山杨根蘖萌生嫩枝扦插繁殖技术(英文)

以山杨优树的根段为繁殖材料进行分层埋根处理，将其根蘖萌生嫩枝扦插繁殖，对影响山杨根蘖萌生嫩枝扦插的因子如发芽率、存活率及高生长进行比较分析。结果表明，最佳埋根基质是珍珠岩，嫩枝萌生率为15.6%；根段直径3-4 cm，嫩枝萌生率高，为12.4%；最佳扦插基质为沙土与土比例为2：1的基质，扦插成活率81.3%，草炭与土比例为1：1的基质对扦插苗高生长效果最好；来源于树干不同位置的扦插苗在高生长上显示出显著差异，嫩枝顶端明显高于中部和下部。     

Variation analysis and fine family selection on half-sib progenies from clonal seed orchard of Pinus massoniana

Variation of traits that include height, diameter at breast height (DBH), stem volume, crown width, straightness, wood basic density, tracheid length and width of open-pollinated progenies from clonal seed orchard of Pinus massoniana was analyzed. Differences in traits such as growth, tree form and wood quality among families was significant, which indicated that the improvement potential was notable. Heritability of height and wood basic density reached 0.691 and 0.640, respectively. According to a correlation analysis between traits, stem straightness could be improved indirectly when growth traits are improved; growth traits were significantly correlated with wood basic density; and wood basic density was not significantly correlated with length and width of the tracheid. Under the selection ratio of 10%, genetic gains were 19.74% and 19.32% respectively, and selected families from the progeny test stands at the age of five years and eight years were the same. Genetic correlation of height, DBH and stem volume was also significant at the level of 0.01. These show that selection of the short rotation of P. massoniana for pulp and paper use would be efficient for five-year-old trees. According to the comparison of the heritability of all the traits and taking into account the result of canonical correlation analysis, height could be considered as the most important index for selection. Given wood quality of all the families, and flowering and fruit settings of the clones in a seed orchard, twelve fine families were selected at 10% selection ratio of height growth and stem volume. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 43–49 [译自: 林业科学]     

Geographic variation and genetic performance of Picea koraiensis in growth and wood characteristics

Eight provenances of 19-year-oldPicea koraiensis Nakai from the provenance trials of Maoershan (45°20′N, 127°30′E), Liangshui (47°10′N, 128°53′E) and Jiagedaqi (50°24′N, 124°07′E) in Northeast China were investigated to analyze the genetic variation in growth characteristics (tree height and diameter) and wood characteristics (tracheid length, tracheid diameter, tracheid wall thickness, annual ring width as well as wood density). Great variation in height growth and breast height diameter growth was observed among the provenances, and along with the increase of tree age, these provenances presented different geographic adaptability. The growth characteristics ofPicea koraiensis stand at age of 10 in Maoershan and Liangshui provenance trials had a positive correlation with longitude, and with increase of tree age to 15 and 19, the tree growth of the provenances displayed a significant positive correlation with latitude as well as altitude. For wood characteristics, great variation was also found among the provenances. There exists a close relation between growth characteristics and wood properties of the provenance. The height and breast height diameter growth of the provenance had a positive correlation with tracheid diameter and annual ring width, and a negative correlation with tracheid wall thickness and wood density. Genetic performance of the provenance in all above characteristics was also investigated in order to provide more useful information for comprehensive selection of this species for pulpwood and plywood production. Foundation item: The paper was supported by National Key Project of The State Forestry Administration. (96-011-01-06) Biography: WANG Qiu-yu (1957-), female, professor in College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

林地土壤及其真菌对毛红椿种子发芽及幼苗保存的影响

[目的]通过不同群落毛红椿天然林林地土壤及其真菌对种子萌发和幼苗存活影响的研究,探讨影响毛红椿天然更新的障碍因素。[方法]在江西九连山国家级自然保护区内的3个毛红椿天然优势群落中,分别取距离毛红椿母树3个不同距离(2.5、5.0、7.5 m)处的根区土壤和远离毛红椿母树(25 m以外)的非根区土壤,以非林地土为对照开展室内模拟播种和以根区土壤真菌的水或根系分泌物悬液对毛红椿幼苗进行灌根接种,观察种子萌发、幼苗存活和幼苗感病情况。[结果]各群落土壤中种子发芽均呈先上升后下降规律,且基本在第8 10天达到高峰;林地土与非林地土种子发芽率差异不显著,但林地根区土幼苗的存活率极显著低于非林地土和林地非根区土;距母树3个不同距离根区土的幼苗存活率差异不显著。灌根接种不同处理间幼苗存活率差异极显著,具体表现为接种RS2、RS5根区真菌的幼苗感病率显著高于根系分泌物及无菌水空白对照,且RS2真菌的根系分泌物悬浮液幼苗感病率显著高于其无菌水悬浮液。[结论]毛红椿种子萌发不受土壤环境的影响,但幼苗建成受根区范围内土壤的影响,根系分泌物和致病菌的互作显著降低幼苗保存率。由此推断,毛红椿根区土壤内存在幼苗的潜在致病菌及根系分泌物可增强其致病性。     

