Effect of potassium sulfate on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of canola cultivars upon late-season drought stress conditions

In order to reduce the damage caused by late-season drought stress of canola, a factorial split plot experiment was performed on the basis of the randomized complete blocks design with three replications in Karaj, Iran. The treatments were potassium sulfate in two levels, including application and non-application of potassium sulfate, irrigation at three levels including normal irrigation (control), restricted irrigation from the flowering and pod formation stage, as factorial were in main plots and winter canola cultivars including Opera, L72, KR1, GKH3705, GKH0224 were in subplots. The interaction effect of potassium sulfate?×?irrigation?×?cultivar on seed yield, stomatal resistance, oil yield, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and glucosinolate was significant at the 1% level. The promising line of L72 in normal irrigation and application of potassium sulfate and Opera cultivar under late-season drought stress and application of potassium sulfate had the highest seed yield, oil yield and fatty acids composition.     

Efficacy of integrated fertilizer management to improve agronomic and physiological traits of canola cultivars

The effects of integrated chemical and organic fertilizers on quantitative, qualitative and physiological traits of two canola cultivars were studied in East Azerbaijan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Iran, during 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The first factor comprised six levels of fertilizers including organic, chemical, and their combination and the second factor was two canola cultivars. Fertilizer treatments had significant effect on all studied traits except for proline, oil percentage, oleic acid, linolenic acid, seed sulfur, and potassium content in the first year, and leaf area, protein percentage, 1000 seed weight, seed number in silique, silique number in plants, oleic acid, and linolenic acid in the second year. Canola response to fertilizer proportions was quite different so that in the first year chemical fertilizations were better, while in the second year the effect of organic fertilizations was more pronounced. High level of organic fertilizer improved nitrate reductase activity, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and final seed yield in the second year. It seems that the positive effect of cattle manure would be visible at least 1 year after application. Moreover, canola cultivars differed from each other in terms of some agronomic and physiological traits during each year of the experiment.     

Silicon application positively alters pollen grain area,osmoregulation and antioxidant enzyme activities in wheat plants under water deficit conditions

Role of exogenously-applied silicon (Si) on antioxidant enzyme activities was investigated in wheat under drought stress using a completely randomized factorial design with four replications. Drought stress significantly enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, and elevated accumulation of osmotically active molecules, soluble sugars and proline. Si application further enhanced activities of enzymes involved in oxidative defense system and accumulation of osmotically active molecules in drought-stressed plants. Under drought stress conditions, water shortage decreased protein content in all cultivars; however, application of Si increased it. Pollen area ratio was lower than 1 for cvs. Shiraz and Marvdasht under drought, but greater than 1 for cvs. Chamran and Sirvan. Water-limited regimes resulted in decreased leaf Ψ_w in all cultivars, but Si supply was effective in improving Ψ_w under water-limited regimes. Water shortage increased leaf K, Mg, and Ca concentrations. Under drought stress, Si-treated plants had higher K concentration than the none-treated plants.     

干旱胁迫对紫苏生长及品质的影响

为了明确适于紫苏种植的水分灌溉条件,以紫苏实生苗为材料,正常供水为对照(CK),研究干旱胁迫(轻度干旱、中度干旱、重度干旱)对紫苏生长及品质的影响。结果表明,轻度和中度干旱胁迫可显著提高紫苏叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率,并使其抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量维持在较高水平;重度干旱胁迫也显著提高了紫苏叶片MDA含量和相对电导率,但其抗氧化酶活性、Pro、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著低于CK,且随着胁迫处理时间的延长,叶片MDA含量和相对电导率呈逐渐上升趋势,而抗氧化酶活性、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量则呈逐渐下降趋势。随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,紫苏地上部生物量显著下降;叶片中总挥发油含量呈先上升后下降的趋势。由此可见,干旱胁迫处理不利于紫苏的生长,但适当的干旱胁迫可促进紫苏叶片挥发油的合成,显著提高苏叶药材品质。本研究结果为紫苏规范化栽培提供了依据。     

