青梅变异抗病无性系的抗病性研究

从青梅龙眼品种园中发现的抗黑星病变异单株 ,经过繁殖栽培成为变异抗病无性系。对变异梅抗病无性系梅与龙眼梅品种进行抗病试验 ,结果表明 :变异抗病无性系梅有较强抗黑星病能力和稳定的丰产性和大果径特征。     

青梅变异抗病无性系的抗病性研究

从青梅龙眼品种园中发现的抗黑星病变异单株，对变异梅抗病无性系梅与龙眼梅品种进行抗病试验，结果表明，变异抗病无性系梅有产强抗黑星病能力和稳定的丰产性和大果径特征。     

抗逆性杂交桉优良无性系选育研究

进行抗寒、抗风及抗青枯病的杂交桉优良无性系选育,开展区域试验和示范推广,最终选育出抗逆性较强的杂交桉优良无性系品种。区域试验,不同无性系在同一区域点存在显著差异,同一无性系在不同区域点也存在显著差异。不同的杂交桉无性系之间的抗寒、抗风及抗青枯病能力存在显著差异。来源于不同亲本组合的无性系类型存在较大差别的抗寒、抗风及抗青枯病能力。     

光皮梾木果实特征及产量

为充分了解光皮梾木(Cornus wilsoniana)果实特征、利用优树资源选育良种,对来自江西省和广东省的光皮梾木优树及扩繁无性系的果实性状、产量进行测定,结果表明:光皮梾木优树的鲜果、种子平均直径分别为6.08、4.54 mm,光皮梾木优树的鲜果、种子平均百粒重为14.3、5.56 g,光皮梾木优树无性系的鲜果、种子平均直径分别为5.81、4.32 mm;光皮梾木优树平均鲜果直径、种子直径、种子百粒重与扩繁无性系的平均鲜果直径、种子直径、种子百粒重间的相关系数分别为0.638、0.681、0.774,呈显著相关(P<0.05);优树无性系的果实直径、种子直径、种子百粒重复力分别为0.9734、0.9740、0.9921;优树无性系的鲜果平均单株产量为620.0~2636.7 g,初选的优良无性系JX3、JX2、JX12鲜果平均单株产量分别为2661.4、2637.7、2320.0 g,比试验林全林均值1723.5 g分别高54.4%、53.0%、34.6%;优树无性系的鲜果平均直径与鲜果平均单株产量相关系数为0.431,相关性不显著.     

宝山酥梨抗黑星病初步研究

梨黑星病是梨树的重要病害。发病严重时,不但引起落叶,而且危害果实,严重影响着梨果的产量和质量。为了解宝山酥梨抗黑星病的能力,我们于1995～1998年对宝山酥梨、砀山酥梨和雪花梨进行了抗黑星病能力的对比试验。现将试验结果总结如下。1　材料和方法1.1　材料供试地点分...     

光皮梾木果实特征及产量

为充分了解光皮梾木(Cornus wilsoniana)果实特征、利用优树资源选育良种,对来自江西省和广东省的光皮梾木优树及扩繁无性系的果实性状、产量进行测定,结果表明:光皮梾木优树的鲜果、种子平均直径分别为6.08、4.54 mm,光皮梾木优树的鲜果、种子平均百粒重为14.3、5.56 g,光皮梾木优树无性系的鲜果、种子平均直径分别为5.81、4.32 mm;光皮梾木优树平均鲜果直径、种子直径、种子百粒重与扩繁无性系的平均鲜果直径、种子直径、种子百粒重间的相关系数分别为0.638、0.681、0.774,呈显著相关(P0.05);优树无性系的果实直径、种子直径、种子百粒重复力分别为0.973 4、0.974 0、0.992 1;优树无性系的鲜果平均单株产量为620.0~2 636.7 g,初选的优良无性系JX3、JX2、JX12鲜果平均单株产量分别为2 661.4、2 637.7、2 320.0 g,比试验林全林均值1 723.5 g分别高54.4%、53.0%、34.6%;优树无性系的鲜果平均直径与鲜果平均单株产量相关系数为0.431,相关性不显著。     

桉树抗青枯病的鉴定技术

采用菌液浸泡法、顶尖接种法对不同的桉树无性系盆栽苗和生根组培苗进行抗青枯病性能测定,并结合林间调查筛选桉树抗青枯病树种和无性系,并从根系分泌物和组织研磨液的角度研究其对桉树青枯病菌生长的抑制作用,探索不同抗性桉树无性系抗病性强弱与其根系分泌物和组织研磨液之间的关系。结果表明:供试的18个桉树无性系中,bd1、bd2、赤桉和南宁巨尾桉为抗病无性系;U6、南宁尾叶桉、雷9、钦32-29为中抗无性系;DH32-27、钦9、南宁广9、钦8、邓恩桉、钦32-22、雷2、巨桉、尾叶桉和钦广9为感病无性系。不同抗性桉树无性系根系分泌物和组织研磨液对青枯菌没有直接拮抗作用,但随着接种时间的延长,青枯病菌在抗病性强的无性系的根系分泌物及组织液中的增殖显著低于感病无性系,验证通过茎段浸泡接种筛选出的桉树无性系的准确性,同时表明根系分泌物和组织研磨液可以反映桉树不同无性系的抗病性强弱。     

柑桔黑星病及防治技术

柑桔黑星病（ｃｉｔｒｕｓｂｌａｃｋｓｐｏｔ）又名柑桔黑腐病，是柑桔类果实的危险性病害，曾在南非等国柑桔产区大流行，造成重大损失。我国柑桔产区多有分布，虽无重大灾情，但其潜在威胁很大，应予足够重视以防患于未然。发生及危害情况柑桔黑星病于本世纪初首先在澳...     

