共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 734 毫秒
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从宏观农业角度,探讨西双版纳植胶区植胶环境和经营管理条件与橡胶树死皮病(TPD)的关系,尝试说明该区域死皮病高发的原因,提出了通过改善生产管理控制该病害的措施。 相似文献
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扼要评述了国内外对橡胶树死皮病病因的研究;在前人研究和对云南橡胶树死皮病发生发展大量田间资料研究的基础上,结合作物栽培学、营养学和森林衰退病的基本理论,提出橡胶树死皮病是橡胶树群体在一定的割胶生产条件下营养失衡,导致整株或局部树皮组织衰退,局部或全部失去排胶功能的一种生理病害,而过度排胶,养分不能适时足量供给,是死皮病不同程度发生、发展的主要病因。 相似文献
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通过对多年来西双版纳高海拔山地逆温和橡胶树试种研究资料分析,论述了以坡向为主导因素的西双版纳高海拔山地小气候和精选橡胶树宜林地的问题,为制止盲目扩种橡胶树提供依据。 相似文献
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不断提高植胶科技水平,促进橡胶产业持续发展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
半个世纪以来,云南农垦依靠科技进步,建成了我国最好的天然橡胶高产基地。为了促进橡胶产业持续稳定发展,必须不断提高植胶科技水平。当前要重点做好橡胶树良种引进、选育推广;提早抗旱定植,缩短非生产期;全面推广营养诊断指导施肥;进一步深化割制改革,提高劳动生产率;加强胶乳生理参数诊断研究,科学指导割胶生产;全面推广抗病增胶灵作新割制刺激剂;加强死皮病综合防治技术研究及推广;加强病虫害流行规律及防治技术研究和抓好橡胶树综合开发利用等九个方面的工作。 相似文献
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1988/89年冬后,我们对河口垦区橡胶树林地97194亩,2294874株进行了寒害普查。按三层两面八个坡向进行汇总。本文通过总结对平流低温寒害的特点和规律有了新的认识,在造成橡胶树寒害的气象因子中,冷风是加重寒害的主要因素,提出以冷风方向和垂直高度作为植胶类型小区区划的原则和减小风速为主的有关抗寒植胶措施。 相似文献
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橡胶树寒害气象等级研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
用我国云南、海南、广东三省主要橡胶种植区内11个气象站建站的2008年11月至次年3月逐日气象资料以及橡胶寒害灾情史料,开展橡胶树寒害等级的研究,为规范橡胶树寒害调查、统计和评估业务提供参考。根据橡胶树寒害的特点,提出橡胶树平流型低温天气过程、辐射型低温天气过程的概念,给出了橡胶树平流型寒害、辐射型寒害和混合型寒害的明确定义,并用极端最低气温、最大降温幅度、寒害持续日数、辐射型积寒、平流型积寒和最长平流寒害过程的持续日数共6个致灾因子,构建寒害指数。依据寒害指数的大小,将橡胶树寒害分为轻度、中度、重度、特重四个等级。同时给出了橡胶树遭受不同寒害等级时可能导致的橡胶干胶减产率和橡胶树受害率的参考值。 相似文献
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滇东南橡胶树寒害后次期性害虫危害状况调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
调查了2011年1月云南滇东南橡胶树遭受特大寒害后,引发了以橡胶树小蠹虫类为主的次期性害虫的严重发生和危害,共调查橡胶树6 541株,其中受小蠹虫危害株418株,橡胶树虫蛀率6%,共采集成虫标本232头,种类分属小蠹科Scolytidae、长小蠹科Platypodidae、锯谷盗科Siovanidae、露甲科Nitidulidae等4科4属5种,暗翅材小蠹(Xyleborus semiopacus)和对粒材小蠹(Xyleborus perforans)为优势种;调查还对由于频繁的自然灾害和长年的营养失衡导致橡胶树群体衰退是橡胶林次期性害虫大发生的潜在和根本的原因进行探讨;提出需要对滇东南植胶环境重新研究和评价,对植胶半个多世纪所依循的技术体系和经营体制进行重新审视,以期实现重大变革,使滇东南植胶业得以持续发展。 相似文献
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Hendrien Beukema Finn Danielsen Grégoire Vincent Suryo Hardiwinoto Jelte van Andel 《Agroforestry Systems》2007,70(3):217-242
Plant and bird diversity in the Indonesian jungle rubber agroforestry system was compared to that in primary forest and rubber
plantations by integrating new and existing data from a lowland rain forest area in Sumatra. Jungle rubber gardens are low-input
rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) agroforests that structurally resemble secondary forest and in which wild species are tolerated by the farmer. As primary
forests have almost completely disappeared from the lowlands of the Sumatra peneplain, our aim was to assess the contribution
of jungle rubber as a land use type to the conservation of plant and bird species, especially those that are associated with
the forest interior of primary and old secondary forest. Species-accumulation curves were compiled for terrestrial and epiphytic
pteridophytes, trees and birds, and for subsets of ‘forest species’ of terrestrial pteridophytes and birds. Comparing jungle
rubber and primary forest, groups differed in relative species richness patterns. Species richness in jungle rubber was slightly
higher (terrestrial pteridophytes), similar (birds) or lower (epiphytic pteridophytes, trees, vascular plants as a whole)
than in primary forest. For subsets of ‘forest species’ of terrestrial pteridophytes and birds, species richness in jungle
rubber was lower than in primary forest. For all groups, species richness in jungle rubber was generally higher than in rubber
plantations. Although species conservation in jungle rubber is limited by management practices and by a slash-and-burn cycle
for replanting of about 40 years, this forest-like land use does support species diversity in an impoverished landscape increasingly
dominated by monoculture plantations. 相似文献
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Hua Wu Yingwen Pan Rong Di Qiguang He Mamy Jayne Nelly Rajaofera Wenbo Liu Fucong Zheng Weiguo Miao 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(5)
Powdery mildew is a foliar disease of rubber trees. It is one of the most important leaf diseases in rubber plantations worldwide. The causal agent of this powdery mildew, previously known as Oidium heveae, has been identified under various names. To precisely identify the causal agents of this disease, 57 conidial samples were collected from 2013 to 2017 in Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces, the main rubber tree planting regions in China. Based on morphological observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, pathogenicity testing, and nrDNA ITS and 28S sequences, Erysiphe quercicola is suggested as the only causal agent of rubber tree powdery mildew in China. 相似文献