玉米偏垄宽窄行种植方式的增产作用和生理特性研究

以辽宁省主栽玉米品种沈玉21为试验材料,进行偏垄宽窄行种植方式的研究。试验以常规种植方式为对照,研究偏垄宽窄行种植方式的增产效果、生理指标变化和群体结构特点。结果表明,偏垄宽窄行种植方式单位面积产量显著高于常规种植,粒重与穗粒数明显增加,生物产量提高;偏垄宽窄行种植方式改善了玉米冠层结构,特别是明显改善了冠层中下部通风透光条件;偏垄宽窄行种植方式叶面积指数增大且持续时间较长,冠层内CO₂浓度明显增加。     

玉米宽窄行种植的土壤环境变化研究

经过1995～2001年7年的定位试验,重点研究了玉米宽窄行种植的土壤养分、土壤水分、土壤硬度及其它土壤物理性状的变化,提出了玉米宽窄行种植土壤环境变化的量化指标,对指导农业生产具有重要的意义。     

玉米宽窄行交替休闲保护性耕种的土壤水分变化规律研究

通过采用玉米宽窄行种植、行间深松作业,结合不同方式秸秆还田的试验研究,明确了玉米宽窄交替休闲种植土壤水分变化的量化指标及在不同深松深度与宽度条件下土壤水分变化规律。试验结果表明,在吉林省中部地区,采用玉米宽窄行种植,行间进行深松作业,建立了土壤水库,可有效蓄积夏秋降雨。     

黑龙江省早熟地区玉米宽窄行种植技术应用研究

2008～2009年在黑龙江省克山县进行玉米宽窄行保护性耕作试验,设宽窄行与常规垄作两个处理,在不同生长阶段分别测量土壤水分、土壤容重、土壤硬度和玉米产量。结果表明,宽窄行种植与常规垄作相比,宽窄行种植土壤保水性能比常规垄作效果明显,土壤容重、硬度比常规垄作低,土壤性能得到改善,该技术减少作业环节,降低生产成本,较常规垄作增产8.3%～11.32%。     

宽窄行栽培对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

通过不同宽窄行栽培对玉米的产量动态进行分析。结果表明：宽窄行栽培有效改善了玉米的群体结构,改善了冠层的微环境,增加了中部冠层的透光率,促进个体生长发育,增加其LAI和干物质积累。宽窄行种植方式增加穗位叶的初始量子效率,使叶片能有效地利用弱光,改善玉米叶片的光合性能,最终提高玉米产量。     

两种熟期类型青贮玉米品种对两种春播种植模式的增产效应

为探索适宜沧州生态类型区春播青贮玉米的种植模式,于2018—2019年开展了两种熟期类型(长生育期型和短生育期型)青贮玉米在两种种植模式(覆膜宽窄行种植和露地等行种植)的田间比较试验,研究其对物候期、抗倒伏性、农艺性状、产量和经济效益的影响.结果表明:覆膜宽窄行模式能促进青贮玉米成熟,成熟期提前4.5～5.5 d,短生...     

玉米宽窄行交替休闲种植根系分布规律研究

通过根钻法研究了宽窄行种植模式下玉米根系干重和空间分布。结果表明：在不同生育时期宽窄行深松处理根系干重高于宽窄行未深松处理,且在吐丝期和乳熟期达到显著水平。     

浅析东北地区玉米种植模式及其发展趋势

我国东北地区种植的主要农作物多以玉米为主,现今我国玉米种植模式已从单一式转变为多样式。本文主要探讨了东北地区等行距种植、宽窄行种植及双株等距等种植模式,重点分析了双行交错技术的应用与发展,并对东北地区玉米种植模式的发展趋势进行展望。     

株行配置对春玉米根冠空间分布及产量的影响

以先玉335为试验材料,设置7.50万株/hm2和9.75万株/hm2两个种植密度,60 cm+60 cm等行距和40 cm+80 cm宽窄行两个行距配置,比较株行配置对春玉米冠层、根系结构与功能及产量的影响。结果表明,随种植密度增加,果穗、茎鞘干重百分比垂直分布明显上移,叶片干重百分比在垂直分布变化较小,行距配置对果穗、茎鞘干重百分比在垂直分布上影响较小。相对于等行距种植,宽窄行种植叶片干重百分比有下移趋势,群体不同叶位叶面积指数也表现为同一密度下,宽窄行种植群体上层LAI较小,穗位叶高效叶层LAI较大;随密度增加,根重有纵向下移的趋势,根系TTC还原强度在不同土层深度都显著降低。同一密度下,宽窄行种植根重的垂直分布出现下移趋势,根系TTC还原强度略高于等行距种植。高密度条件下,宽窄行种植降低了玉米果穗秃尖长,显著增加果穗穗粒数,因而显著提高产量,增产2.73%~10.86%,说明在宁夏扬黄灌区较高种植密度下,采用宽窄行种植能优化不同叶层结构,适当增加深层土壤根系所占比例及活力,有利于获得高产。     

甘蔗间套种模式初探

研究不同甘蔗种植行距(等行距、宽窄行)套种玉米后对产量及综合效益的影响。试验结果表明,甘蔗间套玉米以宽行140cm行距种双行玉米,窄行80cm行距不间套的种植方式为宜,兼顾了甘蔗和玉米的生长,达到两种作物双收的效果,从而实现农业增产、增收。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.