天农青饲一号高粱-苏丹草杂交种栽培与应用

介绍了天农青饲一号高粱—苏丹草杂交种的特征特性、栽培要点、利用方式、饲用技术及开发应用前景。     

天丰优084的特征特性及高产栽培技术

本文总结了天丰优084的特征特性,并提出了其相应的高产栽培技术。     

杂交晚籼新组合天丰优134优质高产制种技术

介绍了天丰优134(天丰A/冈恢134)亲本特征特性,并结合多年制种实践,总结提出了相应的优质高产制种技术措施.     

杂交中籼稻天丰优084优质高产制种技术

根据天丰优084(天丰A/镇恢084)父母本特征特性和3 a制种实践,总结了该组合优质高产制种技术.     

优质杂交籼稻新组合天优196高产制种技术

介绍了杂交籼稻新组合天优196及其父母本的主要特征特性,总结了该组合的制种技术要点。     

杂交晚籼新组合天优华占高产制种技术

介绍了三系杂交晚籼稻新组合天优华占的双亲特征特性及其在郴州市春季制种的高产技术.     

杂交稻新品种天优3229高产制种技术

天优3229是福建省农业科学院生物技术研究所利用天丰A与闽恢3229育成的籼型三系杂交稻新品种,于2008年通过福建省农作物品种审定。介绍了其亲本特征特性及高产制种技术。     

天优673特征特性及高产栽培技术

天优673是由福建省农科院水稻研究所用自选恢复系福恢673与广东省农科院水稻研究所的天丰A配组育成的杂交稻新组合,2006年通过福建省农作物品种审定,具有高产、稳产、米质较优等特点。介绍了天优673的特征特性及高产栽培技术要点。     

香型高产杂交水稻为天9号高产制种技术

根据为天9号(9A/R066)父母本的特征特性,结合重庆地区的气候特点,总结了其高产制种技术.     

杂交中籼新组合天丰优269高产制种技术

天丰优269(天丰A/盐恢269)是江苏沿海地区农科所育成的高产杂交中籼稻新组合,2006年通过江苏省品种审定。介绍了该组合的亲本特征特性及其高产制种技术。     

氮、磷和钾肥对菜用大豆籽粒产量和主要矿质元素积累的影响

以大豆专用型品种南农9610为材料,研究了温室大棚条件下,氮、磷和钾肥不同肥料水平对菜用大豆籽粒产量和主要矿质元素含量的影响.结果表明:适量增施氮、磷和钾肥均可明显提高大豆籽粒产量,但施肥过多则降低产量.氮肥和磷肥对菜用大豆籽粒中氮有明显促进作用,磷和钾肥对籽粒磷有促进作用,氮、磷、钾肥对籽粒钾含量均具有明显的促进作用,而钾肥对籽粒中氮含量、氮对籽粒中磷含量具有负作用.施氮使籽粒中Mg、Mn和Fe的含量和积累量先上升再下降;而籽粒中Ca则在低氮时大幅度下降,此后逐渐回升;施磷和钾使Mg、Mn、Fe和Ca含量先上升再下降.     

木薯 sRNA 测序分析及其开花相关 microRNA 的挖掘

为研究木薯花序与叶片中 sRNA 表达特性,探索 microRNA 对其开花过程的调控。本研究以木薯品种“华南 八号”花序和幼叶为材料,利用 RNA-seq 技术进行 sRNA 测序分析;并筛选开花相关 microRNAs 进行表达特性分析。 从花序和幼叶测序结果中分别获得 12 092 109 条和 11 499 655 条 sRNA 序列。花序中筛选出 139 条已知 microRNAs 和 253 条新预测 microRNA,分别预测得到 992 和 3 736 条靶基因;幼叶中筛选出 134 条已知 microRNA 和 191 条新预测 microRNAs,分别预测得到 979 和 2 603 条靶基因。最终筛选出 8 种与开花调控相关和 3 种花色调控相关的 microRNAs。 表达分析显示,miRNAs 在两样品间呈现出较大的整体性差异,并且在功能与代谢通路上也不尽相同;开花相关 microRNAs 中表达差异较大的为 miR156、miR172 和 miR169,其中 miR156 表达量在花序中高于幼叶,而 miR172 表 达量在花序中低于幼叶,推测其功能为抑制后续的开花过程,避免过度开花。本研究分析了木薯花序与幼叶中 sRNA 的整体特性,通过表达差异分析初步明确了 microRNAs 对木薯开花的调控,为进一步深入探索奠定了基础。     

Forty years of potato research: highlights, achievements and prospects

Summary The highlights and achievements of 40 years of potato research in agronomy; genetics, breeding and varietal assessment; physiology; pathology (including nematology); virology; engineering; and utilization are reviewed and the prospects for new developments are analysed. In all disciplines progress has been impressive and has changed the potato industry dramatically. Yet, some old problems remain unsolved (Phytophthora infestans, blackspot) or are returning (cyst and other nematodes) and new problems have arisen (e. g. volunteer potatoes, new strains of PVY, virulent cold-resistant strains ofPseudomonas solanacearum). The potato industry faces new challenges from society (environmentally safe production) and the consumers (improved quality). Farmers, researchers and processors have access to many new exciting techniques, tools and opportunities, such as precision farming, genetic engineering, molecular detection and analytical techniques, integrated chain management, novel preservation and processing methods. The problems and opportunities both warrant a continued effort in potato research.     

