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木薯寒冻害等级划分指标研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
[目的]探索木薯寒害冻害等级划分的形态指标及方法。[方法]开展室内人工模拟木薯寒害冻害试验。在极端低温0~4℃条件下处理1~3 d,置室内,7、20 d后观察。[结果]茎杆芽眼死坏率和块根黑斑占切面比率均随温度的降低而增加,随低温持续时间延长而增加;茎杆干枯率不完全呈规律性变化;茎杆变色损伤率、髓部变色率及乳胶的量的变化率小或表现不明显。[结论]茎杆芽眼死坏率适合作为木薯茎杆寒冻害等级划分形态指标;块根黑斑占切面比率适合作为木薯块根的寒冻害等级划分形态指标。同时,确定了木薯寒害冻害等级划分标准。 相似文献
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2009年1~2月对广西武鸣、扶绥、桂平、武宣、象州等地的荔枝、龙眼果园寒冻害情况进行调查,以探讨广西荔枝、龙眼的冻害类型、受害程度及相关分级标准,为广西荔枝、龙眼寒冻害预警及防治提供指导。结果表明,所调查荔枝、龙眼果园受害率从5.00%~100.00%不等,主要表现为叶片、枝条、顶芽及花穗等不同程度坏死干枯,甚至整株死亡,其中末次梢平均受害率为83.15%;根据叶片、末次梢、顶芽等受害表观症状,认定广西荔枝、龙眼寒冻害等级多在0~2级之间,而个别地区的冻害等级则介于0~5级之间;低温霜冻是造成广西荔枝、龙眼寒冻害的主要原因,但果园地形、地势、风向、管理水平及周围环境的影响也不容忽视。 相似文献
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为减少福建省引种台湾青枣寒冻害损失,根据气象资料、寒冻害形态学标准以及寒冻害试验灾情样本,采用低温分型进行分类,确定了平流型、辐射型和混合型3种低温类型下的台湾青枣寒冻害低温指标特征。结果表明,不同类型的低温与寒冻害等级间均有显著的负相关关系;不同低温类型下,出现寒冻害的临界温度阈值依次为:辐射型≤无分型≤平流型≤混合型;在轻级(1级)寒冻害区间,同一低温强度下平流型和辐射型青枣寒冻害程度较接近,均较混合型寒冻害轻;在中级(2级)寒冻害区间,同一低温强度下平流型青枣寒冻害程度较混合型轻,辐射型青枣寒冻害程度介于二者之间;在重、严重级(3、4级)寒冻害区间,同一低温强度下辐射型、混合型、平流型青枣寒冻害程度依次减轻。以漳州市平和县寒冻害个例进行验证表明,低温分型寒冻害等级指标与实际寒冻害等级对比印证的准确率为75%;低温分型寒冻害等级指标准确率较无低温分型寒冻害等级指标高。 相似文献
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本文主要分析研究了香蕉冻害的致灾气象因子及气候风险区域化、低温胁迫对香蕉生理生化指标的影响、香蕉防寒栽培技术。其中,针对香蕉冻害致灾气象因子的部分,主要分析了气象因子分析与产量的关系以及广西的气候风险区域划分;从香蕉和粉蕉幼苗外部形态、细胞膜稳定性、渗透调节物质、抗氧化能力四个方面研究了低温胁迫对香蕉生理生化指标的影响 相似文献
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1989年1月中旬至2月上旬,广西植胶垦区,又出现了一次强平流寒潮,使垦区胶树遭受了1至3级以上的寒害损失,估计今年的干胶总产量,可能从去年的3188.8吨,又下跌到1985年2100吨左有的水平。其中合浦垦区的寒潮强度最大,胶树的寒害损失,是该地区植胶以来最重的一年。其次是博白县的长春农场,主要产胶品系93—114的寒 相似文献
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【目的】评估新疆棉花障碍型冷害精细化风险,为新疆棉花种植业规避冷害提供科学依据。【方法】以1951~2015年新疆66个农业气象站点逐日数据为基础,利用并分析MODLT1M中国1KM地表温度月合成产品2000~2016年每年9月LTN AVG数据资料,以日平均气温连续3 d≤20oC为棉花障碍型冷害判定指标。根据已有的冷害风险评估指标概念模型,计算冷害强度与频率分指标。通过将次冷害强度和次冷害频率升尺度为年冷害强度和冷害年频率构建综合冷害风险指标,将原本松散的冷害频率和强度关系突显出来,依据二者之间的稳定函数关系,确定冷害年频率等级来对应冷害年强度等级,划分冷害风险指标各临界阈值。以地理因子归一化加合趋势面+温度趋势面校正的方法,准确推算新疆棉花冷害风险指标。紧密结合风险等级划分与风险指标推算结果,评估新疆棉花冷害风险。【结果】新疆棉花障碍型冷害发生风险北疆高于南疆和东疆,北疆西部沿天山一带棉花种植区冷害风险自西向东逐渐增加。模型模拟冷害风险指标值与站点实测计算值之间无明显差异,两者散点图线性拟合R2为0.97,结果准确。【结论】研究构建的评估方法能够实现对新疆棉花障碍型冷害风险的客观评价,所构建的方法论不仅适用于棉花,还可适用于其他作物冷害的风险评估。 相似文献
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龙眼越冬期间冠层温度与大气温度关系的初步分析(英文) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
[Objective] The study aimed to provide supports for developing chilling and freezing injury monitoring and disaster damage assessment of longan(Dimocarpus Longan Lour.).[Method] Based on field observation data,the relationships between longan canopy temperature and air temperature under different weather types(sunny,cloudy to sunny,cloudy,rainy,radiation chilling injury and advection chilling injury)in 2007-2008 winter were analyzed.