不同砧木对‘建香’猕猴桃果实品质的影响

以中华猕猴桃 ‘建香’（Actinidia chinensis cv.‘Jianxiang’）为接穗材料,以美味猕猴桃（Actinidia deliciosa）实生苗、对萼猕猴桃（Actinidia valvata）和对萼（基砧）+‘米良1号’（Actinidia deliciosa cv.‘Miliang 1’）（中间砧）为砧木,探索不同砧木对猕猴桃果实大小、内在品质以及香气物质形成的调控作用,为生产中筛选合适的砧穗组合提供依据。结果表明,在果实大小和可溶性固形物方面,对萼和中间砧显著高于另一种砧木。然而在可滴定酸、干物质含量和维生素C方面,中间砧显著优于美味和对萼。不同砧木对果实挥发性代谢物种类无影响,对代谢物含量影响较大,差异物质主要包括萜类、酮 类和醛类物质。中间砧处理能显著提高芳烃类及部分酮类、萜类代谢物含量,使香气更浓郁。综上所述,为提高果实大小、内在品质以及充分发挥香气品质,在生产上推荐使用对萼+‘米良1号’作为‘建香’的砧木。     

KR2和KR5猕猴桃可缓解低氧伤害增加耐涝性

据《果树学报》2019年第2期《4种基因型猕猴桃对淹水胁迫的生理响应及耐涝性评价》(作者白丹凤等)报道,为了研究淹水胁迫下4种基因型猕猴桃的形态变化及生理响应,以筛选耐涝种质资源,并初步分析猕猴桃耐涝的生理机制,采用双套盆法模拟淹水胁迫,对大籽猕猴桃KR2、对萼猕猴桃KR5、美味猕猴桃15-13及软枣猕猴桃永丰一号的两年生组培盆栽苗进行淹水处理,通过统计涝害指数观察淹水对此4种猕猴桃属植物形态的影响,同时通过测定根系活力、叶片光合能力及根系低氧伤害相关指标研究淹水对猕猴桃属4种植物生理代谢的影响,并通过隶属函数法综合评价4份材料的耐涝性.     

淹水胁迫对不同品种猕猴桃生理特性的影响

探讨不同品种猕猴桃的耐涝性,以期为今后猕猴桃抗涝性研究提供参考。以美味猕猴桃‘米良1号’、中华猕猴桃‘红阳’和对萼猕猴桃‘猫人参’组培苗为材料,观察淹水胁迫对不同品种猕猴桃植株形态的影响,并测定叶片中叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸（PRO）、丙二醛（MDA）含量以及过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等酶的活性和抗氧化能力。随着淹水时间的延长,‘猫人参’猕猴桃受涝害程度小于其他两个品种,‘猫人参’猕猴桃叶片中的总叶绿素含量变化幅度较小;3种猕猴桃叶片中的渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白、PRO和MDA不断增加,而叶片中的保护酶CAT、POD活性呈下降趋势,SOD活性在‘米良1号’、‘猫人参’猕猴桃叶片中呈下降趋势,而在‘红阳’猕猴桃叶片中呈增加趋势。其中‘猫人参’猕猴桃叶片中的SOD活性高于其他2个品种,一直维持在较高水平,其抗氧化能力也不断增强。     

淹水胁迫对猕猴桃幼苗光合特性的影响

<正>据《北方园艺》2015年第2期《淹水胁迫对不同抗性猕猴桃幼苗光合特性的影响》(作者米银法等)报道,以1年生盆栽美味猕猴桃"秦美"和中华猕猴桃"红阳"实生苗为试材,研究了淹水胁迫对不同抗性猕猴桃幼苗的影响。结果表明,持续淹水14 d内随着淹水时间的延长,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度显著下降,而胞间CO2浓度显著上升;中华猕猴桃对淹水     

浙猕砧1号耐涝性良好

据《果树学报》2019年第3期《浙猕砧1号对长期淹水处理的响应特征》(作者古咸彬等)报道,为了分析葛枣猕猴桃优株浙猕砧1号对涝害胁迫的响应机制,为猕猴桃耐涝砧木的筛选提供理论依据,以浙猕砧1号组培苗为试材,通过人工模拟淹水试验,检测猕猴桃在长时间持续淹水过程中的生理反应及逆境相关基因的表达情况,探究猕猴桃对涝害胁迫的响应机制。     