干旱胁迫下施钾水平对油菜生长特性、籽粒品质和钾素利用的影响

  【目的】  探究长期干旱胁迫下不同施钾水平对油菜生长、籽粒品质、钾素利用的影响,旨在明确不同钾肥水平下油菜通过调节生长和营养分配应对干旱胁迫的机制,为油菜抗旱栽培提供科学依据。  【方法】  以抗旱油菜品种油研57和干旱敏感品种川油36为试验材料,采用盆栽土培试验,每盆装风干土10 kg,设置K₂O施用量0、80和160 mg/kg土3个水平,并于花期开始控制土壤水分保持45%～50%最大田间持水量直至油菜收获,分别记为DK0、DK80、DK160,以施K₂O 80 mg/kg土,全生育期保持65%最大田间持水量作为对照,记为CK,对比不同施钾水平下油菜生长、产量、籽粒品质和钾素利用特征的差异。  【结果】  干旱胁迫严重抑制油菜生长,与DK0处理相比,两个油菜品种在DK80和DK160处理下根干重、总根长、根表面积、干物重和籽粒产量均显著增加。干旱胁迫导致油菜品质降低,与DK0处理相比,DK80和DK160处理下油研57籽粒油酸含量显著增加且芥酸含量显著降低。干旱胁迫引起油菜叶片早衰,花期早衰落叶钾分配比例显著增加并呈DK160 > DK80 > DK0的趋势 (P < 0.05),角果皮和茎钾分配比例大幅降低并呈DK160 < DK80 < DK0 (P < 0.05) 的趋势,导致油菜钾素利用效率显著降低。与川油36相比,抗旱品种油研57根、茎和角果皮维持较高钾分配比例,表现出更高的钾素利用效率,在干旱缺钾条件下籽粒产量和油酸含量显著高于川油36。  【结论】  干旱胁迫导致油菜根系生长受抑制,叶片早衰,进而影响产量和菜籽油品质。增施钾肥可在一定程度上缓解干旱的不利影响,提高钾素在叶片中的分配率,提高油菜籽粒中油酸含量并降低芥酸含量,从而提高籽粒品质。由于干旱胁迫引起油菜叶片早衰,大量钾素随叶片脱落未被再利用导致钾素利用效率降低。     

Boron nutrition for improving the quality of diverse canola cultivars

Abstract

Canola (Brassica napus L.), is the most important oilseed crop due to high oil contents and low concentration of erucic acid and glucosinolates. In Pakistan, oil seed production is not sufficient to fulfill the needs of the country. Thus, the planned experiment was aimed to evaluate the performance of different canola cultivars i.e. Faisal Canola, Pakola, PARC Canola hybrid and Rainbow at grown under various soil applied boron (B) levels viz., 0, 1, 2?kg ha^?1 under a rainfed environment. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. Among the canola cultivars, the maximum seed oil contents were recorded in cultivar ‘Pakola’ whereas, higher linolenic acid and protein were recorded in cultivar ‘Faisal canola’ as compared to other cultivars. A synergistic effect was found between various levels of B and quality parameters of the canola seed; as higher concentration of oil contents were found when B was applied 2?kg ha^?1. Conversely the linolenic acid showed the antagonistic behavior with the various B levels. On the other hand, protein contents, oleic acid and erucic acid revealed non-significant differences under different B application rates. In conclusion, the cultivar ‘Pakola’ provided the highest oil content when the B was applied at 2?kg ha^?1; the low concentration of unsaturated fatty acid was observed in ‘PARC canola’ cultivar in the Pothwar region of Punjab, Pakistan.     

