皂荚物候期初步研究

以襄汾县皂荚树为研究对象,对其物候期及生长规律进行了观测分析。结果表明:皂荚在3月中旬芽开始萌动,1周左右开始膨大,3月下旬到4月上旬为展叶期。清明节前后开始开花,花期持续10 d～15 d左右。皂刺的刺芽4月10号左右开始萌动,4月、5月为皂刺快速生长期。枝条从4月开始旺盛生长,叶片叶绿素、叶周长等指标在3月至7月总体呈增长趋势。5月中上旬皂荚进入果实生长发育期,果期可达6个月。10月下旬进入落叶期,约持续12 d.果实平均长、宽、厚、重量为23.7 cm,32.76 mm,13.02 mm,25.5 g,种子平均长度、平均宽度、千粒重为11.31 mm,8.43 mm,405.14 g.     

雷公藤物候观察初报

在雷公藤种质资源圃中对雷公藤3个类型132个单株，定期进行物候观察，结果表明：雷公藤枝条1a春、秋生长2次，以春梢为主，典型雷公藤与中间型雷公藤春梢生长集中于4月上旬至5月上旬，昆明山海棠春梢生长比典型雷公藤迟20d左右，生长季也长，集中在4月下旬至6月下旬。典型雷公藤5月中旬始花，5月下旬盛花，6月下旬花谢，果实10月上中旬成熟；中间型雷公藤与昆明山海棠花期比典型雷公藤迟10d左右。     

小佛肚竹抽枝长叶与竹叶凋落规律研究

通过对观赏竹种小佛肚竹抽枝长叶和竹叶凋落规律的观测研究,结果表明:8月中旬前出笋新竹当年完成抽枝,平均抽枝持续期25 d,以后出笋新竹至翌年4月下旬完成抽枝,抽枝持续期12~171 d。各出笋时期的新竹从竹笋出土至始抽枝的时间差异明显。8月下旬前、8月下旬~9月上旬、9月上旬后出笋新竹,抽枝持续期在时间阶段间差异显著,而时间阶段内差异不显著;8月中旬前出笋新竹当年完成长叶,其后出笋新竹至翌年5月上旬完成长叶,各时期出笋新竹长叶持续期无显著差异,平均12 d;抽枝长叶期23~182 d,总体呈迟出竹笋抽枝长叶期短的规律;不同季节间竹叶凋落量差异显著,以10~12月份最多,4~6月份最少,新叶抽发量以4~6月份最多。     

东北红豆杉有性生殖器官形态建成观察

本文对东北红豆杉雌、雄球花及果实发育形态建成和生殖物候进行观察,结果表明:花芽形成于上一年7—9月,雌球花在树冠上的分布较均匀,雄球花绝大多数分布于树冠的中下部,雌、雄球花多着生在树冠外部枝条叶腋处。4月中旬珠柄伸长,胚珠外露,胚珠珠孔液滴出现,小孢子叶球伸出、散粉。4月下旬至5月初胚珠珠孔液滴和小孢子叶球散粉出现盛期和末期。珠孔接受花粉最佳时期与散粉期均为7~10 d,雌、雄植株花期同步性较高。授精后,子房开始膨大生长,7、8月份为果实膨大期,9月上旬,假种皮初熟。9月中旬至下旬,果实直径最大。9月中旬至10月下旬假种皮陆续成熟、干枯。10月上旬至11月上旬果实陆续成熟、脱落。     

扁桃在昆明引种区的枝条、花芽及果实生长特性

对从美国加州引种至昆明树木园的Nonpareil和Carmel两扁桃品种的物候,当年生枝、花芽分化及果实发育的观测结果发现扁桃在昆明2月上旬萌动生长,随即进入初花期,2月中下旬为盛花期,3月上旬显现幼果;3～6月为枝条生长旺盛期;7月中旬果实成熟。正常情况下,11月开始落叶。枝条生长具有两次高峰,分别出现在3月中下旬和5月下旬至6月上旬(2次枝)。花芽自4月下旬开始分化,经分化前期、花萼期、萼片期、花瓣期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期,至7月下旬花芽形态分化基本完成。果实发育分3个阶段第1阶段为果实发育期,历时30天左右;第2阶段为硬核期60天左右;第3阶段为成熟期25天左右。     

