壳寡糖诱导草莓细胞活性氧代谢的变化

 以草莓悬浮培养的细胞为对象, 研究了壳寡糖处理对活性氧代谢的效应。结果表明, 壳寡糖可诱导草莓悬浮培养细胞的活性氧迸发, 其峰值出现于20～30 min , 同时也可诱导活性氧清除酶活性上升,SOD 和CAT活性的最大值在处理后60～90 min。     

壳寡糖在蔬菜生产上的应用

在已有研究成果的基础上,结合生产经验,总结了壳寡糖在蔬菜生产上应用情况。主要介绍了壳寡糖在蔬菜生产上的应用、使用方法与注意事项等内容。     

不同乙酰度壳寡糖对马家柚幼苗光合特性及根系的影响

为了探讨施用壳寡糖对马家柚幼苗的作用，以盆栽马家柚为材料，研究了不同乙酰度(10%、50%、90%)壳寡糖(聚合度为2～10)不同浓度(5、20和50 mg/L)叶面喷施对马家柚幼苗光合特性、幼苗根系生长的影响。结果表明，与对照(蒸馏水)相比，3种乙酰度壳寡糖一定浓度处理对马家柚幼苗的叶绿素a和叶面积有显著的促进作用；10%乙酰度壳寡糖20 mg/L处理使马家柚幼苗光合速率和水分利用率分别提高19.73%和68.15%;3种乙酰度壳寡糖多数浓度处理可显著提高马家柚幼苗的表观电子传递效率，而对实际光化学电子产量和光化学淬灭没有显著影响；10%乙酰度壳寡糖50 mg/L处理显著增加了马家柚实生幼苗的根长、根表面积和根干质量，对根系生长具有明显的促进作用。10%乙酰度壳寡糖一定浓度叶面喷施能提高马家柚幼苗的光合速率，促进叶片和根系生长。     

壳寡糖处理对甜樱桃采后贮藏品质的影响

以甜樱桃为试材，采用浸泡的方法，研究了不同浓度壳寡糖溶液对甜樱桃贮藏期间的腐烂率、失重率、褐变指数等及与苯丙烷代谢相关多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶等酶活性的影响，以期为壳寡糖溶液在甜樱桃果实保鲜过程中的应用提供参考依据。结果表明：1.0%浓度的壳寡糖溶液降低了甜樱桃在贮藏期间的失重率与腐败率，延缓了褐变的发生以及可滴定酸、维生素C、总酚含量的下降，提高了多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性，抑制了丙二醛含量，降低了膜脂质过氧化水平。壳寡糖处理能有效防止甜樱桃果实的衰老褐变并提高苯丙烷代谢相关酶活性，增强甜樱桃采后果实的抗病能力。     

壳寡糖对茄子棒孢叶斑病的防治效果研究

采用盆栽试验研究壳寡糖对茄子棒孢叶斑病的防治效果和减药效果。结果表明,100μg·m L~(-1)壳寡糖喷雾诱导茄子幼苗3次,对茄子棒孢叶斑病具有良好的防治效果,防效达62.56%。防御酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著提高。100μg·m L~(-1)壳寡糖诱导3次后喷施50μg·m L~(-1)啶酰菌胺与单独喷施100μg·m L~(-1)啶酰菌胺均能显著降低茄子棒孢叶斑病病情指数,且二者防效相当,表明壳寡糖具有明显的减药作用。     

简述壳寡糖诱导蔬菜作物抗性上的研究进展

本文从壳寡糖与蔬菜作物抗病性、诱导环境胁迫抗性、种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,简要概述了其诱导效应及其作用机理,旨在通过综述壳寡糖在诱导蔬菜作物上的抗性研究,以期推进其理论研究与生产实践的融合。     

