浅谈植物物候信息监测方法

为探索林木物候监测方法,掌握采种母树物候期,为采种育苗及研究植物生物学特性提供科学依据,为探索物候现象及建立林木物候观测信息监测体系打下基础,自2005年开始在高黎贡山自然保护区腾冲范围内大蒿坪等处设计了3条物候监测线路,90余个树种300多棵树定期进行物候观察,通过连续4 a的物候信息监测,基本掌握了监测方法及所监测各树种的物候期信息。     

麻疯树生殖物候同步性的表示方法研究

生殖物候同步性是表示不同植物种类或同种植物不同样地之间生殖物候差异的基本指标。本文初步研究了麻疯树一种简单的生殖物候同步性检测和表示方法,指出了该方法的野外数据获取和室内分析统计方法,并在3个水分差异明显的麻疯树人工林样地中进行了示范。最后,分析了使用这种生殖物候同步性检测方法的注意事项及其在一般植物中的应用前景。     

国外植物物候对气候变化响应的研究进展

植物物候易于观测, 对气候变化响应敏感。国外在物候观测、网络建设和物候对气候变化响应的研究方面取得了显著成果, 对于推动我国植物物候对气候变化响应方面的研究工作具有重要作用。综合论述了国外物候观测和网络建设、植物物候对气候变化响应的研究方法和主要研究成果, 并探讨了未来植物物候对气候变化响应研究的发展趋势。     

全球气候变化对园林植物的影响

气候变化所引起的温度、降水和CO2变化影响着园林植物的物候和生物多样性.在气候变化的背景下,园林植物可以通过增强碳汇功能,改善植物配置等缓减气候变化.气候变化下园林植物未来的研究热点为：不同园林类型对气候变化的响应,入侵物种物候学的研究,极端气候对园林植物物候的影响,不同地域影响园林植物的主导因子,多种环境因子交互作用对园林植物的影响机理.     

东北、内蒙古林区物候点烧技术应用的情况分析

物候点烧技术是我国当前开设防火隔离带、国境防火带,降低林内可燃物载量、预防重大森林火灾最有效的技术之一,得到相关部门高度重视。但近年由于计划烧除时跑火造成森林火灾,使人们对物候点烧技术产生争议。本文是在对东北、内蒙古林区开展物候点烧技术相关事宜进行调查的基础上,总结四省（区）开展物候点烧取得的显著成效,阐述点烧的可行性、必要性,分析跑火的主要原因、存在的问题、解决的办法,并对今后如何加强物候点烧技术的安全性、科学性提出了建设性意见。     

栓皮栎物候期统计分析

通过样株物候观测记录、资料利用,典范相关分析,揭示出一组花变量和一组叶变量之间高度关联。     

落叶松冠部主要病虫害发生与物候的关系

以吉林省落叶松人工林6种主要病虫害为监测对象,通过对21种动植物的物候变化观察,弄清了落叶松6种病虫害的发生期、为害期与物候现象的关系。在此基础上,制定了与落叶松病虫害发生、发育期相对应的物候现象对照表,提出了防治适期的参照性植物和预警植物。     

常春油麻藤的物候节律研究

以昆明地区种植的常春油麻藤为对象,对其物候进行了观测研究。经2003年6月~2004年6月的观测,基本掌握了常春油麻藤在昆明种植地的物候节律。发现其在昆明生长良好,对水热条件要求不高。     

Influence of foliar phenology and shoot inclination on annual photosynthetic gain in individual beech saplings: A functional–structural modeling approach

