共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 406 毫秒
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针对干旱山区发展果树缺水和果园大水浸灌浪费水资源的问题,进行了滴灌补水技术研究与应用。该项技术具有节水、节能、保水、保肥、省工、省投资等优点,明显地提高了经济效益。 相似文献
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山地果园小型自动滴灌是利用山地的自然落差而形成的压力水头,将水送到蓄水池以下的果园从而实现自动进行滴灌施水施肥的一种抗旱节水方式。其特点一是利用自然压差输水,无需耗电耗油就可建成配套低压管道供水系统;二是可按需、可控制地供给果树适时适量的水分和养分;三是供水供肥均匀;四是可节水60%,节肥30%,省工,省力,不影响农事作业;五是成本及运行费用低,安装,操作和维修简单方便。 相似文献
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经试验观察,根区导灌技术容易操作、实用性好,可达到节地、节水、节能、省工、灌水均匀、减少病虫害、提高果实品质的目的,在干旱缺水的地区葡萄设施栽培中,是最节水、节能的灌水方式。 相似文献
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滴灌系统是通过水源、首部枢纽、输配水管网和灌水器(滴头)四部分组成的节水装置,节水率通常在40%~60%以上。滴灌有地表滴灌和地下滴灌两种,滴灌自诞生以来,就是一场阻止杂质堵塞管道、滴头的历史,可以说, 相似文献
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毛竹林喷滴灌溉技术的应用与推广 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
喷滴灌技术具有节本增效、生态环保、当年投资当年见效且长期收益的特点,并具有显著的经济、生态和社会效益。为了进一步推广应用毛竹林喷滴灌溉新技术,从水源选择、建蓄水池、管道选用、管网布设、灌溉方式、灌溉时间及水用量的确定等技术环节总结了应用此项技术的实践经验,并对其推广应用的成效进行了初步的评价。 相似文献
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为了研究滴灌措施下干旱地区防护林内土壤盐分的变化情况,选择建平地区常见的荒山绿化树种——沙棘作为研究对象,开展了滴灌与不滴灌、不同滴灌年限处理下的土壤盐分含量研究,结果表明,滴灌处理可以明显降低浅层土壤中的盐分含量,不灌溉林地处理下土壤盐分变化情况与流动沙丘的对照处理趋于一致,但是后者盐分空间分布的异质性程度更强;滴灌后1~3年,随着年限的增加,同土层中盐分含量逐渐降低,根系生物量干重逐渐增加,且根系分布情况上移,主要集中在0~60 cm的土层中。由此可知,滴灌对浅层土的洗盐效果较好,但是滴灌时间长了根系有向浅层土层集中的趋势,建议每年大水漫灌1次,以有利于根系的下扎。 相似文献
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对酒泉市枸杞栽培中应用的大田漫灌、滴灌、喷灌、沟灌等节水灌溉技术进行调查研究,以灌溉量、水电费、人工费、一次性投资等参数对各种灌溉技术进行全面分析。结果表明:在各种指标综合对比下,滴灌为枸杞栽培中最适宜的灌溉方式,其相对于大田漫灌、喷灌、沟灌节水率分别达到了79.2%、56%和63%,但滴灌一次性投入每667m2为1 500元,远高于其他灌溉方式。建议现阶段采用沟灌方式,既可达到节水目的,又能降低生产成本。 相似文献
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水分是制约西北干旱、半干旱区农林业发展的一个关键因子。由于该区天然降雨量少,且时、空分布极不均匀,再加上地下水资源严重匮乏,给当地群众的生活和生产带来了极大困难(陈昌毓,1995;赵松龄,1996)。通过雨水集流措施,把大气降水贮纳起来,结合节水灌溉和抗旱栽培等综合配套技术,在无灌溉条件的农村建立以优质果树为主的家庭生态果园,不仅提高了土地和水资源的使用效率,而且也给农户带来了一定的经济效益。本文对插管(瓶)灌根、双瓶渗灌(赵岷阳等,1996;初长海,1997)等新型节水灌溉方法及果带覆膜等配套… 相似文献
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Degraded land within the irrigated areas of the Aral Sea Basin is characterized by high soil salinity, shallow saline groundwater (GW), low irrigation water availability and thus is often unsuitable for crop cultivation. Afforestation is one option for mitigating such degraded land but to be successful it requires the selection of appropriate tree species and irrigation techniques for tree establishment. In a two factorial split–plot experiment the survival, dry matter production, root growth, and biomass partitioning of Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Ulmus pumila L., and Populus euphratica Oliv. were compared under three irrigation regimes for two consecutive years. During the third year, the response of the plantations to the cessation of irrigation was evaluated. A “deficit” and “full” water treatment, respectively amounting to 80 and 160 mm year−1 was applied via drip irrigation. Traditional furrow irrigation supplied at the deficit rate, served as the control. Mixed linear model analysis showed significantly enhanced growth of P. euphratica under drip irrigation exceeding 7–14 times that under the control. Drip irrigation was not advantageous for the other species which effectively used the shallow (0.9–2.0 m deep) GW with a salinity ranging between 1.2 and 4.8 dS m−1. After cessation of irrigation, all species at the deficit-irrigated plots retained or increased their growth rates. In contrast, formerly full-irrigated P. euphratica slowed down by about 50%, indicating that deficit watering created better pre-conditions for coping with the termination of irrigation. E. angustifolia produced about 30 t ha−1 year−1 of above-ground biomass more than twice that of the other species, thus showing in the short-run its high potential on marginal land. U. pumila showed stable, albeit moderate growth rates and could be mixed with the short-living, fast-growing E. angustifolia plantations to optimize the yields. Low initial survival (57%) of P. euphratica was compensated for by its strong regeneration and drastically increasing growth rates. Initially high root-zone salinity exceeding 30 dS m−1, stabilized over time within the medium range even in the absence of irrigation. The application of costly drip irrigation for plantation establishment appears unnecessary in the Aral Sea region Khorezm where a shallow, slightly-to-moderately saline GW table prevails throughout the growing season. 相似文献