药用植物昆明山海棠插根繁殖试验

昆明山海棠根插总体平均成活率26.17%,插根长度对成活率无显著影响,插根粗度对成活率有显著影响。0.4~0.8？粗度插根成活率明显高于0.8~1.2？、1.2~2.0？粗度的插根,成活率依次为36.30%、24.44%、17.78%。插根第30天形成愈伤组织,第54天初始发芽。6月初至7月中下旬为萌发高峰期,萌发过程延续至9月中旬。1年生根插苗木平均高（茎长）35.9？,最高达126？;平均地径0.43？,最大0.9？;平均根数6.9条,根平均长度18.62？,根平均粗度0.25？。     

Nutrient element contents of cutting seedlings of hybrid species （ Liriodendron chinense x tulipifera）

The cutting seedlings ofLiriodendron chinense xtulipifera were treated with the different concentrations of auxin (treatment₁: IBA of 50 g·kg⁻¹+NAA of 300 g·kg⁻¹; treatment₂; IBA of 100 g·kg⁻¹+NAA of 300 g·kg⁻¹). The biomass nutrient element contents for different organs (root, stem, leaf) of cutting seedling ofLiriodendron chinense xtulipifera were measured by the dry method, Kjeldahl method and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy method. The result showed that the biomass of root, stem, and leaf of the cutting seedling treated with auxin was all remarkably increased. The contents of element C in root, stem and leaf had no significant difference between the control and auxin treatments, while the contents of N, P, K and Ca in stem were much lower than that in leaf and root. Variance analysis showed that for the same organ with different concentration treatment of auxin, the four nutrient elements (N, P, K, and Ca) had no significant difference in contents, while there existed significant or very significant difference in contents of the four nutrient elements in different organs with the same concentration auxin treatment. The N, P, K and Ca contents were very low in cutting seedlings; as a result, additional fertilizer should be applied to the seedlings when they were planted in the field. Foundation item: This paper was supported by Jiangsu Province Science Foundation (BE96350). Biography: ZHANG Xiao-ping, (1972-), female, Ph. Doctor in Nanjing Forestry University. Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

Selection, propagation and cultivation of Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use

Based on the growth, wood property of the ortets, and rooting abilities of cuttings, 32 Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use were selected from forests of superior provenance, mixed families, and progeny test of seed orchard by two-step selection. The average height and DBH growth of three-year-old clones were 28.6% and 16.7%, respectively, higher than those from seedlings, and average gain of wood density reached 8.7%. Rooting rate of all these clones was over 80%, 28% higher than the clones selected by a single step. A cutting orchard of 0.33 hm² on the hillside was constructed to intensively produce cuttings according to the tests on construction methods, pruning, and fertilization. A total of 50,000 grade I, 37,500 grade II, and 62,500 grade III cuttings were collected per hectare of this cutting orchard each time, and were cut three times each year. With all the above techniques, 48 hm² of clonal forests for pulp use of those clones had been planted in five places in Fujian Province. Container stecklings are more likely to increase the planting survival rate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(1): 64–69 [译自: 林业科学]     

杉木3种更新方法的初步研究

在西江林场,采用实生苗造林、萌芽更新和插条造林3种更新方法对杉木林分进行了改造。结果表明:经实生苗造林和萌芽更新后,杉木林分的树高、胸径和材积生长均好于插条造林,而实生苗造林和萌芽更新的杉木林分的树高、胸径和材积生长相差不大。     

沙漠葳扦插试验研究

沙漠葳扦插试验研究表明：沙漠葳的枝条生根能力较强,ABT生根粉对其枝条生根能力的促进作用不显著;嫩枝扦插成活率高于半木质化枝条和木质化枝条;木质化枝条生根能力随枝条直径的增加而增强,扦插育苗应采用大于0．6cm的枝条,其扦插成活率较高,愈伤组织生根与皮下生根共同组成发达的地下根系系统,后期的营养生长比较旺盛,而直径小于0．6cm的插穗和嫩枝皮下组织生根能力较弱,根系仅由愈伤组织生根,或者有少数皮下生根,根系不发达,营养生长较弱;风沙土是一种比较理想的扦插基质;在温棚内最佳扦插时期为10月份,成活率较高。     

Impacts of burial and insect infection on germination and seedling growth of acorns of Quercus variabilis