不同栽培方式对蓝莓梢果发育的影响

为给蓝莓的高效优质栽培提供理论依据,以6年生北高丛蓝莓品种‘蓝丰’为试验材料,就温室、冷棚(塑料大棚)、露地3种栽培方式对蓝莓物候期和新梢及果实生长发育的影响情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:温室栽培方式下,‘蓝丰’的始花期、成熟期比冷棚栽培的分别提前了50、37 d,比露地栽培的分别提前了69、58 d;温室、冷棚和露地栽培条件下,蓝莓在花期、果实生长发育期(从坐果至成熟)所需≥10℃的有效积温分别为(169±2)、(454±5)℃,蓝莓果实的最佳采收期分别为5月下旬、6月下旬、7月中旬,其新梢旺长期分别为4月上旬至5月上旬、5月上旬至6月上旬、5月中旬至6月中旬。     

昆明松梢斑螟生物学特性及其防治试验

为摸清昆明松梢斑螟的生物学特性,寻找其有效的防治方法,于2013年1月1日至2017年8月30,采用室内饲养和野外调查相结合的方法,观察其生活史和生活习性,并选用1.7‰高效氯氰菊酯混合粉剂、1.5%吡虫啉混合粉剂、2%敌敌畏烟剂等6种药剂进行昆明松梢斑螟的林间防治试验。结果表明,昆明松梢斑螟在弥勒东山1年发生1代,以幼虫在受害枝梢内越冬。2月下旬越冬幼虫开始取食,幼虫3月中旬至5月下旬化蛹;成虫羽化期为4月上旬至6月中旬;成虫于4月上旬至6月中旬产卵;卵于5月上旬至6月下旬孵化。各年度由于温度不同,其生活史稍有差异。昆明松梢斑螟的不同药剂防治试验以1.5%的吡虫啉+0.5%阿维菌素+98%滑石粉吡虫啉的混合粉剂防治效果最佳。     

南京地区观赏牡丹的栽培管理

牡丹系毛茛科芍药属落叶灌木。性喜凉爽恶湿热,耐寒耐旱,根肉质,忌积水,要求通风和排水良好,适宜于带酸性砂壤土。牡丹喜光,但不能曝晒。牡丹在南京地区的物候期比北方略提前15～20天。2月中旬为萌动期,越冬鳞芽开始膨大,蕾顶尖露出。2月底为显蕾期。3月中下旬为幼蕾期,花蕾直径约1.5cm。3月下旬至4月初为展叶期。4月中旬为开花期,花期约10天左右。4月上旬部分早花品种开花。5月下旬为鳞芽生长分化期。8月上中旬为种子成熟期。8月上旬至10中旬为花芽分化期。10月下旬至11月中旬为落叶期。一、栽培管理。牡丹生性娇柔,对土壤要求较高。牡丹在…     

牡丹鲜切花花期控制方法

牡丹属北方花卉,于2月上旬鳞芽开始萌动,3月中旬放叶,4月下旬(谷雨前后)开花,花期较短,每朵只能开放5～7d.6月初新枝生长停止,顶芽及腑芽开始形成.7～8月间花芽分化,10月落叶;但在夏季烈日、干燥、高温特别是病害干扰下,大多牡丹至8月即先期落叶.     