[Result] Diurnal variations of longan canopy temperature under sunny and radiation chilling injury weather conditions were most dramatic,followed with those under cloudy to sunny condition,while variations under cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury conditions were mild.Diurnal variations of orchard air temperature were also closely related to weather types.By using linear and curvilinear regression methods,the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature were established.The models for cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury had better effects than those for sunny,cloudy to sunny and radiation chilling injury;the models for night were better than those for daytime and the whole day.[Conclusion] To some extent,applying the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature could make up the shortcoming of meteorological data which were higher than the real values. 相似文献
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A Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship between Longan Canopy Temperature and Air Temperature during Overwintering Period 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MENG Wen-jiao TAN Zong-kun LIU Chun-feng .Xingbin Fruit Bureau in Laibin City Guangxi Province Laibin .Guangxi Meteorological Disaster Mitigation Institute Nanning .Laibin Meteorological Bureau Guangxi Province Laibin 《(《农业科学与技术》)编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The study aimed to provide supports for developing chilling and freezing injury monitoring and disaster damage assessment of longan(Dimocarpus Longan Lour.).[Method] Based on field observation data,the relationships between longan canopy temperature and air temperature under different weather types(sunny,cloudy to sunny,cloudy,rainy,radiation chilling injury and advection chilling injury)in 2007-2008 winter were analyzed.[Result] Diurnal variations of longan canopy temperature under sunny and radiation chilling injury weather conditions were most dramatic,followed with those under cloudy to sunny condition,while variations under cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury conditions were mild.Diurnal variations of orchard air temperature were also closely related to weather types.By using linear and curvilinear regression methods,the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature were established.The models for cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury had better effects than those for sunny,cloudy to sunny and radiation chilling injury;the models for night were better than those for daytime and the whole day.[Conclusion] To some extent,applying the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature could make up the shortcoming of meteorological data which were higher than the real values. 相似文献
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《(《农业科学与技术》)编辑部》2008,(4)