Redesigning Pest Management

SUMMARY

Social ecology provides a broad framework for critically examining the theory and practice of pest management, and the institutional and psychosocial contexts within which all theories and practices are developed and implemented. Such an analysis finds most current theories and practices seriously wanting, but also reveals extensive opportunities for innovation and improvement. The greatest need is for a shift in emphasis from a responsive, symptom-based, linear approach based on biocides and their substitutes to a proactive, holistic approach based on knowledge-intensive, ecosystem design and redesign, and whole systems management (based particularly on the further development of cultural controls). Although this will require broader parallel changes within individuals and throughout society, significant improvement can be made by focusing on small achievable initiatives and their public celebration to facilitate their spread. The developments in pest management being proposed here are regarded as one expression of the ongoing psychosocial evolution of our species.     

水稻颖花与籽粒发育模拟的初步研究

在文献资料与田间试验研究的基础上,建立了基于过程的水稻颖花原基分化与退化数、结实粒数以及灌浆动态预测的机理模型。模型量化了穗部器官发育与生理发育时间（PDT）及环境因子的动态关系,确定了穗部籽粒发育的不均衡性与开花时间和同化物供应状况的关系,进一步模拟了不同类型品种强势粒与弱势粒不同粒位的灌浆动态。模型验证结果表明,此模型对颖花动态和籽粒灌浆过程有较好的预测性。     

Effect of intercropping vetch (Vicia sativa L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) and triticale (X Triticosecale) on dry‐matter yield,nutritive and ensiling characteristics when harvested at two growth stages

This study aimed to investigate the effects of growth stage and legume proportion on the nutritive and ensiling characteristics of triticale–pea–vetch intercrop mixtures. The three‐species mixtures were sown at three seeding ratios to produce different legume proportions (low, medium and high proportions) and harvested at two growth stages. The six resulting forages were subsequently ensiled in mini‐silos. Forage dry‐matter (DM) yield, nutritive characteristics of fresh and ensiled mixtures and fermentation characteristics of silages were determined. Forage DM yield almost tripled between early‐stage harvest and late‐stage harvest. Nutritive characteristics of fresh and ensiled mixtures were affected by both growth stage and legume proportion: crude protein concentration and pepsin–cellulase digestibility decreased whereas NDF and ADF concentrations increased as growth stage advanced. Crude protein concentration and pepsin–cellulase digestibility were higher for the high‐legume treatment at both growth stages. All mixtures ensiled well, as indicated by low pH and high lactic and acetic acids contents. However, all silages had high soluble nitrogen and ammonia concentrations. This study showed that triticale–pea–vetch silages hold good potential net energy supply value for ruminants, especially at early‐stage growth and when legume proportion increases. However, protein value has to be improved by reducing protein breakdown during ensiling.     

灌溉和施氮对小麦产量形成及土壤肥力影响的研究进展

水分和氮肥是小麦生长发育和产量形成中最重要的两个因子,二者存在相互制约或相互促进等互作关系。近年来,由于灌溉大量用水和氮肥的过量施用,造成了农业水资源匮乏和环境污染加重等一系列问题,合理灌溉和施氮以提高水氮利用效率越来越受到广泛的重视。为全面概括灌溉和施氮处理的作用,本文从小麦植株和土壤两个方面入手,对近年来国内外学者在灌溉和施氮对小麦产量形成和土壤肥力影响方面的研究进展进行了综述,为评估长期灌溉和施氮处理对小麦生产和土壤肥力的影响、制定灌溉和施氮技术措施提供依据。     

黑龙江省近二十年来育成大豆品种品质性状变化分析

对1988~2007年间黑龙江省育成的201个大豆品种的品质与产量性状进行分析。结果表明:各地区育成品种蛋白质和脂肪含量在不同时期均有差异,脂肪含量总体呈上升趋势,蛋白质含量总体呈略微下降趋势。大豆品种脂肪、蛋白含量有着不同的地理分布,其中松哈平原地区蛋白质含量最高,脂肪含量较低,产量较高;东部三江低湿平原脂肪含量最高,蛋白含量较低,产量最高。松哈平原、东部三江低湿平原、北部高寒区大豆品质与产量的综合改良潜力较其它地区大。     

Variations in chemical characteristics and pulpability within jute plant (Chorcorus capsularis)

The differences in morphological and chemical characteristics and pulpability of core and bark fiber of jute at different position, top, middle and bottom were studied. The fiber length at the middle part of both bark and core was longer than the top and bottom part. With increasing height from bottom to top lignin content is decreased and α-cellulose content increased. The bark had higher α-cellulose and lower lignin than core. The bark produced nitrobenzene oxidation products with larger syringaldehyde/vanillin (S/V) ratios than the core. The yields of nitrobenzene oxidation products in bark were higher than core. The analysis of neutral sugars suggested that xylose is the predominant sugar of hemicellulose in both bark and core. The bark had higher glucose and lower xylose as compared to core. Under identical conditions of pulping, bark gave higher pulp yield and lower kappa number than core. The bark pulp showed better bleachability than core pulp. The higher tensile index in core pulp and higher tear index in bark pulp were observed.     

高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜和水果中烯酰吗啉和赤霉素的残留

采用高效液相色谱技术,以草莓、西瓜和西红柿为研究对象,建立了一种快速、准确测定蔬菜、水果中烯酰吗啉与赤霉素残留测定方法。酸性条件下（pH 2.5）,样品用乙酸乙酯提取,经弗罗里硅土柱净化后,使用配有紫外检测器的高效液相色谱仪进行检测。结果表明,各组分分离良好,在0.025、0.050、0.100 mg/kg这3个添加水平,2种农药的回收率为81.2%~91.3%,相对标准偏差均小于6.7%;在0.025~1.00 μg/mL浓度范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.9995;烯酰吗啉与赤霉素的检出限分别为为0.01、0.02 mg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,可满足对蔬菜、水果中烯酰吗啉与赤霉素农药残留的检测需要。