鼓粒期淹水胁迫对大豆叶片AsA-GSH循环的损伤及烯效唑的缓解效应

为研究淹水胁迫下喷施烯效唑（S3307）对不同大豆品种的影响,以耐涝品种‘垦丰14’和涝渍敏感品种‘垦丰16’大豆为试验材料,进行盆栽试验,研究鼓粒期（R5）淹水胁迫对大豆叶片膜脂过氧化程度（MDA）、活性氧（ROS）和抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（AsA-GSH）循环系统的损伤及S3307的缓解效应。结果表明：R5期淹水胁迫显著增加了两品种大豆叶片内MDA含量,加速了ROS的积累,且相同时间垦丰16增幅大于垦丰14。叶面喷施S3307可有效提高非酶抗氧化剂含量,增加关键酶活性,降低叶片MDA含量,抑制ROS积累,减少淹水胁迫对膜系统造成的伤害,并在恢复正常水分处理后,维持较高的关键酶活性和非酶抗氧化剂含量,促进两品种大豆叶片恢复至正常状态,且垦丰14恢复能力优于垦丰16。综上,淹水胁迫对两种耐涝性不同的大豆品种叶片中AsA-GSH循环具有不同程度的影响,S3307可在一定程度上减缓淹水胁迫所造成的危害。     

2种桑树砧木实生苗对干旱和淹水的生理生化响应特征

以生产中常用的广东桑和鲁桑2种桑树砧木类型1年生实生苗为试材,采用自然干旱和盆栽淹水法,研究了桑树砧木实生苗对干旱胁迫和淹水胁迫的生理生化响应变化特性.结果 显示,2种桑树砧木实生苗光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)随干旱和淹水处理时间的增加而下降.干旱条件下,2种桑树砧木实生苗MDA含量、H2O2含量、Pro含量、POD酶活性和CAT酶活性随干旱处理时间增加而升高,且鲁桑实生苗高于广东桑实生苗,而SOD酶活性呈不断下降趋势.淹水条件下,2种桑树砧木实生苗MDA含量、H2O2含量、POD酶活性、CAT酶活性和SOD酶活性随淹水时间增加而升高,且广东桑实生苗高于鲁桑实生苗,而Pro含量呈不断下降趋势.不同类型桑树砧木实生苗在不同胁迫条件及不同处理时间下,各生理生化指标存在显著差异.综合隶属函数、主成分分析法对2种桑树砧木实生苗进行耐旱性和耐淹性综合评价分析,鲁桑实生苗表现出较强的耐旱能力,而广东桑实生苗表现出较强的耐淹水能力.     

淹水对番木瓜光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

通过袋栽试验，研究了淹水对番木瓜光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明，淹水降低番木瓜叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和PSII有效光化学量子产量（YIELD）、光合电子传递速率 (ETR)和光化学荧光淬灭系数 (qP)，提高其非光化学荧光淬灭(qN)值，同时影响其叶绿素荧光诱导曲线。淹水28 h和52 h后，番木瓜叶片的光合作用明显降低，对照和淹水处理之间的气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数差异极显著（P<0.01）。     

高温胁迫下银杏离体枝条叶片的叶绿素荧光特性

银杏是一种重要经济树种，随着全球气温升高，高温适应性问题已经影响了其在低纬度区域的栽培。为了探明高温胁迫对银杏叶片光合过程的影响，本研究中离体银杏枝条被置于不同温度（25 ℃、30 ℃、35 ℃、40 ℃、45 ℃）下处理，随即对其叶绿素荧光参数进行监测。 结果显示：40 ℃以上高温胁迫下，银杏叶片的光系统II（PSⅡ）潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）显著下降；最大荧光（Fm）、最大相对电子传递速率（rETRmax）、PSⅡ实际光化学效率（Yield）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）均显著下降；而初始荧光（Fo）和非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）在40℃以上高温胁迫下显著上升。本研究表明，银杏离体枝条叶片光合作用对温度变化较敏感，推测高温可能伤害了光合机构，从而对光能的吸收、转换与光合电子传递都有显著的影响。银杏离体枝条叶片的叶绿素荧光动力学参数对高温的敏感性，可能有助于快速筛选和培育耐高温的银杏品种。     