永顺落叶木莲开花与结实物候学研究

首次报道永顺落叶木莲开花与结实物候学特征。其花期在3月中旬至5月上旬,果期在4月中旬至10月上旬。其间有3次花周期和3次果实发育期,每次花周期和果实发育期天数不同。低海拔比高海拔开花早,落花期亦早,开花周期较短;低海拔较高海拔的果发育期长,种子散落期晚,果实最佳采集期在9月20日至9月30日。     

Carbohydrate requirements of peach fruit growth and respiration

Data on the seasonal patterns of fruit growth and dark respiration of two peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) cultivars were combined with temperature data to calculate the carbohydrate requirements of an "average" peach fruit from bloom to harvest. The two peach cultivars used were June Lady (an early maturing (mid-June) cultivar) and O'Henry (a late maturing (early-August) cultivar). At harvest, the mean dry weight of the June Lady fruit was 17.8 g (139.7 g fresh weight) and of O'Henry fruits was 30.9 g (213.9 g fresh weight), and the times from full bloom to harvest were 107 and 154 days, respectively. The total calculated fruit respiration requirements were 132 and 300 mmol CO(2) fruit(-1) season(-1) for June Lady and O'Henry fruits, respectively. Total calculated carbohydrate requirements for fruit growth and respiration are 23.9 and 43.8 g CH(2)O fruit(-1) season(-1) for June Lady and O'Henry fruits, respectively. Fruit respiration accounted for 16.3% of the total carbohydrate requirements of June Lady fruits and 0.5% of the total carbohydrate requirements of O'Henry fruits.     

世博园外围林区的植物病虫鼠害及防治对策

通过 1997年 10～ 12月、 1998年 3～ 4月及 1999年 1月的 3次调查 ,共设调查线路 18条 ,调查点及标准地 5 6个。查清了面积为 346 4 5 7hm2 的世博园外围林区主要森林植物病虫鼠的种类、发生面积及危害程度。记录外围林区病虫鼠标本 14 3种 ,其中害虫 71种 ,病害 36种 ,天敌 2 7种 ,鼠类 9种。调查中发现国家级检疫对象 2种 ,省级检疫对象 5种。并针对主要病虫鼠的危害情况 ,提出了相应的防治对策     

Leafing, flowering and fruiting of Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. nilotica in savanna parklands in Uganda

Vitellaria paradoxa leafing, flowering and fruiting patterns were monitored in Otuke county (Lira district), northern Uganda, over a period of 25 months. The monitoring revealed that leaf shedding takes place in the middle of the dry season and the trees are in full leaf by the onset of the wet season. New leaves continue to appear on the new shoots while old leaves persist during the leaf-fall period. The pattern of leafing and leaf loss, flowering and fruiting are unimodal with major peaks in flowering and fruiting, although in the study area rainfall is bimodal. Flowering was concentrated in months when the atmospheric relative humidity begins to rise from an initially low value (around November), peaks three months later and usually ends when rainy conditions persist. Flowers produced during the rainy season usually abort. Fruiting starts at the end of the dry season (December/January) and peaks from February to April. Seed matures during the rainy season (March to May) and fruit harvesting occurs mainly from May to August, when the soil is well supplied with plant available water but coinciding with high pre-growing season famine risk in the community.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Lifting and storing bareroot blue oak (Quercus douglasii) seedlings

In California today, several species of native oaks are not regenerating adequately. Artificial regeneration is a means of ensuring sufficient recruitment to replace trees that die or are harvested, and restoring areas where trees have been cleared. Until recently, however, no bareroot oak seedlings were being produced in the state and there was little information to guide nursery operators. This study evaluated the potential of bareroot blue oak seedlings to survive and grow after outplanting. Results indicated that 1-0 nursery stock performed well in the field as long as seedlings were planted early enough in the season to take advantage of a favorable growing environment. Late lifting and long storage resulted in planting at a time when soils were already becoming dry and temperatures were hot. As a result, seedlings grew slowly or even died. Seedlings lifted early in the season (December) grew best. Either one or two months of storage had little effect on seedlings lifted at this time of year. However, seedlings lifted in January, February, and even early March performed adequately as long as they were in the ground by early March. In this study, root growth capacity was not a good predictor of subsequent field performance.     

