信阳地区黄麻立枯病的发生情况与综合防治

为减少信阳地区黄麻种植中病害的发生,达到高产稳产,提高黄麻质量的目的.该实验对本地区当年发生最严重的黄麻立枯病进行跟踪调查,并统计出几个品种的被害率,常规黄麻最高值达63.10％,菜用黄麻达97.40％,严重影响了黄麻的产量与质量.通过分析其发生原因,提出了合理的防治方法,以期为更好的种植黄麻提供依据.     

关于黄麻科研的一些浅见

一、黄麻的生产趋势和科研目标从国内外黄麻产销的新形势,新特点来看,我国黄麻生产正面临着一个新的发展阶段。近年来,印度和孟加拉两个主产黄麻国家,由于对黄麻纤维变性处理的研究成功和麻纺工艺的改进,已显著地提高了麻     

黄麻增施钾肥的效应

我县是广东省黄麻主产区之一,栽培面积3万多亩。由于麻田集中,多年连作,施用有机肥料减少,化学氮肥偏多,造成黄麻炭疽病、金边叶病、立枯病逐年严重。为了解决这一问题,1980—1982年,我们在粘质土和砂质土麻田中进行了增施氯化钾肥试验,对防治黄麻病害、增加黄麻产量有良好的效果.     

气象条件对黄麻产量的影响

生产实验证明:气象条件是农作物产量形成的重要因素,它对黄麻产量的作用和影响,迄今尚未见有分析报导。为了认识气象条件(温度、日照、降雨量)与黄麻产量的关系,以便采取相应的技术措施,促进黄麻生产的进一步提高,我们就1971—1979年气象条件对黄麻产量的影响进行了分析。     

信阳地区菜用黄麻立枯病的发生情况及对产量的影响

为减少信阳地区菜用黄麻种植中病害的发生，达到高产稳产，提高菜麻质量的目的。该实验对本地区2011年度发生最严重的黄麻立枯病进行跟踪调查，并统计出几个品种的被害率，被害率最高达97．40％，严重影响了菜麻的产量与品质。通过分析其发生原因，提出了合理的防治方法，以期为更好的种植菜用黄麻提供依据。     

近年来国内外黄麻红麻产销情况和短期展望

联合国粮农组织商品问题委员会政府间黄麻红麻小组于1985年12月初在总部罗马召开了第21届政府间黄麻、红麻会议,分析了世界黄麻、红麻和类似纤维市场的近来发展情况和进行了黄麻、红麻产销的短期展望。现结合我国黄麻、红麻产销情况谈谈以下一些意见,供研究参考。国外黄麻红麻生产,从1981年以来连续三年下降,年产量减少到310万吨,1984     

4GHM-12型黄麻、红麻收割机通过鉴定

为提高黄麻、红麻收割的生产效率、降低劳动强度,中国农业科学院麻类研究所与湖南省农业机械研究所共同研制成4GHM-12型黄麻、红麻收割机,经过性能测定和大面积生产考核,该机已达到设计要求,基本满足黄麻、红麻收割的农艺要求,据此,中国农业科学院科研管理部、湖南省机械工业局受农业部、农机部委托,     

黄麻间苗定苗时间及次数与群体生长

可以设想,在黄麻生产上,与其它栽培措施一样,不同间苗定苗的时间及次数对黄麻群体生长有不同的影响。至于什么时间进行间苗定苗、间苗多少次才最有利于麻苗的早生快发及以后的群体生长,则未见有较详细的报道。因此,本试验拟研究几种不同间苗定苗方法对黄麻生长的影响,期望为黄麻生产提供一些参考资料。     

关于黄麻科研的一些浅见

一、黄麻的生产趋势和科研目标 从国内外黄麻产销的新形势，新特点来看，我国黄麻生产正面临着一个新的发展阶段。     

世界黄麻红麻生产概况与发展前景

本文报道了2009年国际天然纤维年的有关学术活动,综述了世界黄麻红麻主产国生产面积、单产水平、育种成效和出口状况,评述了黄麻红麻发展前景,以期为加速我国麻类产业技术体系建设和推动2009年国际天然纤维宣传活动,提供有价值的生产与科技发展资讯.     

