蓖麻镶嵌系与雌性系间的生理差异研究

【目的】研究蓖麻镶嵌系与雌性系间的生理差异,为蓖麻性别分化调控及其育种应用提供参考。 【方法】以相同遗传背景的蓖麻镶嵌系和蓖麻雌性系为材料,分别在现蕾期和盛花期对叶片叶绿素相对含量、 净光合速率、可溶性营养物质及内源激素进行分析。【结果】现蕾期,镶嵌系蓖麻的可溶性糖和细胞分裂素含 量显著高于雌性系,比雌性系分别高 36.9%、61.5%,赤霉素含量显著低于雌性系,为 25.6%。盛花期,蓖麻镶 嵌系叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率、赤霉素、生长素和乙烯含量比雌性系显著升高,分别为 15.2%、23.3%、 13.8%、33.5%、73.8%,可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉和脱落酸含量显著下降,分别为 38.0%、54.9%、14.8%。【结论】 蓖麻镶嵌雄花的形成先以可溶性糖和细胞分裂素增加为特征,之后伴随营养物质消耗的增加、叶绿素含量与净 光合速率的上升和赤霉素、生长素与乙烯水平的提高以及脱落酸水平的降低。     

不同活力黄瓜种子萌发期间多胺含量的变化

黄瓜种子中存在着腐胺、亚精胺和精胺三种内源多胺.高活力种子在萌发初期,精胺、亚精胺和腐胺含量逐渐增加,在12h时达到最大值、而低活力种子精胺、亚精胺和腐胺含量呈现下降.同时,腐胺与亚精胺和精胺含量之比,在高活力和低活力的种子均随着种子的萌发而逐渐下降,而精胺与亚精胺含量之比在萌发初期均呈下降的趋势,但萌发12h后,高活力种子其比值即转变为迅速的增加,而低活力种子至18h后才可见比值的缓慢增加.在种子萌发过程中,蛋白质、RNA和DNA含量的变化模式与精胺和亚精胺含量的变化极相似.本文认为,种子萌发的能力与内源多胺含量变化有关,可能取决于多胺间的相对比值.     

新铁炮百合花芽分化及发育过程中内源多胺及激素含量变化的研究

新铁炮百合花芽分化及发育的机理对于生产栽培具有重要意义,为了探索其花芽分化及发育的机理,采用高效液相色谱法对其花芽分化及发育过程中叶片和茎内的内源多胺(腐胺,精胺、亚精胺)和部分内源激素(赤霉素和脱落酸)的含量变化进行了测定.结果表明:花芽分化及发育过程中,腐胺(Put)、精胺(Spm)、亚精胺(Spd)含量均增加,以Put最为明显;叶片中Put含量在花原基分化期下降,外花被和雌蕊原基形成期含量较高,茎内Put含量除外花被原基形成期外与叶片内Put含量变化趋势相同;叶片和茎内Spd含量与Spm含量变化相似,花芽发育后期Spd含量呈逐渐上升趋势,但是雄蕊原基形成期Spm含量最高(59.94nmol·g-1FW);除雌蕊原基形成期,叶片和茎内变化赤霉素(GA3)与脱落酸(ABA)含量变化一致,雌蕊原基形成期GA3含量较高,雄蕊原基形成期ABA含量较高.可见,Put和总多胺含量的下降、相对低浓度的GA3和ABA有利于花原基分化,高水平的Put、GA3和ABA促进花芽的发育;Put、Spd和GA3含量增加有利于雌蕊原基形成,而Spm和ABA则有利于雄蕊原基的形成.     

中国石蒜花期前后鳞茎内源多胺的动态变化

应用薄层层析-荧光测定法研究了中国石蒜Lycoris chinensis花期前后鳞茎内源多胺质量摩尔浓度的动态变化,分析了内源多胺与中国石蒜花芽分化的关系。中国石蒜在不同发育期3种内源多胺存在有规律的非同步变化。腐胺和精胺2种多胺变幅较大,亚精胺变幅较小。在开花前的花原基分化期,腐胺质量摩尔浓度明显高于亚精胺和精胺,7月上旬外鳞片、中鳞片、内鳞片和茎尖中腐胺质量摩尔浓度分别为1.238,1.676,2.313,1.451 nmol.g-1,为同期精胺质量摩尔浓度的1.48,1.90,2.56,1.40倍,亚精胺的1.97,2.69,3.66和2.09倍;花期腐胺质量摩尔浓度下降,而精胺剧增,8月中旬外鳞片、中鳞片、内鳞片和茎尖中精胺分别为1.462,1.502,1.682和1.536 nmol.g-1,为同期亚精胺的1.87,1.90,2.04和1.76倍,腐胺的1.28,1.15,1.28和1.00倍。茎尖与内鳞片是鳞茎内源多胺最集中的部位。鳞茎4部分多胺质量摩尔浓度排序为茎尖>内鳞片>中鳞片>外鳞片。图4表2参12     