碱性盐胁迫对芨芨草苗期脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量的影响

在芨芨草（Achnatherum splendens）苗期,分别用浓度为0,25,50,75,100,125,150 mmol/L的NaHCO3和Na2CO3进行胁迫,并测定叶片与根系中脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白的含量。结果表明：在Na2CO3和NaHCO3胁迫下,芨芨草叶片与根系的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量显著高于未胁迫组（P〈0.05）;在浓度相同的两种碱性盐的胁迫下,芨芨草叶片中的脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于其在根系中的含量（P〈0.05）;Na2CO3对芨芨草的伤害程度大于NaHCO3。     

四川地区区域性果树的园林观赏性综合评价

对四川地区10种区域性果树进行了观赏性的综合评价,以期为其在园林绿化中的应用提供参考资料。采用灰度关联分析法,选择了花量与花色、花期、果形与果色、挂果期、株形和株高6个指标,对四川地区10种区域性果树的园林观赏性进行综合评价。结果表明,石榴的观赏性与理想果树最接近。其次是荔枝、脆红李、甜樱桃、水蜜桃、柠檬、苹果、雷波脐橙、五星枇杷和红心猕猴桃,其中五星枇杷（γ5=0.5960）和红心猕猴桃的观赏性较差（γ6=0.5715）。石榴、荔枝、脆红李、甜樱桃和水蜜桃的观赏性较好,可广泛的应用于园林绿化。     

避晚霜核桃新品种“鲁甸大麻2号” 的生物学特性研究及栽培技术要点

滇东北晚霜危害严重,严重缺乏避晚霜能力强的核桃品种。而云南省林业科学院和鲁甸县林业局在滇东北鲁甸县选育的“鲁甸大麻2号”具有避晚霜、优质等特点。为更详细透彻研究“鲁甸大麻2号”对气候的适应能力和坚果品质等特性,2009～2015年通过连续7年对鲁甸县三八林场“鲁甸大麻2号”无性系测定林的生物学物特性进行了研究。结果表明：该品种发芽晚能避开晚霜危害,丰产,壳薄,出仁率高,仁色好,食味香甜无涩味,口感细腻。可以确定为滇东北晚霜危害严重或气候相似区域栽培品种。同时总结出了“鲁甸大麻2号”配套栽培技术。     

Effects of ozonated autohemotherapy on the antioxidant capacity of Thoroughbred horses

The performance of horses undergoing regular intense exercise is adversely affected by oxidative stress. Thus, it is important to increase antioxidant production in horses in order to reduce oxidative stress. Ozonated autohemotherapy (OAHT) reportedly promotes antioxidant production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of OAHT on antioxidant capacity. Ten Thoroughbred horses were used in this study. After the OAHT, we collected serum samples and measured biological antioxidant potential (BAP). We found that BAP began to increase after the OAHT and was significantly higher in the OAHT group than at 3 (P<0.01) and 7 days (P<0.05) after OAHT than in the control group at 3 and 7 days after starting collection of blood samples. Therefore, it was shown that OAHT improved the antioxidant capacity of the horses.     

Effect of cyclosporin on distribution of methotrexate into the brain of rats

The effect of the antitumor drug, methotrexate (MTX), which is applied to brain tumors, is restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is composed of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP). We, therefore, studied if a potent P-gp and MRP modulator, cyclosporin A (CysA), can modulate the MTX concentration in the rat brain. If it can, which route is more effective, intravenous or intrathecal? We intravenously or intrathecally administered MTX to rats with or without CysA. After 6 hr, brains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were sampled, and their MTX concentrations were compared. Each MTX concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. CysA had no significant affect on the MTX concentration in the brain or CSF when MTX was intravenously injected. In contrast, when MTX was intrathecally administered, CysA had a larger effect on the MTX concentration in the brain than in the CSF. This indicates CysA potentiated the brain MTX concentration when MTX was intrathecally administered. It is suggested that CysA did not potentiate the distribution of MTX from blood into the brain, but instead potentiated the distribution of MTX from CSF into the brain. Since chemicals in CSF generally diffuse into the brain easily, CysA probably inhibited the excretion of MTX from the brain. This could be caused by inhibition of P-gp or MRP at the BBB. Therefore, CysA can be a useful tool to achieve an appropriate MTX concentration in brain.     