黄麻红麻生物质高效利用与区域发展产业带建设

本文从黄麻红麻生物质高效利用与区域发展产业带建设的战略高度,综述了国内外黄麻、红麻纤维与生物质高效利用的系列最新研究成果,分析了现阶段已研发成果的产业化前景与国内外市场需求,提出了利用黄红麻作为生物质能源、纸浆、绒毛浆、纺织面料、轻型建材、友好吸附型材料、麻塑、麻地膜、食用保健油及CLA医疗保健品产业化与区域发展的战略思考,对促进我国黄红麻的发展、提高我国黄麻红麻核心竞争力有重要的理论与现实意义。     

黄麻红麻生物质高效利用与区域发展产业带建设

本文从黄麻红麻生物质高效利用与区域发展产业带建设的战略高度，综述了国内外黄麻、红麻纤维与生物质高效利用的系列最新研究成果，分析了现阶段已研发成果的产业化前景与国内外市场需求，提出了利用黄红麻作为生物质能源、纸浆、绒毛浆、纺织面料、轻型建材、友好吸附型材料、麻塑、麻地膜、食用保健油及CLA医疗保健品产业化与区域发展的战略思考，对促进我国黄红麻的右展、撂高我国昔麻红麻核心童每力有重要的理论与现实意义．     

Mechanical and water absorption properties of woven jute/banana hybrid composites

This work aims to predict the mechanical properties of woven jute/banana hybrid composite. Woven fabrics are arranged in three layers of different sequence. Resin used in this work is Epoxy LY556 with hardener HY951. Composite specimen are prepared by hand-layup techniques. The effect of layering sequence on the mechanical properties namely tensile, flexural and impact was analysed. It is found that the tensile and flexural strength of hybrid composite (Banana/Jute/Banana) is higher than that of individual composites. Similarly, the impact strength of Jute/Banana/Jute hybrid composite is better than other types of composite. It is found that the moisture absorption of woven banana fiber composite is lesser than the hybrid composite. Fractography study of the fractured specimen is carried out using scanning electron microscope to analyse the fracture behaviour of the hybrid composite.     

Preparation and characterization of jute fabrics reinforced urethane based thermoset composites: Effect of UV radiation

Jute fabrics reinforced thermoset composites were prepared with different formulations using urethane acrylate oligomer, methanol, and benzyl peroxide. Jute fabrics were soaked in the prepared formulations and fiber content in the composites was optimized with the extent of mechanical properties. Among all the resulting composites, 55 wt% jute content at oligomer:methanol:benzyl peroxide=75:24.5:0.5 (w/w/w) ratio showed best mechanical properties. The optimized jute fabrics were cured under UV radiation at different intensities and their mechanical properties were measured. Jute fabrics were treated with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) solution of different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05 wt%) for different soaking times (1–5 min) before the composite fabrication. Optimized jute fabrics (jute fabrics treated with 0.02 wt% KMnO₄ for 2 min soaking time) were soaked in the optimized formulation and cured under UV radiation at different intensities and measured their mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopic investigation showed that surface modification improves fiber/matrix adhesion. Water uptake and soil degradation test of the treated and untreated composite samples were also performed.     

