大豆不同类型品种开花次序观察再报

通过3年田间试验观测记载,比较研究了不同结荚习性大豆开花、结荚特性.主要结果如下:有限性大豆始花晚、花期短;亚有限性和无限性大豆始花相对早,花期也长.有限性大豆的开花次序是由中部开始,逐渐向上向下开放;亚有限性和无限性大豆的开花次序均由下而上依次开放.有限性大豆主要结荚部位集中在植株的中上部、尤以顶部结荚较多;亚有限性大豆结荚部位主要在植株中上部;无限性大豆的豆荚分布均匀.     

夏大豆植株地上部各器官的生育进程及其对产量形成的影响

试验采用两个早熟大豆品种(有限结荚型早熟7号及无限结荚型车熟14号),在北京夏播.两年试验结果表明,夏大豆主茎上叶原基在播种后一个月内全部形成;主茎相邻叶片展平的间隔时间存在两个转折点,花期叶片展平速度快;结荚后单株保留的荚数与单株叶片干重有极显著正相关关系;籽粒产量与开花、鼓粒期植株叶片干重及单株地上部总于重密切相关;夏大豆靠主茎中、上部节位形成籽粒产量.     

高产春大豆干物质积累与花荚形成的关系研究

为探明高产春大豆花荚期干物质积累与花荚形成的关系,田间随机区组排列法研究10个高产大豆品种(系)的花期、花荚期干物质增量分别与开花数、成荚数、产量的关系。结果表明,产量在4 527.4～5 734.2 kg·hm^-2的范围内,花期干物质增量与产量相关不显著,花荚期干物质增量与产量呈极显著正相关,总花数、总荚数均与产量呈显著正相关;花期干物质增量与开花数呈二次曲线关系,Y_1=-0.050 3X■+42.285X_1-5 312.2,R^2=0.673 9~*;花荚期的干物质增量与成荚数呈线性关系,Y_2=0.090 4X_5+419.47,R^2=0.719 4^**;开花期叶片干物质增量与开花数呈二次曲线关系,花荚期茎秆、叶片、叶柄干物质增量与成荚数均呈二次曲线关系。花期和花荚期过少或过多茎叶干物质积累量均不利于花、荚形成。花期茎叶稳健生长,荚期荚快速生长有利于增加开花数、成荚数。在花期、花荚期地上部干物质增量分别为4 373,7 801 kg·hm^-2、荚干重占33.8%,总花数为3 773.3×10~4朵·hm^-2、总荚数为1 127.3×10~4个·hm^-2,产量可达5 734.2 kg·hm^-2,其干物质成花效率、成荚效率依次为8.63朵·g^-1、1.45个·g^-1。     

水肥耦合对大豆光合特性及产量的影响

在不同化肥施用量条件下,在大豆开花和结荚期分别进行灌水,研究水肥耦合对大豆光合特性及产量的影响以及不同处理的水分利用效率。结果表明:肥量相同的条件下,大豆蒸腾速率和气孔导度的变化趋势一致,即花期+荚期灌水最高,然后依次为荚期灌水、花期灌水、对照;光合速率是荚期灌水最高,其次是花期+荚期灌水,再次花期灌水,对照的光合速率最低;产量随灌水的变化趋势也是荚期灌水最高,然后依次是花期+荚期灌水、花期灌水,对照产量最低。水分处理相同条件下,产量随肥量的增加而增加,高肥结荚期灌水产量最高;水分利用效率是荚期灌水最高,花期灌水居中,花期+荚期灌水最低。因此,在大豆栽培学上通过适当增加肥量,结荚期进行灌水,可以明显提高大豆叶片光合速率、水分利用效率及产量。     

黄淮夏大豆高产品种特征特性分析

对黄淮地区３６个夏大豆品种及品系的产量构成因素、生育特性、开花结荚动态及产量的空间分布进行了研究．单株产量与粒数、荚数、株高、主茎节数呈显著或极显著正相关，与结荚高度呈极显著负相关．株高、主茎节数、荚数、粒数对产量有较大的正向直接作用．结荚高度对产量有较大的负向直接作用．早花型品种产量水平较高，高产品种均为亚有限结荚习性，其产量空间分布为垂直分布均匀型和水平分布主茎型．     

夏大豆花期和结荚期追氮肥对产量的影响

为解决有限结荚型大豆品种终节出现的空荚秕粒及顶二节着生菜粒极少的问题,于1983年6—9月,用早熟7号品种(中国科学院遗传研究所选育,有限结荚型)进行花期和荚期土壤追氮肥的研究。     

植物生长调节剂对大豆花荚脱落及产量的影响

为研究大豆花荚脱落情况,以大豆(Glycine mex)垦农4号为材料,在R1期叶面喷施3种不同植物生长调节剂,调查了大豆植株花数、荚数以及花荚脱落数.结果表明:氯化胆碱(Cc)明显的增加了大豆植株的花数及荚数.2-N,N-二乙氨基乙基己酸酯(DTA.6)和SOD.有效降低了花荚脱落数以及脱落率;其中DTA-6还显著增加了大豆株高和茎粗,提高了单株粒数、单株粒重以及单株重等产量构成因子,增产幅度为13.24%.可见叶面喷施Cc有效地促进了开花结荚,而在产量增幅上,DTA-6为最佳.     

不同结荚习性大豆开花结荚鼓粒进程的比较研究

通过３年田间观测，比较研究了３种结荚习性不同的大豆品种，开花，结荚，鼓粒进程铁丰２４号出苗后第６９．５天始花，花期１８．５天，植株中部先开花，渐次向上向下开放；辽豆１０号出苗后第５２．５天始花，花期４０．５天，开花次序与辽豆１０号相同。豆Ｈ－５０６４出苗后第５４．０天始花，花期４０．天，花花次序与辽豆１０号相同。铁丰２４号全株结荚率为３３．５３％，主花序，副花序，分枝的结荚率分别为３６．８４％，４     

根瘤菌对大豆根际土壤微生物及大豆农艺性状的影响

为研究施用根瘤菌条件下,大豆不同生育期土壤中微生物数量的动态变化及其对大豆农艺性状的影响,于大豆苗期、花期、结荚期、鼓粒期、成熟期分别对大豆根际土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌采用平板计数法进行数量测定;于大豆成熟期对大豆农艺性状及产量进行测定。结果表明:大豆根际土壤微生物数目随大豆生育期不同而发生变化。与对照相比,根瘤菌的施用均增加了除花期外各时期土壤中细菌的数量,在结荚期、鼓粒期和成熟期,增加了土壤真菌数量,在结荚期和成熟期增加了土壤放线菌数量;根瘤菌的施用增加了大豆的株高、主茎节数、单株荚数和单株粒数,且有效增加了大豆产量,与对照相比增产19.44%。     

摘花处理对大豆花荚发育和产量的影响

为了探究大豆的开花潜力及损失补偿能力,本研究以生育期相近但结荚习性不同的中黄13、邯豆5号和Williams 82为材料,设置短期连续摘花处理(3,5和7 d)和长期连续摘花处理,研究摘花处理对大豆开花动态、结荚和产量的影响.结果表明:(1)同期播种条件下,大豆材料的自然开花动态与结荚习性有关,但其总花数差异不大.其中...     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.