The Vigorous,Forceful, Extensive and Profound Style of Calligraphy——Kang Wanli,Inheritance of Beipai Kangti Calligraphy

中国书法家康万里以其粗狂、豪放、厚重、泼辣的书写风格确立了享誉海内外的北派康体书法。本文回顾了康万里成长经历和艺术成就,真实呈现了康万里在推进中国书法艺术事业中所起到的积极努力。笔者希望通过此文能让更多的人了解北派康体书法。     

in both times of testing, wh

in contrast with its insignificant effect on recognition of general information in both tests. As regards the effect of the very act of taking notes (the encoding function of note-taking), no significant effect has been found in any condition in either test.     

Effect of dietary contents of cholecalciferol, 1α,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol on blood concentrations of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol, 1α,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol,total calcium and eggshell quality

1. Withdrawal of cholecalciferol (D₃) supplement from a layers diet drastically reduced blood 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25‐OH‐D₃), 1α,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) and egg specific gravity (SG) within two weeks, followed by a decrease in blood total calcium (Ca).

2. Doubling the D₃ supplement in the control diet (27.5 μg or 1100 IU/kg) almost linearly increased the circulating concentration of 25‐OH‐D₃ without raising the concentration of calcitriol, Ca, or egg SG.

3. Replacing D₃ by the optimal concentration of calcitriol (5 μg/kg diet) improved egg SG after 21 weeks of treatment without increasing blood calcitriol or total Ca.

4. By itself, 24,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25‐(OH)₂D₃] was unable to maintain normal blood levels of calcitriol, Ca or egg SG and, when added together with calcitriol in the diet, tended to elevate blood Ca but suppress the beneficial effect of calcitriol on shell quality, with little or no effect on blood calcitriol.     

Report of the 3rd Havemeyer workshop on allergic diseases of the Horse, Hólar, Iceland, June 2007

Allergic diseases occur in most mammals, although some species such as humans, dogs and horses seem to be more prone to develop allergies than others. In horses, insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH), an allergic dermatitis caused by bites of midges, and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), a hyperreactivity to stable born dust and allergens, are the two most prevalent allergic diseases. Allergic diseases involve the interaction of three major factors: (i) genetic constitution, (ii) exposure to allergens, and (iii) a dysregulation of the immune response determined by (i) and (ii). However, other environmental factors such as infectious diseases, contact with endotoxin and degree of infestation with endoparasites have been shown to influence the prevalence of allergic diseases in humans. How these factors may impact upon allergic disease in the horse is unknown at this time. The 3rd workshop on Allergic Diseases of the Horse, with major sponsorship from the Havemeyer Foundation, was held in Hólar, Iceland, in June 2007 and focussed on immunological and genetic aspects of IBH and RAO. This particular venue was chosen because of the prevalence of IBH in exported Icelandic horses. The incidence of IBH is significantly different between Icelandic horses born in Europe or North America and those born in Iceland and exported as adults. Although the genetic factors and allergens are the same, exported adult horses show a greater incidence of IBH. This suggests that environmental or epigenetic factors may contribute to this response. This report summarizes the present state of knowledge and summarizes important issues discussed at the workshop.     

Expressed gene sequence of the IFNγ-response chemokine CXCL9 of cattle, horses, and swine

This report describes the cloning and characterization of expressed gene sequences of bovine, equine, and swine CXCL9 from RNA obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and other tissues. The bovine coding region was 378 nucleotides in length, while the equine and swine coding regions were 381 nucleotides. Mapping showed that all three sequences were coded for in four exons in the genome, as are the human and mouse genes. The bovine, equine, and swine coding regions shared 83%, 86%, and 84% homology with human CXCL9, respectively, and all three were 74% homologous with mouse CXCL9. Cladogram comparison of the nucleotide sequences of CXCL9 showed that the bovine, equine and swine sequences were more closely related to one another than to either the human or the mouse sequences. However, the human sequence was more closely related to them than it was to the mouse sequence. These relationships were preserved when the deduced amino acid sequences were evaluated and all sequences showed conservation of the characteristic four cysteines. This work sets the stage for further work with these molecules; an integral goal of the U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network is to develop reagents for investigating diseases in livestock species, poultry, and fish.     