Rodents usually exert important role, through their scatter seed hoarding behavior, on plant regeneration in the field. To investigate the effects of burial and insects infection on germination and seedling growth of acorns of Quercus variabilis, perfect and infected acorns were buried in the soil among four depths, 0 cm, 4 cm, 8 cm and 12 cm, to simulate the seed hoarding behavior by rodents in the field. The results showed that (1) the germination rate were both high, under 4 cm burial depth, for perfect and infected acorns (92% and 53% separately), and decreased significantly with increased burial depth; (2) perfect acorns germinated better in 4 cm burial depth group by autumn of first year; (3) there 32% (perfect) and 26% (infected) acorns with 0 cm burial depth, on the soil surface, germinated successfully; for infected acorns, the 4 cm depth group had the best germination or seedling recruitment in both the first year and the second year; (4) acorns of Q. variabilis exhibited dormancy period ca 7 months; (5) burial, infection, and the interaction between these two factors influenced several aspects including stem height, leaf weight, Tannic acid, and biomass within seedling growth; (6) the results from this study suggest that proper burial would be helpful for the germination and seedling growth, and seedlings of shallow buried acorns had an advantage in their early development; and (7) infection by insects will not inevitably influence seedling early development.     

四川低海拔区杉木萌生林经营前景研究

通过对四川省低海拔区杉木萌生林生长特点的分析，确定在中、上立地条件下，杉木第一代萌生林的成熟龄在１４～１６年左右。从胸径和树高生长看，第一代萌生林以留萌一株为好，但从单位面积蓄积看，以留萌两株为佳，在距地面高度不大的情况下，不同的采伐方式和伐桩高度对萌生林生长影响不大。一代萌生林的木材力学学性质与全国同年龄实生杉木的性质十分接近。详细的经济分析表明，在低海拔地区经营第一代杉木萌生林具有良好的前景。     

控释肥和灌溉方式对栓皮栎容器苗苗木质量及造林效果的影响

[目的]探讨控释肥和灌溉方式对栓皮栎(Quercus variabilis Bl.)容器苗生长、养分含量、基质电导率(EC)及2年造林效果的影响,为培育高质量苗木提供参考。[方法]以栓皮栎容器苗为研究对象,采用双因素完全随机试验设计,设置5个施肥水平(以N元素含量为基准,5个施肥水平分别为:25、75、125、175、225 mg·株~(-1))和2种灌溉方式(上方喷灌(O)、底部渗灌(S)),测定栓皮栎容器苗形态指标、养分含量、根系生长、基质EC值及连续2年造林效果。[结果]表明:(1)施肥量和灌溉方式二者对苗木形态指标影响存在交互效应,225-O处理的苗木地径、根生物量、单株生物量最大,但根生物量、单株生物量在225-O、125-S、175-O处理之间差异不显著。225-S处理的苗高、茎生物量、茎根比最大,茎生物量在225-S与225-O之间差异不显著。(2)苗木茎、根的氮磷钾浓度和含量随施肥量的增加而增大,施肥量125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的根氮、磷含量及单株磷含量差异不显著。(3)增加施肥量促进苗木根系的生长,施肥量为125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的根系表面积、体积差异不显著。(4)基质EC值随施肥量的增加而增大,底部渗灌显著提高了基质上层、下层的EC值,基质上层、下层的最大EC值分别为4. 69、0. 56d S·m-1,没有对苗木生长产生不利影响。(5)和上方喷灌相比,底部渗灌显著地促进造林第1年幼树的树高、地径生长;造林第1年、第2年的树高和地径均随施肥量的增加而增大,造林第2年,施肥量125、175、225 mg·株~(-1)处理之间的树高、地径差异不显著。[结论]底部渗灌提高了栓皮栎容器苗体内的养分含量,促进了造林第1年幼树树高、地径的生长。施加控释肥有利于苗期苗木质量的提高及造林后苗木的快速生长。综合考虑苗木质量、经济效益、环境利益,培育栓皮栎容器苗可选择底部渗灌和控释肥量为125 mg·株~(-1)的组合(以N元素含量为基准)。     

几种措施对思茅松插穗生根率影响的研究

以1年生和2年生思茅松实生苗的主梢及侧枝作插穗进行扦插基质,插穗预处理方式,激素处理插穗的种类及激素浓度的4因素,每因素设3个水平的正交试验,研究不同处理对思茅松插穗生根的影响。研究表明,影响1年生苗木插穗生根率的主导因素是扦插基质,其次是预处理方式;影响2年生苗木插穗生根率的主导因素是预处理方式,其次是激素处理。在预处理方式中以用高锰酸钾溶液浸条的效果最好;扦插基质宜选用比例为3?2的蛭石?泥炭和河沙?泥炭;激素种类以吲哚乙酸的效果最佳。试验还表明,从1年生和2年生苗木上采集的思茅松插穗,其生根率差异显著,以1年生苗木上的插穗生根率最高,达98%;且以用主干上萌发的枝条作插穗为好。     