Amelioration of drought stress in wheat by combined application of PGPR,compost, and mineral fertilizer

Among various abiotic stresses, global drought reduces global growth and yield of wheat. Present research has been designed to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on wheat by combined application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), compost, and mineral fertilizers. In this experiment, the role of fertilizer, compost, and PGPR inoculation to ameliorate drought stress was studied in two wheat varieties at vegetative stage. Water stress adversely affects morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of the wheat plant. Inoculated seed with compost and mineral fertilizer grown in drought condition showed 43% increase in relative water content (RWC) of 9.39% in Membrane Stability Index and 82.20% in chlorophyll as compared to control. Drought affected the accumulation of osmolytes, but PGPR in combination with compost and mineral fertilizer under drought stress triggered higher accumulation of soluble sugar and proline content, i.e., 28.96% and 73.91%, respectively. It is concluded from this research that PGPR in combination with compost and mineral fertilizer considerably reduces the effect of drought on wheat by enhancing the physiological (RWC, membrane stability, chlorophyll content, and water potential) and biochemical (proline and sugar) aspects of the plant.     

水硼互作对油菜的营养效应

在水培条件下 ,利用PEG-6000诱导水分胁迫 ,研究水硼互作对油菜幼苗的营养效应。试验结果表明 ,干旱使油菜全N量增加 ,蛋白N/全N比值下降 ,B浓度下降。油菜保护酶系统中的POD、CAT、SOD活性均下降 ,MDA含量增加 ,根系膜透性也显著增加。此外 ,渗透物质如Ca2+,脯氨酸 ,可溶性糖等在叶片中的含量均大幅度提高。试验结果还表明 ,缺硼环境为油菜抗旱提供了一个适应过程 ,而且硼素营养在一定程度上还可缓解干旱胁迫对油菜造成的伤害     

Variation in the seed and oil yields and oil quality in the Indian germplasm of opium poppy Papaver somniferum

The variation in the seed shape, colour and yield, and content, yield and fatty acid composition of seed oil of 109 accessions of opium poppy Papaver somniferum, (majority of them Indian land races), was investigated. The seeds were white, pale yellow or light brown in colour, reniform or round in shape and varied in size up to three fold. The oil content, seed and the oil yield varied between 26 to 52%, 1.0 to 7.4 g/plant and 0.4 to 2.7 g/plant, respectively. The % content of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid in the seed oil ranged between 9.3 to 40.0%, 7.5 to 58.4% and 0.7 to 72.7%, respectively. On average basis, the levels of major fatty acids in the seed oil were: oleic (37.1%) > palmitic (27.3%) > linoleic acid (17.2%). The palmitoleic, stearic and linolenic acids were present in the oils of only some of the accessions. Two of the accessions yielded linoleic acid rich seed oil of about the same quality as soybean and maize oils, and in four accessions, the proportion of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids was roughly equal. The palmitic acid was relatively less and linoleic acid more in the seed oil from accessions rich in oil content. The oil that contained higher amount of oleic acid also contained higher amount of palmitic acid and relatively lower amount of linoleic acid. The correlation analyses revealed a strong positive relationship between seed yield and oil yield (r = +0.81), oil yield and oil content (r = +0.54) and oleic acid and palmitic acid content in the seed oil (r = +0.49), and a weak positive relationship between oil content and linoleic acid content of oil (r = +0.24), and a negative correlation was observed between oil content and palmitic acid content (r = –0.32), palmitic acid and linoleic acid (r = –0.55) and oleic acid and linoleic acid contents of oil (r = –0.68). The observations have permitted selection of accessions that are high seed and oil yielding and/or rich in linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids or containing palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids in about equal amounts.     