壳寡糖对‘夏黑’葡萄着色和果实品质的影响初报

壳寡糖(GS-chitosan oligosaccharide)是一种植物诱抗剂,在植物生长调节及诱导植物抗逆性和抗病性等方面显示出较大的应用潜力。在浙江省玉环县,设施栽培‘夏黑’葡萄采用叶面喷雾和根部浇灌壳寡糖,结果表明,壳寡糖能有效促进‘夏黑’葡萄果实着色,改善果实品质,以500倍液小分子(分子质量1 000 D)壳寡糖根部浇灌的效果最佳,葡萄着色指数93.3,可溶性固形物含量17.00%,高于对照2个百分点。     

Mycokick菌剂对连作草莓的影响

在盆栽条件下,研究了Mycokick菌剂对草莓连作障碍的影响。结果表明,Mycokick菌剂能显著增加草莓的叶绿素含量,促进草莓的生长,提高草莓的生物量;同时,使超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性上升,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降,细胞膜相对透性降低,根系活力增强。表明Mycokick菌剂能显著增强草莓的抗连作障碍的能力。     

壳寡糖对真姬菇菌丝体生长的影响

以真姬菇菌丝为试材,在培养基中加入不同浓度的壳寡糖,测定真姬菇固体平板培养菌丝体的生长速度及液体发酵菌丝体干重,研究不同浓度的壳寡糖对真姬菇菌丝体生长的影响。结果表明:添加量为0.001mg/mL的壳寡糖对真姬菇菌丝体生长速度、菌丝体生物量、纤维素酶活性具有明显的促进作用,而添加量为0.100mg/mL的壳寡糖对真姬菇菌丝体生长有一定的抑制作用。     

壳寡糖对早熟温州蜜柑果实品质的影响

正壳寡糖(chito-oligosaccharide,COS)是壳聚糖的降解产物,是指由2～10个氨基葡糖通过β-(1,4)糖苷键连接而成的直链或支链的低度聚合物。壳聚糖广泛存在于虾蟹壳、真菌动物及某些植物的细胞壁中,是自然界唯一大量存在的碱性氨基多糖,因此,如何开发利用这类丰富的资源已成为研     

‘富士’苹果花粉原生质体分离初探

以‘富士’苹果（Malus × domestica Borkh.‘Fuji’）成熟花粉为试材,采用“萌发—酶解二步法”,初步探讨了影响原生质体分离的关键因子,获得了花粉原生质体分离的最佳条件：用萌发后45 min的花粉,转入含1%纤维素酶和1%离析酶的混合酶液中,以18%甘露醇调节渗透压,静置酶解6 h,花粉原生质体分离效率可达6.83%,用0.1%荧光增白剂检测表明脱壁完全,用0.01% FDA检测表明其具有生活力,可以作为后续细胞融合等的材料。     

Immunohistochemical localization of phospholipase D in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) fruits

Phospholipase D, the key enzyme involved in membrane phospholipid catabolism, was localized in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) fruits during development using immunohistochemical techniques. Typical structural features such as the nucleus, cell wall, plasma membrane, mitochondria and vacuole were noticeable in cells of young strawberry fruits. Cytoplasmic structural features were less pronounced in fully grown and turning red fruits, except cell wall, which was considerably enlarged. Also, extensive microvesiculation from the plasma membrane was noticeable in ripening fruits. The number of visible gold particles indicative of phospholipase D increased during development. Phospholipase D was found to be associated with membranous structures and vacuole. Interestingly, gold-particles could also be observed in the cell wall space in ripening fruits suggesting that cytosolic contents may have leaked into the cell wall space as a result of membrane deterioration and loss of compartmentalization. The role of phospholipase D during development and ripening of strawberry, a non-climacteric fruit, is discussed.     

草莓悬浮细胞原生质体培养再生愈伤组织

以草毒品种宝交早生的花药愈伤组织建立的悬浮细胞系为试材,对原生质体分离和再生进行研究。结果表明:酶液的渗透压、浓度和配比对悬浮细胞原生质体产量和活力有重要的影响。悬浮细胞在CPW+1.0％ Cellulase R-10+0.5 Macerozyme R-10+0.05％Pectolyase Y-23+0.6mol/L甘露醇+0.5％PVP的酶液中酶解12h,原生质体产量和活力最高,分别达16.35×10~6/g和84.6％。采用液体浅层培养法对原生质体进行培养获得了再生愈伤组织。     