We developed a functional–structural plant model for Fagus crenata saplings and calculated annual photosynthetic gains to determine the influences of foliar phenology and shoot inclination on the carbon economy of saplings. The model regenerated the three-dimensional shoot structure and spatial and temporal display of leaves; we calculated the hourly light interception of each leaf with a detailed light model that allowed us to estimate hourly leaf photosynthetic gain taking leaf age into account. To evaluate the importance of simultaneous foliar phenology and slanting shoots in beech saplings, we calculated the photosynthetic budgets for saplings with contrasting foliar phenologies and shoot inclinations. In our simulations, we distinguished between simultaneous and successive foliar phenologies, upright and slanting shoot inclinations, and environments with and without a vertical gradient in light intensity. Other model parameters (including photosynthesis vs. light curve, leaf size, and leaf shape) were obtained directly from live beech saplings. With no vertical gradient in light intensity, modeled saplings with simultaneous foliar phenology and slanting shoots (as in live beech) had larger annual photosynthetic gains than saplings with other combinations of traits. Hence, simultaneous foliar phenology and slanting shoots are efficient ways to display leaves in the shaded forest understory light regime where beech saplings thrive. In the presence of vertical light gradients, which can occur in canopy gaps, saplings with upright shoots had larger annual photosynthetic gains than counterparts with slanting shoots. Although mean daily photosynthetic gains of saplings with successive foliar phenology were elevated by exposing leaves to strong light when young and productive, the annual photosynthetic budget of these saplings was reduced (compared to saplings with simultaneous foliar phenology) by their relatively short leaf lifespan. Overall, our results suggest that slanting shoots with simultaneous foliar phenology are particularly successful in shaded environments, where beech often dominates, because they appear to maximize the annual carbon budget by avoiding self-shading and extending leaf lifespans.     

不同栽培模式下岷江百合生长差异性研究

为探讨成都平原气候条件下岷江百合人工栽培不同模式下植株生长差异,以岷江百合6年生实生植株为试验材料,观测其在日光温室大棚地面苗床(PD)、日光温室大棚营养钵(PB)、室外田间(LD)、室外营养钵(LB)4种栽培模式条件下物候及11个生长指标的差异,借助相关性分析及主成分分析,研究各生长指标间的相互关系,并对不同栽培模式进行综合评价。结果表明:①PD和PB模式果熟期前的物候时间均早于LD和LB模式,果熟期及枯萎期则相反,其中PB模式萌芽、果荚成熟时间最早,PD模式开花时间最早、LD模式植株枯萎时间最早;②不同栽培模式下岷江百合实生植株地径、株高、单株花数量等11个生长指标均达到极显著差异(p<0.01),其中以单株花数量变幅最大,达427.00%,花径变幅最小,为9.67%;③4种栽培模式11个生长指标互呈正相关性,且多个指标相关性达极显著水平(p<0.01);④结合相关性分析结果,对筛选出的8个指标进行主成分分析,综合得分排名为PD>LD>LB>PB,PD模式最利于岷江百合植株生长。     

Phenology Differs among Norway Spruce Populations in Relation to Local Variation in Altitude of Maternal Stands in the Beskidy Mountains

An investigation of phenological and growth traits was conducted in a lowland plantation, comprised of 23 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed stands from the Istebna region in the Beskidy Mountains of Poland. Significant differences were found among population in growth initiation, growth termination and the length of shoot elongation period. The two latter traits were highly correlated and were attributed to the altitude of the maternal stand. The tested populations were grouped based on phenology. Progeny of lower-alttitude stands ceased growth later, had a longer duration of shoot growth and greater current leader length compared to progeny of higher-altitude stands. Individual populations, however, did not differ in current-year growth and total tree height, implying higher within-population variation in growth traits than in phenology. The similar growth capacity of all tested populations suggests considerable gene flow between maternal stands, although differences in phenology imply the adaptation of progenies to the altitudinal environment of seed origin. These results suggest that within tested populations, selection is possible based on phenology alone, without considerable reduction of early height growth; final decisions, however, should be based on the environmental conditions of the planting site.     

应用乡土树种的物候学及生理学解析——以沈阳城市绿化树种为例

树木是城市植被最主要的组成部分,树种选择是城市绿化是否成功的关键,直接影响到城市生态建设的可持续发展。文中通过对沈阳市城市绿化外来树种和乡土树种物候期及生长情况的调查,结合国内外树木物候学和生理学研究进展,揭示城市绿化应用乡土树种的物候学和生理学原理,以期对我国的城市绿化树种选择起到借鉴和指导作用。       

转葡萄糖氧化酶基因窄冠泡桐对林地环境的影响

通过对转葡萄糖氧化酶基因窄冠泡桐与对照物候特性、生长量、抗逆性、土壤微生物、植物多样性和病虫害情况的对比分析,结果表明,转基因泡桐与对照在生长量上差异较大,物候特性、抗逆性和病虫害方面无明显差异,对土壤微环境、林地植被无明显影响。     