黑果枸杞种子萌发对PEG模拟干旱胁迫的响应

[目的]研究干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为黑果枸杞人工栽培提供理论依据。[方法]通过聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)模拟干旱胁迫,测定不同干旱胁迫强度下黑果枸杞种子的萌发进程、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、幼苗的生长、幼苗渗透调节物质、叶绿素含量等指标,研究干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。[结果]干旱胁迫不利于黑果枸杞种子的萌发,重度干旱胁迫推迟其萌发的高峰期;干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞种子的发芽率、发芽势均呈下降趋势,-0.6 MPa处理下,黑果枸杞种子发芽率、发芽势相对对照分别降低72.06%和74.07%;干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子发芽指数和活力指数有抑制作用,其抑制程度随干旱胁迫强度的增加而增加;适度干旱胁迫有利于黑果枸杞幼苗胚根和胚芽的生长,而中度、重度干旱胁迫不利于幼苗胚芽的生长;干旱胁迫下黑果枸杞幼苗根、芽脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量均随着胁迫程度的增加逐渐增加,而幼苗叶绿素含量(Chl a+b)随干旱胁迫强度的增加逐渐降低。[结论]干旱胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长有重要影响,适度的干旱胁迫有利于黑果枸杞幼苗的生长。     

The effect of micronutrient foliar application on yield,seed quality and some biochemical traits of soybean cultivars under drought stress

Abstract

This experiment carried out as split plot factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during two consecutive years (2015–2016). The main plot consisted of drought stress: complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at R1 stage, irrigation withholding at R2 stage and subplots included foliar application of micronutrients: distilled water (control), zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate and zinc sulfate?+?manganese sulfate and cultivar as: Williams and Zan elite. The results showed that proline and linoleic acid were increased significantly, but chlorophyll a and b, seed yield, protein percentage, oleic and linolenic acids were decreased significantly by irrigation withholding. Also, the maximum values of chlorophyll b, protein percentage and linolenic acid were achieved by Williams. The significant increasing effect of zinc was found on the maximum root and stem proline, chlorophyll b, and oleic, linolenic and linoleic unsaturated fatty acids, meanwhile the maximum leaf proline was obtained by manganese sulfate.     

INVESTIGATIONS ON FOLIAR SPRAY OF BORON AND MANGANESE ON OIL CONTENT AND CONCENTRATIONS OF FATTY ACIDS IN SEEDS OF SUNFLOWER PLANT RAISED THROUGH SALINE WATER IRRIGATION

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of foliar fertilization of some micronutrients [i.e., manganese (Mn) and boron (B)] on reproductive yield and fatty acid concentrations of a standard sunflower hybrid (‘NuSun 636') irrigated with different concentrations of saline water made by dissolving sea salt. Reproductive yield showed a significant decrease with the increase in salt in the rooting medium. However, foliar sprays of boric acid (H₃BO₃) and manganese chloride (MnCl₂) showed a significant increase in seed number, seed weight, and oil content of seeds in the nonsaline control, which persisted even under saline water irrigation. An increase under the MnCl₂ spray was more than with H₃BO₃ irrespective of non saline or saline water irrigation. Increasing levels of salinity appeared to be responsible for a decrease in oleic monounsaturated fatty acid concentration and an increase in the linoleic polyunsaturated, palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acid content whereas no significant change was found in linolenic polyunsaturated fatty acid content. Foliar applications of H₃BO₃ and MnCl₂ brought some beneficial alteration in fatty acid concentrations of sunflower. Foliar application of H₃BO₃ caused a significant increase in palmitic and stearic saturated fatty acids and linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acids in control as well as under saline conditions. Oleic monounsaturated fatty acid concentration showed a decline under H₃BO₃ treatment irrespective to nonsaline or saline conditions. Foliar applications of MnCl₂ increased the concentration of palmitic saturated fatty acid and oleic monounsaturated fatty acid irrespective to the plant growth under non saline or saline conditions. While stearic saturated fatty acid, linoleic and linolenic polyunsaturated fatty acid decreased with the application of manganese as compared to the non sprayed control.     