黄麻PHBV复合材料的耐湿热性能研究

用非织造布技术制作了黄麻/PHBV针刺毡，热压处理后制成黄麻/PHBV复合材料，通过对复合材料的室温、高温干态和湿态力学性能研究，用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的界面进行了表征，显示应用纤维改性技术使复合材料耐湿热性能得到明显提高。     

Experimental investigation of mechanical behavior of Jute-Flax based glass fiber reinforced composite

Present technological development and innovation needs a better class of material that meets all the practical applications along with its environmental friendly nature and economical value. Hybrid natural fiber composites, a sector of natural composites meets these requirements. This paper deals with fabrication, mechanical characterization of a hybrid (Jute+Flax+GFRP) composite and also the comparison of it with the (Jute+GFRP) based composite. These composites are fabricated using hand lay-up technique. The arrangement of hybrid composite is such that a layer of vertically laid flax fiber is flanked between layers of horizontally laid jute fiber. Epoxy resin alongside with HY951 hardener is used as the binding agent throughout the layer. Glass fiber laminates are used on both sides for improving the surface finish and surface hardness. The volumetric fraction is such that one third of total volume is occupied by Jute and Flax fibers. Test results shows that the hybrid natural composite has excellent properties under tensile, flexural loading. At last failure morphology analysis is done using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the internal structure of the broken specimen is discussed.     

恢复黄麻生产 开发黄麻新产品

黄麻在我国具有近千年种植历史，尽管作为传统包装材料使用正居于次要地位，但由于黄麻纤维具有优质、可降解特性，我国麻纺科技人员及企业正在开发新产品，如高支黄麻纱、布；黄麻／棉、黄麻／化纤、黄麻／羊毛、黄麻／丝等混纺高档产品，以及汽车、装饰等产业用品。许多企业正呼吁恢复我国黄麻种植，以减少对孟加拉进口黄麻的依赖。     

Role of potassium permanganate and urea on the improvement of the mechanical properties of jute polypropylene composites

Jute fabrics (hessian cloth) reinforced polypropylene (PP) matrix composites (45 wt% fiber) were fabricated by compression molding. Jute fabrics were treated with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) using ultraviolet radiation in order to improve the mechanical properties of the composites. Concentration of HEMA, soaking time and radiation dose were optimized. It was found that 15% HEMA in methanol along with photoinitiator Darocur-1173 (2 %), 10 min soaking time and 20th pass of radiation rendered better performance. Urea of different concentrations (0.5–2 %) was incorporated with 15 % HEMA to monitor its effect on the properties and 1 % urea revealed the best results. For the improvement of the properties, jute fabrics were treated with potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) solution in acetone of different concentrations (0.02, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.5 %) at different soaking times (1, 2, 3, and 5 min) before the composite fabrication. Optimized jute fabrics (jute fabrics treated with 0.03 % KMnO₄) were again treated with HEMA (15 %) solution along with urea (1 %) and promising improvement of mechanical properties of the composites was observed. Scanning electron microscopy, water uptake, soil degradation and thermal aging of the treated and untreated composites were also performed.     

Optimisation of spinning parameters for processing of 100% sunnhemp fibers

This study was an attempt to spin 100% sunnhemp fibers, grown in Akola district of Maharashtra, India, on Jute spinning system. The sunnhemp fibers were first sprayed with oil and then softened. These fibers were then processed through various machine sequence by varying the number of carding and drawing machines. The yarn was spun in each case and tested for Count Strength Product and Evenness. This yarn was then used as a weft yarn to weave a 3/1-drill fabric with a cotton warp and tested for tensile strength. It was concluded that the set III with three carding and three drawing sequence gave an even yarn. The optimum twist per inch in the yarn was found to be 6.0.     

甘蔗病虫害防治技术及高效低毒农药应用

对严重影响甘蔗生产的8种甘蔗主要害虫和5种甘蔗常见流行性病害的发生危害特点进行了探讨和综述。依据甘蔗病虫害的危害特点,提出以农业防治方法为基础,物理防治灯光诱杀、生物防治为辅,减少虫源病源,统一化防为重点和抓好关键时期科学用药的综合防治措施,从而达到高效、快速、持续、有效控制甘蔗病虫害的发生危害,确保甘蔗生产持续稳定健康发展。