The functional-morphological adaptive strategy of digestive organs of decapodiform cephalopods

The digestive organs in decapodiform cephalopod species morphologically vary by individual lifestyle. We examined the following six species of adult decapodiformes cephalopods representing different habitats: Todarodes pacificus, Loligo bleekeri, Loligo edulis, Watasenia scintillans (pelagic), Sepia lycidas and Euprymna morsei (benthic). L. bleekeri and L. edulis possess a bursiform cecal sac connected to the cecum. Pelagic species have a single digestive gland smaller than in benthic species. T. pacificus has an oval digestive gland larger than that of L. bleekeri and L. edulis, which possess withered-looking and smaller digestive glands. In contrast, the digestive glands in benthic species are paired. S. lycidas and E. morsei have well-developed and larger digestive glands than those of the pelagic species. Well-developed digestive duct appendages are found in benthic species. In qualification of the mass of digestive organs, pelagic species have smaller stomachs, digestive glands and digestive ducts’ appendages than benthic species. Because pelagic species need to swim, they may possess smaller stomachs and larger cecums for more rapid digestion. A smaller digestive gland may have the advantage of reducing the body weight in pelagic species for rapid swimming. In contrast, since benthic species require a longer time for digestion than pelagic species, they compact more food in their stomachs and absorb nutrients via more organs, such as the digestive grand and digestive duct appendages, in addition to cecum.     

Localization of connexin 32 in spontaneous liver lesions of mice

We examined the localization of connexin 32 (Cx32), a component of gap junctions, in 24-month-old male B6C3F1 mice with spontaneously occurring hepatocellular altered foci or tumors. Immunohistochemically, Cx32-staining intensity in cell-to-cell membranes of altered hepatocytes was decreased in eosinophilic foci and increased in basophilic foci as compared to those in intact hepatocytes. These alterations were enhanced in adenomas and carcinomas with both eosinophilic and basophilic cytoplasm. In cell membranes facing on the sinusoidal portions, the intensities increased in all lesions. Image analyses confirmed that the spot areas of Cx32 were decreased in eosinophilic foci, but increased in basophilic foci, adenomas and carcinomas. These results demonstrate that Cx32 shows different expression in different types of hepatic lesions.     

Influence of Equine Conformation on Rider Oscillation and Evaluation of Horses for Therapeutic Riding

To obtain basic knowledge about selecting horses for therapeutic riding, the influence of equine conformation on rider oscillation and relationships between these factors and the evaluation on horses as the therapeutic riding were studied. Thirty-five riding horses were used. Equine conformation was estimated by 24 indices. Rider oscillation was measured by an accelerometer fixed at the rider’s waist. The spatial position of the oscillation was estimated by a double integration of the acceleration. Horses were evaluated for therapeutic riding by a Riding for the Disabled Association instructor as a rider. Evaluations were on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest score for 27 items. Horses were classified into 4 groups: the short and narrow (SN), short and wide (SW), tall and narrow (TN), and tall and wide (TW). The frequencies of rider oscillation both at walk and trot were higher (P<0.01), and the vertical (P<0.01) and longitudinal (P<0.05) amplitudes at trot were smaller, on short horses than on tall horses. The vertical amplitude at walk was smaller (P<0.05) and the lateral amplitude at trot was larger (P<0.01) on wide horses than on narrow horses. Short horses could be used for the rider who requires side walkers. Wide horses could be used for relieving muscular tension and for the rider who could not maintain good balance on the horse. Short and wide horses should be suitable for therapeutic riding.