Late season deficit irrigation for water-saving: selection of rapeseed (Brassica napus) genotypes based on quantitative and qualitative features

ABSTRACT

To select and introduce the best rapeseed genotypes under withholding irrigation, two field experiments were carried out in seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 in Iran. Factorial arrangement of treatments was set up as RCBD with three replications. The experiment factors were two irrigation treatments (normal irrigation during the growing season and withholding irrigation from silique setting stage until the end of the growing season) and 17 genotypes of rapeseed. Grain yield, oil content and fatty acid contents were measured. The results revealed that oleic acid (62.15%) was the highest followed by linoleic (19.28%), linolenic (5.65%), palmitic (5.24%) and stearic acids (2.44%). ODR (oleic desaturation ratio) and LDR (linoleic desaturation ratio) were significantly affected by genotypes and irrigation treatments. The biosynthetic pathway of fatty acids affected by drought stress. This means that linoleic acid increases under withholding irrigation condition, while linolenic acid decreases in such a water deficit stress condition. The highest performance of qualitative and quantitative was detected in HL3721 genotype due to high values of grain yield (3892.45 kg ha^?1), oil content (437.05 g kg^?1), unsaturated fatty acids (87.63%) and low values of saturated fatty acids (7.98%), and it could be used under withholding irrigation in arid and semi-arid climates.     

水分和铅交互胁迫对国槐幼苗生理生化特性的影响

为了探讨在水分和铅交互胁迫条件下,国槐（SophorajaponicaL．）幼苗抗氧化酶系统活性及渗透调节物质含量的变化,采用盆栽实验,研究不同水分处理（土壤相对含水率为40％、60％、80％、100％）及5个铅胁迫水平（0、300、500、1000、2000mg‘kg。）交互作用对抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量、可溶性糖含量和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明：在水分和铅的交互胁迫下,国槐幼苗叶片POD、SOD酶活性表现先升后降的趋势,与单一的水分胁迫、铅胁迫相比,交互作用对SOD、POD活性的影响规律性不明显,在一定程度上表现出协同或拮抗效应;随着水分胁迫的加剧和铅胁迫的增大,国槐幼苗叶片的MDA含量变化呈现升高的趋势。在铅含量〈2000mg·k^-1条件下,交互胁迫的国槐幼苗叶片MDA含量低于单一水分胁迫处理,表明国槐在交互胁迫下受到的膜伤害比单一水分胁迫下受到的膜伤害小;国槐幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量对水分胁迫较不敏感,且随着水分胁迫的加剧和铅胁迫的增加,叶片可溶性糖含量的变化比较复杂,但总体上呈先升后降的趋势;在铅含量500mg·kg。和40％水分胁迫处理下,可溶性糖含量显著高于对照（P〈0．01）,MDA含量与对照无明显差异;随着水分胁迫的加剧和铅胁迫的增大,脯氨酸含量逐渐升高;在40％水分胁迫下,重金属铅和水分胁迫对叶片中脯氨酸的积累有协同促进作用。适当的交互胁迫（铅含量300、500mg·kg。和40％水分处理）有利于提高国槐的抗逆性。     

干旱胁迫条件下加工番茄对喷施甜菜碱的生理响应

以新疆广泛种植的加工番茄屯河8号为材料,通过盆栽和田间试验,测定了加工番茄叶片中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和丙二醛含量以及抗氧化酶 [超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）] 活性和加工番茄产量,研究了干旱胁迫下加工番茄对叶面喷施不同浓度甜菜碱的生理响应。结果表明,干旱胁迫下喷施低浓度甜菜碱对加工番茄抵御干旱有一定的作用。干旱胁迫下喷施甜菜碱后,有效抑制了叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量的下降,协同增加脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量,抗氧化酶活性也显著增强,膜脂过氧化程度减弱即丙二醛含量下降,田间试验各生理指标的含量变化与盆栽结果相类似,干旱胁迫下喷施甜菜碱促进了加工番茄产量的增加。     

Crude Fat Content and Fatty Acid Profile and Their Correlations in Foxtail Millet