铅笔柏引种育苗与造林技术初步研究

辽宁省章古台从１９９４年开始引种铅笔柏，进行育苗与造林试验。试验结果认为，铅笔柏种子处理需要从１月下旬至４月下旬，约９０ｄ时间，发芽率较高；而从３月中旬至４月中旬开始处理的种子，因经过低温阶段时间短，故发芽率较低；铅笔柏越冬干梢与种源关系很大，美国南达科他州种源基本不受冻害，面安徽种源干梢较重，不宜直接引种；该树种在水肥充足条件下生长很快，４年生苗高达１．０５ｍ。     

黄缘阿扁叶蜂生物学特性及防治研究

黄缘阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda flavomarginata Maa在赫章危害华山松.该虫1a发生1代,以老熟幼虫在土中越夏越冬,翌年3月中旬开始化蛹,4月上旬始见成虫并产卵,4月中旬幼虫孵化,5月下旬幼虫开始下树入土,进入越夏越冬状态.4月中旬为成虫羽化、产卵盛期,4月中、下旬为幼虫孵化盛期.4月中、下旬为防治幼虫最佳时期.采用30%氯马乳油1500倍液树冠喷药,12 h虫口死亡率达90%以上.     

兜唇石斛植物学特征和生长习性研究

通过试验观察,对兜唇石斛的植物学特征进行了描述;对其生物学习性的观察看到,花期在3月中下旬至4月下旬,开花同时抽新芽、长新根4~8条;5-7月是伸长生长期,8-10月是茎增粗期,10-11月植株成熟,12月至翌年1月植株休眠;茎寿命4年,4年以后,茎黄化萎缩,失去药用价值;果期为5-12月,10-12月种子成熟;单花寿命9~11 d,开花后2~5 d内进行人工授粉可以获得较多的种质资源。     

不同间伐强度对思茅松人工林的生长效应研究

通过对景谷试验示范林场12年生的思茅松人工林开展不同间伐强度的试验,结果表明：（1）通过抚育间伐,能促进思茅松树高、胸径的生长,随着间伐强度的增加,林分平均胸径、平均树高也随之增大;（2）思茅松人工林中龄林采用30％的间伐强度,保留木为1428株／hm2较为适宜。     

花椒嫁接技术研究

为了给花椒生产中快速、高效嫁接方法的选择提供参考,依据花椒生产对嫁接育苗的要求,针对花椒嫁接研究现状,选择嵌芽接、单芽切接、T字型芽接、插皮接、嫩枝腹接和单芽腹切接6种嫁接方法,从接穗的采集与贮存、接穗品种、砧木类别、嫁接时间、嫁接人员、嫁接速率及土壤水分等方面进行了对比试验研究。结果表明:在陇南白龙江沿岸花椒产区,采用嵌芽接方法嫁接的效率最高,嫁接成活率最高。春季于12月底到3月初采集接穗,并贮存于0~5℃的低温中,3月下旬到4月下旬嫁接;夏季随采随接,7月中旬到8月上旬嫁接,成活率可达到90%以上,有效嫁接时间均可以达到30 d以上。采用单芽切接的方法在春季嫁接,成活率可达到95%以上,嫁接时间可延长到30 d左右。     

Effect of heat on cambial reactivation during winter dormancy in evergreen and deciduous conifers

Responses of cambium to warming were recorded three times (December 14-27, 1990, January 18-February 3 and February 27-March 13, 1991) on 14-year-old Cryptomeria japonica D. Don and four times (December 12-26, 1990, January 18-February 2, February 26-March 12 and March 28-April 13, 1991) on 27-year-old Larix leptolepis Gord., during a period of winter cambial dormancy. Stem surfaces at breast height, mid-tree height and the crown base were warmed to 25-30 degrees C for 2 weeks. After heat treatment, cambia in the treated regions and in untreated regions 1 m above each treated area were examined by optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In C. japonica, heat treatment often resulted in cambial reactivation in the treated regions, and this response to heat gradually increased as the dormant season passed from winter to spring. Conversely, in L. leptolepis, no cell division was observed in the cambial region of warmed stems until natural resumption of cambial activity, which occurred after bud break.