林木种子园生殖系统研究进展

本文对种子园生殖系统中亲本开花物候、配子产量、球果和种子败育、授粉机制、球花分布对种子园遗传效率的影响及其研究进展作了综述。论述了开花物候、球花产量与配子贡献以及种子园生殖系统遗传效率的关系。不同亲本开花物候及授粉机制的差异限制了亲本之间的基因交流 ,雌雄球花产量、球果败育及其雌雄球花空间分布的差异都会引起亲本配子贡献的变化 ,并最终影响种子园生殖系统的遗传效率。为提高种子园种子的遗传品质和遗传多样性 ,更系统深入地研究种子园生殖系统是必要的     

Response of Spring Phenology of Main Gymnosperm to Climate Change in Harbin City Proper

Global climate change has caused phenology change of vegetation.This is especially obvious in urban area.This paper reveals response mechanism of spring phenology of main gymnosperm in Harbin City proper to climate change based on relationship study between two typical phenophases(beginning of bud burst and beginning of leaf expansion) of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis),Koyama spruce(Picea koraiensis Nakai),needle fir(Abies nephrolepis) and Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica Litv.and the temperature of every ten ...     

Phenology of Ficus spp.in a tropical dry forest,Mudumalai, south India

The phenology of figs(Ficus spp.Moraceae) is being monitored in the dry forests of Mudumalai, southern India and individuals belonging to the genus are marked with unique tag numbers and their vegetative and reproductive phenologies have been monitored since August2000 on a monthly basis.The influence of abiotic factors on fig phenology and the differences between fig and nonfig phenologies are being examined.The seasonality of different phenophases of fig phenology is also being examined.The maximum intensity of leaf flush occurred in drier months.Fig and non-fig species showed significant differences with expansion and senescence phenophases of leafing.Flowering also occurred in drier months.There were significant differences between fig and non-fig species with reproductive phenophases.As with non-fig species,leafing was influenced by maximum temperatures.Both vegetative and reproductive phenophases were significantly seasonal.     

Reproductive phenology of Brazilian savannas and riparian forests: environmental and phylogenetic issues

Introduction   

The reproductive phenology of plants is expected to be influenced by climatic factors and by the phylogenetic history of the species. In savannas, the peaks of flowering and fruiting are associated with climate seasonality. However, there is still a controversy about the reproductive phenology of plants in riparian forests, a vegetation type that does not experience a severe water shortage.     

Annual periodicity of fruiting in temperate forests in Yakushima,Japan

Fruiting phenology, assessed by seed fall, in five warm-and cool-temperate forests on Yakushima Island, southern Japan, was studied for two years in one 50 m × 50 m plot and for four years in four 100 m × 50 m plots. The elevation of the plots ranged between 170 and 1200 m a.s.l. Seed fall phenology showed annual periodicity in all five plots. This was clear when assessed by the number of species but became less clear when assessed by the biomass of seed litter. Community-level annual periodicity was based on the prevalence of population-level annual periodicity and interspecific synchronization of the fruiting peak from autumn to winter. Fleshy fruits had peaks of seed fall in a wider range of months than non-fleshy fruits, since it is sometimes beneficial to bear fruit outside the community-level fruiting peaks in order to avoid interspecific competition for animal seed dispersers. No consistent effect of climatic factors on seed fall phenology was detected.     

甘肃民勤荒漠区植物物候相的持续特征和组合特征

以民勤荒漠区1974年以来的36种植物的物候观测资料,运用物候频数的统计方法,划分5个物候相,分析物候相的持续特征和组合特征。结果表明:植物的活动期物候相持续日数平均为212天,绿色期物候相持续日数较长,花色期物候相持续日数最短;花色期、挂果期和绿色期3个物候相不同植物之间相互重叠;旱柳的活动期物候相最长,火炬树和芦苇的活动期物候相最短,胡杨和火炬树的绿色期物候相最短,芦苇的秋色期物候相最短;荒漠区不同植物的花色期以及挂果期差异很大。在花色期物候相中,开花始期较早的植物开花末期也相对较早。