Crude fat and fatty acid profile of 35 foxtail millets including seven varieties planted in five different regions of China were studied. The fat content ranged from 3.38 to 6.49% (averaging 4.51%). The major fatty acid in foxtail millets was linoleic acid (averaging 66.68%), followed by oleic acid (averaging 16.11%), palmitic acid (averaging 7.42%), stearic acid (averaging 6.84%), and linolenic acid (averaging 2.48%). Two‐way ANOVA showed that fat content was significantly affected by millet variety and cultivation area (P < 0.05). Fatty acids including linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linolenic acid varied significantly in different foxtail millet varieties (P < 0.05), except oleic acid (P > 0.05). Fatty acids including linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid did not change significantly in foxtail millets from different regions (P > 0.05), except linolenic acid (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that oleic acid was negatively correlated with palmitic acid and linoleic acid (P < 0.05), and linolenic acid was positively correlated with palmitic acid and linoleic acid but negatively correlated with stearic acid (P < 0.05). The research showed that millets with good fat composition can be obtained through breeding techniques or cultivation management.     

Response of maize (Zea mays L.) to potassium nano-silica application under drought stress

Abstract

To investigate the influence of potassium nano-silica (PNS) on maize plant under drought stress including non-stress (NS), moderate drought stress (MDS) and severe drought stress (SDS), a factorial experiment was conducted with completely randomized blocks with three replications. Drought stress decreased the concentrations in the shoot of phosphor (P), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and silica (Si) and nitrogen (N), P, Ca, Fe, Zn, copper (Cu), Mn and Si concentrations of seed. There was an increase in the concentration in the N seed and shoot potassium (K) concentration under drought stress. It was observed that applying PNS increased nutrient absorption. The highest concentration of N in the seed was obtained at 100?ppm PNS. The highest concentrations of seed K and N, Cu, Mn and Si in the shoot were found when 200?ppm of PNS was applied. Applying PNS had no significant effect on the concentrations of P, Ca, sodium (Na) and Cu in the seed, and of Ca and Na in the shoot. These findings demonstrate that the application of PNS can limit the negative effects of drought stress and improve plant’s resistance against drought stress.     

Influence of harvest date and crop yield on the fatty acid composition of virgin olive oils from cv. Picual

In this study was analyzed the effect of crop year and harvesting time on the fatty acid composition of cv. Picual virgin olive oil. The study was carried out during the fruit ripening period for three crop seasons. The mean fatty acid composition of Picual oils was determined. The oils contained palmitic acid (11.9%), oleic acid (79.3%), and linoleic acid (2.95%). The content of palmitic acid and saturated fatty acids decreased during fruit ripening while oleic and linoleic acids increased. The amount of stearic and linolenic acids decreased. The amount of saturated acids, palmitic and stearic, and the polyunsaturated acids linoleic and linolenic was dependent on the time of harvest, whereas the amount of oleic acid varied with the crop year. The differences observed between crop years for both palmitic and linoleic acid may be explained by the differences in the temperature during oil biosynthesis and by the amount of summer rainfall for oleic acid content. A significant relationship was observed between the MUFA/PUFA ratio and the oxidative stability measured by the Rancimat method.     

