共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
矿质营养对柑橘品质的影响 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
本文简述了柑橘所需主要营养元素对品质的重要作用,讨论了不同种类肥料对柑橘品质的效应,提出了改善我国柑橘品质现状的主要措施,为科学调控柑橘营养代谢、平衡施肥和开发多养分柑橘缓/控释专用肥料提供依据。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
研究分析柑橘专用肥减量施用及其配种光叶苕子对柑橘果实产量、品质、养分利用的影响,为柑橘化肥减施、提质增效提供技术和依据。在湖北宜昌秭归、夷陵分别选取伦晚脐橙和温州蜜柑果园,采用田间试验,设置当地习惯施肥(CK)、与习惯施肥氮磷钾养分等量的柑橘专用肥(DL)、按习惯施肥氮磷钾总量减少25%的柑橘专用肥(JL)及其配种光叶苕子(JLL)4个处理,每处理重复4次,每重复选择生长一致的3~4棵树,采用常规方法测定土壤、柑橘叶片养分含量、果实产量和品质。试验结果表明:1)与习惯施肥相比,养分等量和减量25%的专用肥没有使伦晚脐橙、温州蜜柑果实产量下降;减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子使伦晚脐橙、温州蜜柑产量有提高趋势。2)以每千克氮磷钾养分产出果实产量计肥料养分效率,施用等量、减量25%专用肥和专用肥减量25%+配种光叶苕子均有提高每千克氮磷钾果实产量即氮磷钾养分效率的趋势,尤其是减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子明显提高了温州蜜柑养分效率。3)施用养分等量、减量25%专用肥和减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子均增加了伦晚脐橙、温州蜜柑果实可溶性固形物、Vc含量和固酸比,降低了可滴定酸含量,果实品质明显改善。4)减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子,增加了伦晚脐橙柑橘春梢叶片氮、磷含量,降低了两个果园5月份土壤速效氮、磷含量和下半年20~40 cm土层速效氮、磷、钾含量。柑橘专用肥提高了柑橘养分效率和果实品质,施用减量25%专用肥+配种光叶苕子提高了柑橘果实产量品质、养分效率。 相似文献
8.
氮磷钾肥对红壤地区幼龄柑橘生长发育和果实产量及品质的影响 总被引:27,自引:5,他引:27
利用盆栽试验研究了氮、磷、钾肥对幼龄柑橘树生长发育和果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明,施用氮、磷、钾肥明显影响柑橘树新生叶片数和叶片大小;对柑橘三梢抽梢和生长状况也产生明显影响,不施氮、磷、钾肥处理的柑橘树三梢生长量分别为OPT处理(施足各种养分)的14.5%、74.5%和91.6%。不施氮、磷、钾肥处理的柑橘树开花数分别为OPT处理的28.9%、89.8%和91.9%;成果率分别为24.3%、83.3%和93.0%。不施氮、磷、钾肥柑橘果实产量分别下降22.2%、16.8%和21.2%;柑橘果实的品质指标尤其是外观品质受到严重影响。试验结果还表明,氮肥对红壤上种植的幼龄柑橘树的营养生长的影响程度大于磷肥,钾肥对营养生长影响程度最小,然而对柑橘产量和品质,氮、钾肥的影响程度大于磷肥。3年的试验结果说明,合理施用氮、磷、钾肥能明显促进幼龄柑橘树体生长发育,同时能提高柑橘产量和改善果实品质。 相似文献
9.
10.
红壤侵蚀区果园间作系统生态经济效益分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过野外定位小区试验,在生产能力、改土能力、能量流、价值流等方面对红壤侵蚀区常见的柑橘果园间作生态系统的生态经济效益进行了比较分析,并采用层次分析法对各系统的综合效益进行评价.结果表明:不管是果农间作、果肥间作还是果草间作均能很好利用自然资源,并能取得较好的生态、经济和社会效益;其中柑橘与花生和西瓜、柑橘与花生、柑橘与甘薯这几种间作系统能量和价值的输出高,但输入也高,在资金充足、劳力和肥料充裕时,选择其能获得很高的综合效益;柑橘与大叶猪屎豆、柑橘与百喜草、柑橘与印度豇豆这几种间作系统的能量和价值的输入较低,在资金紧张、劳力和肥料不足时,选择其也能获得较高的综合效益. 相似文献
11.