初论杉木种子园的园址选择

通过6个省内28个种子园的数据分析,发现位于杉木不同产区(北部产区、中心产区、南部产区)的种子园,其开花结实年龄、结实量、种子播种品质等均存在较有规律的差异。中心产区无性系一般开花结实迟于北部产区的无性系;产量和种子品质的年变幅大;历年平均产量、球果出籽率和种子发芽率显著低于北部产区。就上述趋势对影响杉木种子生长发育的主要环境因子进行了理论上的讨论分析,并提出杉木种子园园址选择的初步意见。     

桃果实黑斑病的发生与防治

河北省桃产区桃果普遍发生黑斑病 ,严重的桃园减收 5 0 %～ 6 0 % ,损失惨重。桃果实黑斑病是黑星病和炭疽病侵害后所致。1　桃黑星病它是我国桃产区普遍发生的一种病害。除危害桃 ,桃果实 ,亦危害叶片和幼梢。果实发病最初先出现暗绿圆形小斑点 ,一个果实常有数十处 ,以后逐渐     

Response of in vitro obtained oil palm and interspecific OxG hybrids to inoculation with Phytophthora palmivora

Bud rot (BR) disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora is the most devastating disease in oil palm cultivation in America. Oil palms that survived BR epidemics were found in areas highly devastated by the disease; these palms were introduced into Cenipalma's in vitro micropropagation (cloning programme). A severity scale was developed for in vitro palms from five ortets inoculated with two different P. palmivora isolates. Then, eight ortets of Elaeis guineensis and two ortets of the OxG interspecific hybrid were evaluated in two inoculation trials under chamber growth conditions. The clone performance response was consistent with that reported in the field for the corresponding ortets, and two contrasting ortets, one susceptible (ortet 57) and one resistant (ortet 34) were identified. We monitored and compared defence responses to P. palmivora in the contrasting ortets. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production after inoculation with the pathogen was observed, with higher accumulation of H₂O₂ in the resistant plants. Catalase (CAT) activity in resistant plants increased after inoculation with the pathogen from 24 hr post‐infection (hpi) and remained high during the observation time. In the susceptible ortets, there was a significant increase on catalase activity only at 48 hpi. Peroxidase (POS) activity increased in clones from both susceptible and resistant ortets, but the increase was much greater in the susceptible ones. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity increased in response to inoculation, and these increases were greater in clones of the susceptible ortet than in clones of the resistant ortet.     

不同杨树品系引种试验初报

对不同杨树品系的生长量、物候期、抗虫性和抗寒性进行分析比较。结果表明:9年生不同杨树品系单株材积差异极显著,超过平均材积的有‘欧美杨014’、‘111’、‘108’、‘中阳9’、‘F6’和‘中林299’;各品系物候期差异较大,以落叶盛期物候期差异幅度最大,最早与最晚相差22天。‘白城杨’从芽开放期到落叶期的生长期最短,为184天;‘欧美杨108’生长期最长,为202天;各品系除‘中林299’和‘荷兰3930’属于高感虫品系外,其他均为抗虫品系。后期物候期出现较晚的‘欧美杨108’、‘F6’和‘014’均遭受不同程度的冻害,‘欧美杨108’冻害较重。‘欧美杨111’和‘中阳9’无冻害且抗虫性较强,在辽宁省适宜地区具有良好的推广前景。     

Methods of inoculation and evaluation of Erwinia psidii in eucalypt

The dieback and wilting caused by Erwinia psidii are emerging eucalypt diseases that have been observed since 2014 in the south and central‐south regions of Brazil. Field observations have shown variability in disease severity resistance among Eucalyptus spp. clones and species. It is hypothesized that this variability is due to genetic resistance. To confirm this hypothesis, inoculations in genetically distinct eucalypt plants are necessary. However, lack of an inoculation method and disease assessment makes difficult to select resistant genotypes for use in commercial plantations or genetic breeding programmes. Three inoculation methods were tested on eight clones of Eucalyptus spp. Among them, inoculum deposition with bacteria‐impregnated toothpick on the axillary buds was the simplest and most effective, capable to reproduce the disease symptoms observed under conditions of natural infection. We also developed a rating scale for disease assessment. Among eight clones tested, only Clone 1 (Eucalyptus saligna) and Clone 2 (Eucalyptus urophylla) were resistant.     