Disposal of dog feces--why, who, how?--esthetic, legal and organizational aspects

Dog droppings in public footpaths and playgrounds have become a problem that makes many pedestrians and visitors feel more and more molested and even endangered. Increasingly, it also leads to a confrontation between the people afflicted and that part of the dog owners who never feel responsible for the removal of their pet's faeces. In the paper some considerations will be made on the "why", the "who" and the "how" of dog faeces disposal. The recommendation is to motivate the dog owners to teach their pets to defecate into the gutter or to remove the faeces that way by simple means, conform with the environment. Since rainfall makes the deposits gather in this area anyhow, there will be no additional burden for the municipal disposal facilities by this way.     

Prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas of the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais--Brazil

In Brazil there are few reports on the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas. Serum samples from 450 dogs, 300 from urban, 58 from periurban and 92 from rural areas, were tested for the detection of anti-N. caninum IgG antibodies using IFAT: indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT, > or =50). Antibodies were observed in 63 (14%) of the 450 serum samples analyzed, with 32 (10.7%) in dogs coming from the urban area, 11 (18.9%) from the periurban area and 20 (21.7%) from the rural area. Statistical differences were seen between the occurrences in animals from the urban area and those of the rural area (P = 0.01). The antibody titers found were: 1:50 in 20 dogs, 1:100-1:800 in 41 dogs, and 1:3200 in two dogs. In the female dogs, a smaller prevalence of dogs with antibodies was observed in those from the urban area (7.5%) in comparison with those of the rural (21.0%) (P = 0.05) and periurban (23.3%) (P = 0.01) areas. There were growing levels of antibody prevalence with the increase in age of the dogs in all three areas studied. Although this increase was not significant, it indicates a tendency towards more infections with age, suggesting post-natal exposure to N. caninum. However, a significant difference (P = 0.05) was observed in the occurrence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in dogs with ages = 2 years in urban (13.1% urban) versus rural environments (27.1% rural). Among the other age brackets studied the difference was not significant. The results confirm the presence of N. caninum in the region and reveal the important role of dogs in the parasite's epidemiology.     

Modulation of the immunogenicity of the Trypanosoma congolense cysteine protease, congopain, through complexation with ��2-macroglobulin

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma congolense is the main causative agent of livestock trypanosomosis. Congopain, the major lysosomal cysteine proteinase of T. congolense, contributes to disease pathogenesis, and antibody-mediated inhibition of this enzyme may contribute to mechanisms of trypanotolerance. The potential of different adjuvants to facilitate the production of antibodies that would inhibit congopain activity was evaluated in the present study. Rabbits were immunised with the recombinant catalytic domain of congopain (C2), either without adjuvant, with Freund’s adjuvant or complexed with bovine or rabbit α₂-macroglobulin (α₂M). The antibodies were assessed for inhibition of congopain activity. Rabbits immunised with C2 alone produced barely detectable anti-C2 antibody levels and these antibodies had no effect on recombinant C2 or native congopain activity. Rabbits immunised with C2 and Freund’s adjuvant produced the highest levels of anti-C2 antibodies. These antibodies either inhibited C2 and native congopain activity to a small degree, or enhanced their activity, depending on time of production after initial immunisation. Rabbits receiving C2-α₂M complexes produced moderate levels of anti-C2 antibodies and these antibodies consistently showed the best inhibition of C2 and native congopain activity of all the antibodies, with maximum inhibition of 65%. Results of this study suggest that antibodies inhibiting congopain activity could be raised in livestock with a congopain catalytic domain-α₂M complex. This approach improves the effectiveness of the antigen as an anti-disease vaccine candidate for African trypanosomosis.     