研究重庆柑橘园的钙素营养现状,为合理管理柑橘园钙素营养提供科学依据。通过对重庆市218个柑橘园土壤及叶片的采样分析和调查研究,结果表明,重庆市柑橘园土壤钙含量丰富,平均为3316.7 mg/kg,其中49.5%的土壤有效钙含量较高(>3000 mg/kg),缺钙的土壤(1000 mg/kg)仅占 17.9%;但是柑橘叶片钙含量不足或缺乏(30 g/kg)的柑橘园占38.3%,叶片钙含量过高(70 g/kg)的仅占0.3%;叶片钙含量不足的样本数明显高于缺钙土壤;土壤钙与柑橘叶片钙含量的关系因土壤钙含量的不同而存在差异,当土壤有效钙含量低 (1000 mg/kg)时,叶片钙含量也低(30 g/kg),叶片钙含量随土壤有效钙含量的增加而升高,二者呈极显著正相关 y=0.0151 x +16.459 (r =0.608**, n=39, r 0.01=0.408);当土壤有效钙含量呈高量或过量时,二者的相关关系不显著,叶片缺乏和过量现象并存。缺钙土壤和钙含量高的土壤上都可能出现叶片缺钙现象,在管理柑橘园钙素营养时,应综合分析影响钙素营养的各种因素,选择适宜的钙肥种类、施钙方式和时期,结合土壤的供钙能力、柑橘种类及砧木、营养元素之间的平衡等,制定出合理的管理模式。 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(9):1344-1362
Most soils in Florida are very sandy, and water-soluble fertilizers (WSF) are subjected to leaching loss. Alternate fertilization is a promising practice to reduce such loss. Dolomite phosphate rock (DPR), which contains calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, is potentially useful for agricultural production and landscaping plants. In this study, DPR fertilizers were developed from mixing of DPR material and N-viro soil. A typical agricultural soil (Alfisol) in Florida was used for greenhouse studies, and ryegrass and citrus seedlings were tested. The DPR fertilizers appeared superior to WSF for the growth of ryegrass based on dry-matter yield and nutrient concentrations in plant; however, it was not evident in citrus seedlings. DPR fertilizers were effective in raising pH (by 3 units) and electrical conductivity of acidic sandy soils and increasing soil organic matter, total nutrients, and available nutrients. The concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc in the plant tissues were less than toxicity limits. 相似文献
13.
我国柑橘氮磷钾肥用量及减施潜力 总被引:15,自引:5,他引:10
14.
A. Mozafar 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):2479-2506
Effect of mineral fertilizers on the vitamin content of plants has received very little attention by scientists in English‐speaking countries, especially in recent years. A review of the literature, however, has revealed a rich source of information mostly published in non‐English journals. Based on these reports, nitrogen fertilizers, especially at high rates, seem to decrease the concentration of vitamin C in many different fruits and vegetables, among them potatoes, tomatoes and citrus fruits, the major sources of this vitamin in human nutrition in many societies. Nitrogen fertilizers are also shown to increase the concentrations of carotenes and vitamin B1 in plants. Since excess use of nitrogen fertilizers increases the concentration of NO3 in plant foods and simultaneously decreases that of ascorbic acid, a known inhibitor for the formation of carcinogenic N‐nitroso compounds from nitrite, it appears that the use of these fertilizers may have a double negative effect on the quality of food plants. Vitamin C and several carotenoids have antioxidant properties and reportedly reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases and some forms of cancer. Whether long‐term consumption of food plants grown with excess use of nitrogen fertilizers would have an overall positive or negative effect on the total intake of antioxidative vitamins by consumers warrants investigation. 相似文献
15.
生长期喷钙提高锦橙果实品质及延长贮藏期 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
探讨钙对柑橘果实贮藏品质及衰老的影响,为合理调控柑橘钙素营养、延长果实的贮藏保鲜期提供理论和技术支撑。通过在北碚447锦橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv.Jincheng)生长的不同时期进行树体补钙,研究钙对果实贮藏品质及酶活性的影响。结果表明,在锦橙的生长期喷钙能提高果实钙含量,抑制果实贮藏过程中维生素C等物质的氧化分解,提高果实可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比,改善果实品质。不同时期喷钙均能提高果实中抗氧化酶(CAT、SOD)活性,降低细胞壁水解酶(PG、CX)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,减轻脂质过氧化程度,果胶的分解转化速度减慢,丙二醛、可溶性果胶的含量明显降低,从而维持果皮具有一定的强度,延缓了果实的衰老,降低烂果的发生率,延长了果实的贮藏保鲜期。其中以幼果期喷钙在提高果实钙含量、延长贮藏期等方面的效果较好,其次是果实膨大期喷钙,成熟期喷钙效果最差。在幼果期和果实膨大期喷钙是提高果实品质、延长采后果实贮藏保鲜期的重要措施。 相似文献
16.
17.
为确定重庆市柑桔园土壤酸碱度及金属元素的含量状况及变化特征,2008年对重庆104个柑桔园的土壤农化样(树冠周围)和背景样(树间对照区)进行采样分析。结果表明,84.6%的植桔土壤pH值呈下降趋势,平均降幅为9.6%,56.8%的柑桔园土壤pH小于6.5,与背景样相比,土壤pH值小于5.5的果园明显增加,占调查总数的32.7%;7.8%的柑桔园土壤pH在4.8以下,不适合柑桔的生长。随着pH的降低,土壤有效钙、有效镁含量呈降低趋势,而土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效铜和有效锌含量则明显上升,进一步酸化可能对柑桔生长产生毒害,在柑桔的栽培管理中,应采取必要措施进行防治。 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1):65-69
Abstract The presence of small amounts of apparently physiologically significant nitrate‐N in citrus leaves was demonstrated. Nitrate‐N and total N were determined and compared in citrus tree leaves receiving different rates of N and, in one case, additional P and K fertilizers. The nitrate‐N in the leaves showed a close relationship with the N fertilizer rate. In P and K fertilized trees, nitrate‐N content was also affected by these two elements. 相似文献
19.
20.
我国不同种类柑橘养分状况及氮磷钾推荐用量研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0