白羊草光合特性及非结构性碳水化合物含量对 CO2 浓度倍增和干旱胁迫的响应

【目的】 探明 CO₂ 浓度倍增对干旱胁迫下白羊草光合特性及非结构性碳水化合物含量的影响,为未来大气 CO₂ 浓度升高以及干旱、半干旱地区水分亏缺等逆境下白羊草的生长提供理论依据和技术参数。 【方法】 盆栽试验采用裂区设计,研究了黄土丘陵区典型草本植物白羊草光合特性和非结构性碳水化合物 (NSC) 及其组分 (可溶性糖和淀粉) 的含量对不同 CO₂ 浓度 (400 μmol/mol 和 800 μmol/mol) 和不同水分处理 [35%～40% FC (重度干旱胁迫)、55%～60% FC (轻度干旱胁迫) 和 75%～80% FC (对照)] 的响应。 【结果】 CO₂ 浓度倍增和干旱胁迫对白羊草光合–光响应曲线参数和 NSC 及其组分含量有显著影响,但 2 个因素之间没有显著的交互作用。CO₂ 浓度倍增显著提高了白羊草叶片最大净光合速率 (P_max )、表观量子效率 (AQY)、光饱和点 (LSP) 和光补偿点 (LCP)(P < 0.01),而干旱胁迫则显著降低了P_max 、AQY 和LSP (P < 0.01)。CO₂ 浓度倍增和干旱胁迫均提高了白羊草地上部分可溶性糖含量。在正常 CO₂ 浓度条件下,与对照相比,轻度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫均显著降低了白羊草地上部分和根系部分淀粉含量。CO₂ 浓度倍增使对照、轻度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫处理下白羊草地上部分淀粉含量分别提高了 17.4%、44.2% 和 18.7%,根系部分淀粉含量分别提高了 17.3%、88.4% 和 54.4%。轻度和重度干旱胁迫均显著降低了正常 CO₂ 浓度条件下白羊草根系部分 NSC 含量。CO₂ 浓度倍增显著提高了对照处理和轻度干旱胁迫处理下白羊草地上部分以及轻度干旱胁迫处理和重度干旱胁迫处理下白羊草根系部分 NSC 含量。在正常 CO₂ 浓度下,轻度和重度干旱胁迫导致白羊草地上部分和根系部分可溶性糖含量与总 NSC 含量比值的显著提高。在倍增 CO₂ 浓度下,重度干旱胁迫显著提高了白羊草地上部分可溶性糖含量与总 NSC 含量的比值,而对照处理和轻度干旱胁迫处理无显著差异。 【结论】 干旱胁迫促进了白羊草体内淀粉向可溶性糖的转化,导致可溶性糖含量的升高和淀粉含量的降低。CO₂ 浓度倍增促进了白羊草地上部分和根系部分淀粉和 NSC 含量的积累,为干旱胁迫下白羊草生理代谢活动所需可溶性糖提供了来源。CO₂ 浓度升高能够缓解干旱胁迫造成的不利影响,提高了白羊草的抗旱性。      

水分胁迫对黍子幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以“晋黍8号”黍子幼苗为材料,在大棚内采用盆栽砂培法浇灌营养液,设置重旱、轻旱、正常灌溉、轻涝和重涝5个处理,植株二叶一心时开始胁迫处理,于处理后20d测定植株形态指标、生物量和含水量、叶片质膜透性、光合色素、丙二醛、抗坏血酸、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量等指标,研究水分胁迫对黍子幼苗生长、膜脂过氧化和渗透调节的影响。结果表明,正常灌溉下黍子幼苗生长最好,株高、茎粗、茎节数、叶片数、最大叶面积及根系、茎叶、穗的鲜质量、干质量均最大,干旱和涝害下幼苗各形态指标和生物量均明显降低,且重旱和重涝下比轻旱和轻涝下降低更明显;根系、茎叶和穗的含水量在干旱下均明显降低,涝害下表现各不相同。叶片光合色素含量在干旱下显著降低而涝害下无明显变化,质膜透性、丙二醛、抗坏血酸和脯氨酸含量在干旱和涝害下明显增加,且重旱和重涝下比轻旱和轻涝下增加更明显;可溶性糖含量在干旱下明显增加而在涝害下明显降低,可溶性蛋白含量在干旱下显著降低而在涝害下无显著变化。研究说明,干旱和涝害均对黍子幼苗造成过氧化伤害,抗氧化物质和渗透调节物质含量随之增加,但是抗氧化物质的增加并不能完全消除胁迫导致的过氧化伤害,加上光合能力降低,使黍子植株生长显著抑制。在本试验条件下,干旱胁迫对黍子幼苗的伤害比涝害严重。