Screening for resistant clones of Casuarina equisetifolia to bacterial wilt and the analysis of AFLP markers in resistant clones

Bacteria wilt (BW) of Casuarina equisetifolia L. Johnson, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabuuchi, is one of the most important diseases of C. equisetifolia L. Johnson, the main coastal protective forest tree in southeast China. The resistance of 33 C. equisetifolia L. Johnson clones to BW was determined by means of hydroponic and pot inoculation methods with the suspension of R  solanacearum (E. F. Smith) Yabuuchi as inocula in the two‐step procedure. The results showed that clones FJ11 and FJ13 were highly resistant to BW with the lowest disease incidences of 10.8 and 15.8%, respectively, whereas clones FJ9 and GD15 were the most susceptible ones with the highest disease incidences of 100.0%. The analysis of AFLP markers was performed on clones FJ11, FJ13, FJ9 and GD15, and the results indicated that three DNA fragments E‐AAA/M‐CCG, E‐AAG/M‐CGC and E‐AGG/M‐CAA were found to be linked to the BW resistance. BLAST searches revealed that the first two fragments (GenBank accession numbers: KC111411 and KC135871) had no identities to any sequences, and the third one showed a high similarity to some sequences which code for heat shock protein. Taken together, the two resistant clones screened in our research were undoubtedly the valuable resistant resources of C. equisetifolia L. Johnson, and the three AFLP markers could be used in marker‐assisted selection of C. equisetifolia L. Johnson in the future.     

Variation among Italian and French elm clones in their response to Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi inoculation

In 1995 a clone bank of elms from across Italy was created at Antella (Florence, I) under a European Union project. In 1998 an experimental planting of some clones from this source was established in Antella together with material from a similar clone bank in France and two reference clones: Commelin (relatively susceptible) and Lobel (relatively resistant). In May 2001, the elms were inoculated with Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi and disease development was assessed throughout that summer and the next. Significant differences in susceptibility were found between taxonomic groups, with putative natural hybrids between Ulmus minor and Ulmus pumila being the most resistant and Ulmus glabra the most susceptible. Significant differences were also found within U. minor, some clones being as resistant as Lobel. For U. minor, a statistically significant relation was found with latitude, southerly clones showing less disease than more northerly ones. Relationships were also found between disease severity and times to bud burst, these relationships applying both to the different taxonomic groups and within U. minor. Relationships between growth increment and disease severity were inconsistent. These results are discussed in relation to the intrinsic genetically‐controlled differences that exist between elms and to differences in susceptibility that occur as the growing season proceeds and as a consequence of environmental influences.     

木麻黄对青枯菌的水平及垂直抗性研究

６个青枯假单胞杆菌菌株对７个木麻黄无性系的交互接种试验表明，病害的相对强度在无性系与菌株间存在着显著性差异，无性系与菌株之间的交互作用也极显著。结果说明在木麻黄－青枯菌病理系统中，同时存在着水平抗性和垂直抗性或水平致病性与垂直致病性；这一交互作用特征的揭示对于木麻黄的抗病育种及防滑战略具有重要意义。     

意大利的杨树病害及其防治

本文简要介绍了意大利杨树病害的发展历史、现状、几种主要的病害以及围绕病虫害防治所做的一系列抗性育种工作。本文旨在杨树抗病害方面学习意大利的先进经验,以他人走过的弯路作为借鉴。     

Genotype × environment interaction and growth stability of several elm clones resistant to Dutch elm disease

Conventionally hybrid elm clones obtained within breeding programs for Dutch elm disease (DED) resistance were selected to meet requirements for use as ornamentals. However, it has been long and commonly observed that these clones may show hybrid vigour and enhanced growth. Nowadays DED resistant hybrid elm clones, which have been released to the market or are under evaluation for an upcoming release, are numerous enough to be considered for timber production or short rotation coppice (SRC). But experimental testing of the growth performances of these clones in different environments is still lacking. In this paper, growth and stability of performance of 24 DED resistant hybrid elm clones planted at three experimental sites with contrasting environmental conditions in Italy were studied. Height and diameter were measured yearly from 2001 to 2009, and the mean yearly increments after plant establishment were calculated. The study revealed a general good growth performance of the majority of the clones with mean height increments above 1 m/year, and an excellent growth performance of some genotypes. Analysis of variance showed significant effects of clone, site and clone × site interaction, for both height and diameter increments. Stability analysis of diameter and height increments was performed by using two parametric (CV% and W²) and two non-parametric (Hühn's S_i⁽¹⁾ and S_i⁽²⁾) indexes. According to all indexes, two clones showed superior and stable growth. These clones may be suitable for planting in a range of environments. In addition, several other clones had high growth in general or at a particular site. The results support our belief that these elm clones could be successfully used for timber and biomass production, and provide new knowledge for an informed choice of the most suitable genotypes.     

毛白杨33个无性系黑斑病和溃疡病的调查

对毛白杨33个无性系黑斑病和溃疡病进行了调查，结果表明，毛白杨不同无性系对黑斑病和溃疡病的抗性有明显差异。对黑斑病抗性最强的为11号无性系，抗性最差的为2号、8号无性系，对溃疡病抗性最强的为14号、33号无性系（无溃疡病发生），抗性最差的为6号无性系。