低温解除后辣椒叶片中多胺的动态变化

通过对耐低温性不同的2个辣椒品种(苏椒5号、苏长红)进行低温处理,研究了低温解除后辣椒叶片中多胺的动态变化情况.结果表明,低温处理后辣椒叶片中的腐胺、精胺和亚精胺含量均有显著升高,其中苏椒5号升幅较大,苏长红升幅较小;低温解除后,精胺和腐胺含量逐渐下降并接近对照水平.说明低温下精胺和腐胺含量的增加是植株对低温的一种适应性反应,亚精胺含量在低温解除后下降不明显而维持相对较高水平,表明了低温下亚精胺含量的增加是低温造成伤害的结果.     

黄瓜,番茄冷害以及黄瓜温度预处理与多胺的相关性

测定了2℃和13℃下黄瓜及4℃和16℃下番茄中的腐胺和亚精胺含量。结果表明，冷害发生前，黄瓜和番茄中的多胺含量呈上升趋势，冷害发生后，其含量呈下降趋势；温度预处理在减轻黄瓜冷害的同时，延长了腐胺含量增加的过程。     

CO2加富与外源ABA对受旱黄瓜幼苗生长及叶片内源激素含量的影响

以'津优35号'水培黄瓜幼苗为试材,在营养液中添加PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究了CO2加富与外源ABA对干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及叶片内源激素含量的影响.结果表明,CO2加富可以显著促进干旱胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的生长,增加植株的株高、茎粗、叶面积以及干鲜重,提高生长素(IAA)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、赤霉素(GA)和乙烯...     

植物内源激素与水稻穗粒数的关系研究

对水稻分蘖期不同蘖位分蘖的五大类激素含量测定结果表明:各蘖位分蘖中赤霉素(GA3)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和细胞分裂素(Z ZR)含量与每穗粒数呈正相关;生长初期增加分蘖中脱落酸含量,能促进生长素、赤霉素和细胞分裂素增加,提高分蘖的增产潜力,对蘖位优势发挥起重要作用。     

外源赤霉素诱导矮生山茶恨天高植株生长的转录组分析

对0 mg/L、800 mg/L赤霉素处理的矮生山茶恨天高叶片、茎段和茎尖进行了Illumina HiSeq高通量转录组测序,共获得476 635个Unigenes,其中181 115(38.00%)个Unigenes获得了注释;差异基因分析发现了43 624个差异基因,其中包括43 295个特异的和329个共同的差异基因;GO和KEGG富集分析结果显示,恨天高叶片增大、茎段伸长及茎尖生长与糖代谢、苯丙烷生物合成代谢相关;茎尖生长还与植物激素信号传导和二萜生物合成有关。通过赤霉素处理后恨天高叶片、茎段、茎尖转录组分析发现,茎尖组织中参与赤霉素生物合成的KAO、GA20ox、GA3ox和GA2ox基因表达量发生变化,赤霉素信号传导过程中DELLA蛋白调控以及赤霉素和生长素、细胞分裂素等其他激素间的互作促进恨天高植株生长。     

多胺与板栗花性别分化的关系

研究了板栗花性别分化期内源多胺含量变化以及外源多胺对板栗花性别分化的影响。结果表明,在板栗雄花分化期,抽生结果枝的芽内源腐胺和亚精胺含量高于抽生营养枝的芽;在板栗雌花分化期,抽生结果枝的芽和抽生营养枝的芽内源多胺含量变化基本一致,内源腐胺含量在萌芽前降至最低后到萌芽时升至较高水平,内源亚精胺和精胺含量在萌芽前均略有上升,到萌芽时迅速升至较高水平;在雄花分化期和雌花分化期,抽生结果枝的芽均以亚精胺含量变化幅度最大,腐胺次之,精胺最小。板栗雌花分化期施用外源多胺,外源腐胺对花芽分化(尤其是雌花分化)有显著抑制作用,亚精胺对雌花分化有促进作用。     

勒杜鹃花芽分化过程中内源激素含量和碳氮营养的变化研究

以勒杜鹃（Bougaivillea glabra）为材料,研究成花过程中叶片内源激素含量和碳氮营养的变化,为勒杜鹃花期调控提供理论依据。结果表明：勒杜鹃花芽分化前期L姐和GA3含量降低,ABA、ZT含量的升高;花芽分化中期GA3、ABA含量继续上升,ZT略有下降;花芽分化末期,ZT／IAA、ABA／IAA、ZT／GA3、ABA／GA3比值均呈现不同程度的上升,在初花期时ZT/IAA、ZT／GA3呈现下降趋势。勒杜鹃花芽分化过程中可溶性糖含量先升后降,总氮含量持续下降。     