普拉索芦荟组织培养技术研究

取普拉索芦菩嫩茎作外植体，培养于附加不同种类和激素浓度的ＭＳ或改良的ＭＳ培养基上，在附加 ６－ＢＡ１．５ ｍｇ／Ｌ时，丛生芽诱导效果最佳，萌发数量最多；在附加 ６－ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ时，丛生芽生长最好，芽长且健壮，；在附加Ｉ ＡＡ０．２ ｍｇ／Ｌ时，生根效果最佳；当苗高 ３ ｃｍ以上，根长达２ ｃｍ以上时，开盖 ３ ｄ移入温室（１０～１６℃），炼苗 ３ ｄ后，移栽于蛙石；河沙；腐质土为０．５：１：１．５的混合基质的土壤中，成活率达９１．３％。     

Seed pretreatments and nursery regimes for raising Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Grisebach)

Four nursery experiments were carried out between 1984 and 1989to investigate ways of improving the germination and growthof Pinus peuce seedlings. In each of three germination experiments,the highest germination percentage was achieved with the longestduration of stratification. In the same experiments, bettergermination was usually achieved using alternating warm (c.20°C) and cold (2°C) pretreatments rather than coldpretreatment alone. The treatments that gave the best germinationwere generally those which provided the best height growth.In an experiment examining the effect of different nutrientsupon the growth of 1-year-old seedlings, height and root collardiameter were increased in the presence of nitrogen. However,these parameters were depressed by the presence of phosphate,potassium and magnesium.     

华北落叶松容器苗培育基质研究

本研究旨在探讨不同培育基质对华北落叶松容器苗苗木质量的影响。培育基质设置了6种配方,分别是:森林土(10);草炭土∶猪羊厩肥∶黄土(6∶3∶1);草炭土∶鹿粪∶黄土(7∶2∶1);阔叶腐殖土∶酵母菌生态有机肥(8∶2);草炭土(10);阔叶腐殖质土∶厩肥∶锯末∶黄土(5∶3∶1∶1)。对6种配方中的华北落叶松容器苗的苗高、地径、侧根数、主根长及高径比等生长指标进行了调查。结果表明:华北落叶松容器苗第6种基质配方的苗木质量最佳。基质配方2、4、6培育的华北落叶松苗木,在苗高、地径、侧根数上,与其他3种基质相比,均具有显著差异,而基质为纯草炭土在各项指标上表现效果不是最优。     

轻基质组分对油橄榄扦插容器育苗的影响

为筛选适宜油橄榄扦插容器苗生长的轻基质,提高油茶果壳废弃物利用率,降低环境污染,以泥炭、细沙、珍珠岩和油茶果壳作为试验材料,设置10种基质配方,对油橄榄扦插后容器苗的生长情况进行研究。结果表明:轻基质组分对油橄榄扦插苗各生长指标均有较大的影响。根径多集中在0~0.5mm,珍珠岩质量分数35.00%~66.67%有助于增加根系粗度,泥炭中添加油茶果壳能显著增加苗高、地径和根系数量,细沙和珍珠岩能提高扦插苗生根率,根系平均直径与根系数量和根冠比呈显著负相关。综合来看,泥炭和珍珠岩混合基质(体积比3∶2)适宜作为油橄榄扦插育苗基质,油茶果壳作为容器育苗的轻基质具有一定的开发价值。     

丹东桧柏半木质化嫩枝扦插技术研究

为探讨丹东桧柏半木质化嫩枝扦插技术,进行了不同部位的插穗、不同生根剂及其不同浓度、不同扦插基质、不同扦插时期的扦插生根试验,结果表明:采条部位上、中、下均可,生根剂以IAA最适合,浓度以100mg·L-1最佳,基质以沙土混合土和炉灰为宜,扦插时期以3月15日为好。100mg·L-1是IAA的最佳浓度,其生根率为97.5%,效果明显。     

Survival and juvenile growth of Populus ‘Rasumowskiana’ cuttings from different stem and branch positions

The influence of ortet position on rooting and sprout growth of Populus Rasumowskiana cuttings was studied in the nursery over a period of two years using cuttings from 1-year-old stem shoots and side branches. Apical parts of the plants were not included in the material used in this trial. For branch cuttings, survival decreased with location of the cutting from base to apex; and for stem cuttings, height growth decreased from base to apex. In neigther was the trend significant. As a rule, branch cuttings rooted and grew better than stem cuttings, although the stem cuttings were thicker.