dose-dependent
manner. Incubation with a higher dose of alginic acid and fucoidan resulted in lower cellular proliferation at 3- and 24-h,
respectively. Both acid and alkaline phosphatase activities of HK leukocytes were not significantly modulated, except for
a slight elevation of acid phosphatase in cells incubated with 100 μg ml−1 of alginic acid for 24-h. Fucoidan, but not alginic acid significantly increased cellular myeloperoxidase activity at a concentration
of 100 μg ml−1. The growth of the bacteria in both the treated and control supernatants was significantly lower than what was observed in
the bacterial culture medium. However, the supernatants from the treated cells had significantly higher bacterial growth compared
with supernatants of the control cells. Taken together, these results showed that at the tested concentrations, both alginic
acid and fucoidan are able to differentially stimulate some cellular immune responses of cod HK leukocytes in vitro and the
respiratory burst activity was significantly stimulated by these brown algal derivatives. These substances could be tested
as potential immunostimulants in future in vivo studies. 相似文献
20.
B. Piros J. Glogowski R. Kolman A. Rzemieniecki J. Domagala Á. Horváth B. Urbanyi A. Ciereszko 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(3):289-295
This paper provides data concerning biochemical composition of milt of two sturgeon species, Siberian sturgeon bred in aquaculture
facility of Inland Fisheries Institute in North Poland and sterlet (from two different populations from Danube and Odra).
Milt plasma of Siberian sturgeon and sterlet, when compared to teleost fish, is characterized by much lower osmolality (up
70 to 96 mOsm kg−1) and protein concentration (0.24–0.58 g l−1). In spite of the presence of an acrosome and acrosin the antiproteinase activity of seminal plasma was low (12.79–25.40 U l−1). Activities of arylsulfatase and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase were found in spermatozoa. This agrees with the presence of an
acrosome in sturgeons sperm. Similarly to mammals, these enzymes are also present in milt plasma. We determined a range of
enzymatic activities from the minimal (seminal plasma) to the maximal damage (supernatants obtained after freezing-thawing
without cryoprotectant). Activities of arylsulfatase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, lactic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase
were released from spermatozoa after freezing-thawing. For this reason they are good potential candidates as a markers of
cryoinjury to sperm acrosome and midpiece.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献