草莓叶面施硒对其重金属镉和铅积累的影响

 以‘北农3号’草莓为试材,以清水喷施为对照,用0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0 mg · L^-1浓度的亚硒酸钠进行叶面喷施,定期采样进行硒、镉和铅和相关生理指标的动态监测,研究叶面施硒后重金属镉和铅在草莓机体内的积累情况和草莓生理代谢机制的变化,探明硒对镉和铅的互作效应。结果表明,草莓在展叶期和盛花期对硒的吸收能力最强,且施用2.5 ~ 5.0 mg · L^-1适宜浓度硒后,硒可通过清除膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）,保护细胞膜的完整性,降低重金属离子的含量,有效抑制草莓叶片和果实对重金属镉和铅的吸收,证明叶面施硒不仅是草莓补硒的较好手段,而且适宜浓度的硒可减少草莓对重金属镉和铅的吸收。     

利用RT-PCR对脱毒草莓苗病毒检测研究

利用RT-PCR技术,以草莓肌动蛋白基因序列为内标,结合4种草莓病毒特异性扩增,检测草莓组培脱毒苗是否脱毒情况。结果表明:此内标与这4种草莓病毒的特异性扩增的结合,能较好达到病毒检测的目的,减少了结果判断的盲目性,为准确、快速检测草莓脱毒苗提供了一套较为完整的试验方法。     

Methods of staining and visualization of sphingolipid enriched and non-enriched plasma membrane regions of Arabidopsis thaliana with fluorescent dyes and lipid analogues

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sterols and Sphingolipids form lipid clusters in the plasma membranes of cell types throughout the animal and plant kingdoms. These lipid domains provide a medium for protein signaling complexes at the plasma membrane and are also observed to be principal regions of membrane contact at the inception of infection. We visualized different specific fluorescent lipophilic stains of the both sphingolipid enriched and non-sphingolipid enriched regions in the plasma membranes of live protoplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS: Lipid staining protocols for several fluorescent lipid analogues in plants are presented. The most emphasis was placed on successful protocols for the single and dual staining of sphingolipid enriched regions and exclusion of sphingolipid enriched regions on the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts. A secondary focus was placed to ensure that these staining protocols presented still maintain cell viability. Furthermore, the protocols were successfully tested with the spectrally sensitive dye Laurdan. CONCLUSION: Almost all existing staining procedures of the plasma membrane with fluorescent lipid analogues are specified for animal cells and tissues. In order to develop lipid staining protocols for plants, procedures were established with critical steps for the plasma membrane staining of Arabidopsis leaf tissue and protoplasts. The success of the plasma membrane staining protocols was additionally verified by measurements of lipid dynamics by the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique and by the observation of new phenomena such as time dependent lipid polarization events in living protoplasts, for which a putative physiological relevance is suggested.     

A possible influence of pedicel dimensions on fruit size and yield in strawberry

During the investigation of factors affecting fruit size in strawberry, the physical characteristics of the fruiting structure were examined as a possible cause of size limitation in fruit. The greatest total weight of fruit which can be sustained at any one time on an inflorescence appeared to be related to the dimensions of the main peduncle. At this limit the fruit yield may be no more than half the potential fruit yield of the inflorescence, indicating that unless ripe berries are removed development of immature berries may be restricted or stopped.This implies that under conventional management high yields will require frequent picking to achieve full potential. Once-over cropping, as in mechanical harvesting, may entail accepting yields one half or less of those now being obtained by conventional hand picking.It is suggested that if evaporative losses from ripe berries can be reduced, as by cloching, tunnelling, windbreaks, or plant breeding for less permeable cell walls, increased yields might be expected.     

氨基寡糖素对西瓜枯萎病的防治试验

研究了0.5%氨基寡糖素对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果.试验结果表明,在第2次处理后36 d,喷施0.5%氨基寡糖素1次,2次对西瓜枯萎病的防效分别达64.1%,83.8%;调查时还发现.氨基寡糖素处理区西瓜植株健壮,根系发达,最终产量高、品质好.