Effect of Gallus TGFβ1 on the Proliferation,Apoptosis, Migration and Invasion of MDCC-MSB1 Cells

This study aimed to detect the effect of Gallus TGFβ1 on the biological behavior of MDCC-MSB1 cells. MDCC-MSB1 cells were transiently transfected with Gallus TGFβ1 overexpression vector, interference expression vector, and the corresponding negative control. Then, the expression of Gallus TGFβ1, the cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis, the migration and invasion of each transfection groups were examined. Results showed that compared with the corresponding control, the MDCC-MSB1 cells transfected with overexpression vector of Gallus TGFβ1 could up-regulate the expression level of TGFβ1, the proliferation of MDCC-MSB1 cells was significantly inhibited, G1 phase cells were increased, S and G2 cells were decreased, the apoptosis rate of the cells was increased, the migration and invasion ability were decreased.However,the MDCC-MSB1 cells transfected with the interference expression vector of TGFβ1 significantly down-regulated the expression level of TGFβ1, cell proliferation was improved,G1 phase cells were decreased, S and G2 cells were increased, the cell apoptosis was decreased, the migration and invasion ability was increased. The results showed that Gallus TGFβ1 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDCC-MSB1 cells, and promote their apoptosis.     

Expression of α-transducin,a chemoreceptive molecule,in endocrine and non-endocrine cells of the pig gastrointestinal tract

Veterinary Research Communications -     

Reversible chemical restraint of free-range cattle with a concentrated combination of tiletamine–zolazepam,ketamine, and detomidine

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a concentrated combination of tiletamine–zolazepam [TZ, 0.53 mg/kg body weight (BW)], ketamine (Ket, 0.53 mg/kg BW), and detomidine (Det, 0.04 mg/kg BW) in the immobilization of free-range cattle for clinical procedures. The combination was administered intramuscularly to 53 animals. Anesthesia was reversed with the α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole. Locoregional anesthesia was provided with lidocaine when required. The TZKD combination induced suitable immobilization for minor surgical procedures or medical treatments. Anesthetic onset was rapid, taking a mean of 6.1 min [standard deviation (SD) 2.8 min]. The duration of anesthesia depended on the time of administration of the antagonist; the animals recovered in the standing position in 12.9 ± 8.9 min after the administration of atipamezole. The quality of anesthesia and analgesia were satisfactory. In conclusion, this TZKD combination can be used for both immobilization and minor surgical procedures in free-range cattle.     

Study on the Nutritional-ecologic Environment of Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn and Se in Yili Summer Pasture of Xinjiang (Ⅰ)

This experiment objective was to study the Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se five kinds of trace element contents, distribution characteristics and mutual relations in the soil-grass-water (stream) in Yili pastoral area of Xinjiang, to evaluate the trace elements nutritional-ecologic environment of Yili summer pasture in Xinjiang.At the altitudinal belt of 1400 to 2999 m of the summer pasture of the Karajon grassland (South slope) and Tangbula grassland (North slope) of Yili, Xinjiang, the samples of soil (n=75), herbage (n=75), stream water (n=75) were collected according to the altitude, to determine their contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se for evaluating the nutritional-ecologic environment of trace elements of Yili summer pasture.The results showed that the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn in the soil of summer pasture on average were 15 418.4, 32.6, 474.5 and 115.8 mg/kg, respectively;And 446.0, 7.8, 85.7 and 41.9 mg/kg, respectively in forage;The correlation (R²) of the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn between soil and forage were 0.43, 0.82, 0.47 and 0.72, respectively;The changes of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn contents in the soil and forage were not significantly related with the altitude.There were no the 4 elements mentioned above in river streams, there was no Se in the soil and forage, and there was infinitesimal of Se in the river streams.It was concluded that in Yili summer pasture there were excessive Fe, suitable Zn and Mn, insufficient Cu, and more insufficient Se.     

Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. from fecal samples of felines, canines and bovines in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

The objective of this study was to obtain information of epidemiological nature through genotypic characterization of Cryptosporidium isolates from dogs, cats and bovines from the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The extraction of DNA from oocysts was carried out and polymerase chain reaction was accomplished using specific primers to 18S rRNA gene. The amplicons were directed sequenced. Seven cat samples, nine dog samples and nine bovine samples were analysed. From the seven cat samples the genotypic analyses revealed Cryptosporidium felis in all. These were the first genotypic characterization of Cryptosporidium from domestic felines in Brazil. In nine sequenced samples from dogs, genotypic identities compatible with Cryptosporidium canis were revealed in all samples. The genotypic analyses in bovines revealed Cryptosporidium parvum in eight samples and Cryptosporidium bovis in another sample, the last one being a non-zoonotic species, not related to clinical symptoms and described for the first time in Brazil.