[Objective] The study aimed to provide supports for developing chilling and freezing injury monitoring and disaster damage assessment of longan(Dimocarpus Longan Lour.).[Method] Based on field observation data,the relationships between longan canopy temperature and air temperature under different weather types(sunny,cloudy to sunny,cloudy,rainy,radiation chilling injury and advection chilling injury)in 2007-2008 winter were analyzed.[Result] Diurnal variations of longan canopy temperature under sunny and radiation chilling injury weather conditions were most dramatic,followed with those under cloudy to sunny condition,while variations under cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury conditions were mild.Diurnal variations of orchard air temperature were also closely related to weather types.By using linear and curvilinear regression methods,the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature were established.The models for cloudy,rainy and advection chilling injury had better effects than those for sunny,cloudy to sunny and radiation chilling injury;the models for night were better than those for daytime and the whole day.[Conclusion] To some extent,applying the relationship models between longan canopy temperature and observation station air temperature could make up the shortcoming of meteorological data which were higher than the real values. 相似文献
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[目的]为开展龙眼寒害冻害监测及灾损评估提供依据。[方法]基于野外实测数据,按晴天、多云到晴、阴天、雨天及辐射寒害、平流寒害(湿冷)等天气类型,分析2007~2008年度冬季龙眼冠层温度与大气温度的变化关系。[结果]晴天和辐射寒害天气下龙眼冠层温度昼夜变化最为剧烈,多云到晴天气次之,阴天、雨天和平流寒害天气下变化相对平缓;果园大气温度昼夜变化同样与天气类型有关。按天气类型建立的观测站大气温度与冠层温度之间的线性、曲线回归关系模型表明,阴天、雨天和平流寒害天气模型效果好于多云到晴、晴天及辐射寒害天气,夜间模型效果好于全天和白天。[结论]该研究建立的关系模型可在一定程度上弥补观测站温度偏高的不足。 相似文献
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2011年早春我国香蕉寒害调查及寒害后恢复对策 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
【目的】了解2011年早春低温对我国香蕉生产的影响,提出寒害后香蕉恢复生产的技术措施,为香蕉抗寒栽培提供技术支持。【方法】2011年3月9~16日对我国香蕉主产区广西、广东、海南、云南、福建进行分片区实地寒害调查,对挂果株及待生产用的大、中、小吸芽进行田间解剖分析诊断。【结果】挂果株受寒害影响较吸芽植株敏感,大、中、小吸芽抗寒能力依次增强;同纬度区域高海拔香蕉受寒害比低海拔严重;此次低温对广西中部区域香蕉影响最为严重,挂果株产量损失超过50%,且只能留中小型吸芽作为生产株;广东、海南区域香蕉受寒害影响最小,其他区域居中。【建议】采用覆盖天地膜过冬、喷水保湿、套袋护果御寒等措施;选留受寒害后萌发的吸芽为下造生产株,做好蕉园管理工作,促进吸芽早萌发、早定芽;选育抗寒品种。【目的】了解2011年早春低温对我国香蕉生产的影响,提出寒害后香蕉恢复生产的技术措施,为香蕉抗寒栽培提供技术支持。【方法】2011年3月9~16日对我国香蕉主产区广西、广东、海南、云南、福建进行分片区实地寒害调查,对挂果株及待生产用的大、中、小吸芽进行田间解剖分析诊断。【结果】挂果株受寒害影响较吸芽植株敏感,大、中、小吸芽抗寒能力依次增强;同纬度区域高海拔香蕉受寒害比低海拔严重;此次低温对广西中部区域香蕉影响最为严重,挂果株产量损失超过50%,且只能留中小型吸芽作为生产株;广东、海南区域香蕉受寒害影响最小,其他区域居中。【建议】采用覆盖天地膜过冬、喷水保湿、套袋护果御寒等措施;选留受寒害后萌发的吸芽为下造生产株,做好蕉园管理工作,促进吸芽早萌发、早定芽;选育抗寒品种。 相似文献
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香蕉寒害及防寒栽培技术研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
香蕉对温度极为敏感,抗寒性差,香蕉抗寒的研究和预测防御是我国香蕉生产长期存在的关键性难题.文章参考近30年的有关文献,对香蕉的寒害定义、寒害症状、寒害生理学、气象学、防寒栽培措施等进行综述,指出我国香蕉寒害研究存在关键概念混淆、实际生产尚不能应用外源物质提高香蕉抗寒能力、香蕉生产主要分布于种植的次适宜区、香蕉寒害后产供失衡、缺乏抗寒品种等问题,并针对存在的问题提出了相应对策,以期为香蕉寒害的研究、防寒栽培、灾后恢复生产及抗寒品种选育提供参考依据. 相似文献
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漳州香蕉低温害分析的GIS应用 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
利用地理信息系统(GIS),使用“数字福建”工程提供的地理信息数据,应用已建立的模式,推算漳州市网格精度为50m×50m分辨率的年度极端最低气温平均值;根据给定的分级指标显示漳州香蕉低温害的空间分布情况;结合地形影响的分析揭示漳州香蕉低温害的分布特征. 相似文献