Study on Variation of Endogenous Hormonesat the Germinating Stage of Tea Spring Shoot

An HPLC method was used to analyze the contents and variation of IAA, GA3, ABA and ZT at five stages around the tea shoot germinating in spring. The contents of GA3 and ABA had a top value during the winter and decreased with the growth of tea shoots, while the contents of IAA and ZT had a low value during the winter and increased quickly at the beginning of shoot growth, but soon afterwards increased slowly or decreesed a little. The ratio of hormones was closely related to the growth of tea plant. The study indicated that the ratlos of GA3 to ABA and IAA to ABA were at low values during the winter and went up with the shoot germinating. When the activity of roots was weak, the ratio of ZT to IAA had a top value, but went down gradually with lmmriant activity of roots. The ratio d GA3 to ZT had a certain relativity with the shoot germinating, which was at a top value during the winter but went down suddenly at the begin-ning of shoot gerrminating.     

板栗雄花芽临界分化期内源激素含量变化

[目的]研究鄂栗1号板栗(Castanea mollissima Bl.E-Chestnut Number One)雄花芽临界分化期内雄花芽和叶芽中内源激素含量的变化。[方法]以6年生鄂栗1号板栗为试材,在雄花芽临界分化期内测定雄花芽和同期叶芽中5种内源激素(ZT、ABA、IAA、GA3和Eth)的含量变化。[结果]板栗雄花芽临界分化期内,雄花芽中ZT和GA3含量低于同期叶芽,而IAA、ABA和Eth含量高于同期叶芽。[结论]该研究可为了解板栗雄花芽分化的生理基础,探索控制雄花芽分化、促进雌花分化的方法提供指导,同时为板栗开花授粉、提高产量、化学调控及合理的施肥措施提供理论依据。     

Grafting Increases the Copper Tolerance of Cucumber Seedlings by Improvement of Polyamine Contents and Enhancement of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity

The aim of the study is to determine whether grafting could improve antioxidant enzyme activities and polyamine contents in leaves of cucumber plants（Cucumis sativus L.cv.Xintaimici） under copper stress.Grafted（using Cucurbita ficifolia as rootstock） and ungrafted cucumber seedlings were cultured in deep flow technique（DFT） with the Cu2＋ concentration of 40 μmol L-1.The results showed that on the 9th day of copper stress treatment,the contents of malondialdehyde（MDA） and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）,superoxide radical（） producing rate,and electrolyte leakage percentage were significantly lower in grafted seedlings in comparison to those of the ungrafted seedlings,whereas the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase（SOD,EC 1.15.1.1）,peroxidase（POD,EC 1.11.1.7）,ascorbate peroxidase（APX,EC 1.11.1.11）,catalase（CAT,EC 1.11.1.6）,glutathione reductase（GR,EC 1.6.4.2）,and monodehydroascorbate reductase（MDHAR,EC 1.6.5.4） of grafted seedlings were also significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings,and the contents of free proline and soluble protein of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than that of ungrafted seedlings.Cu2＋ treatment increased the putrescine（Put） level and lowered the spermidine（Spd） and spermine（Spm） levels,thereby reducing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves of grafted and ungrafted seedlings.Grafting markedly reversed these Cu-induced effects for all three PAs and partially restored the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio in leaves.These results suggest that grafting can enhance the tolerance of cucumber seedlings to Cu2＋ stress by increasing the activities of antioxidants and the levels of endogenous Spd and Spm,decreasing the Put/（Spd ＋ Spm） ratio and the levels of ROS,promoting free proline and soluble protein synthesis in cucumber seedling leaves.     

内源激素的动态变化研究

在对两个辣椒品种进行低温处理的基础上,研究了低温结束后生长恢复期辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化情况。结果表明,低温使辣椒叶片中腐胺、精胺和亚精胺的含量有不同程度增加,使GA₃和IAA的含量降低和ABA含量增加；随着低温条件的解除,腐胺含量和ABA含量迅速下降至对照水平,表明腐胺和ABA含量的变化是植株自身对低温的一种应激反应,而精胺和IAA含量在低温解除一段时间后不能恢复至对照水平,推测精胺和IAA含量的变化是可能植株对低温的一种适应性反应。     

内源激素的动态变化研究

在对两个辣椒品种进行低温处理的基础上,研究了低温结束后生长恢复期辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化情况。结果表明,低温使辣椒叶片中腐胺、精胺和亚精胺的含量有不同程度增加,使GA₃和IAA的含量降低和ABA含量增加;随着低温条件的解除,腐胺含量和ABA含量迅速下降至对照水平,表明腐胺和ABA含量的变化是植株自身对低温的一种应激反应,而精胺和IAA含量在低温解除一段时间后不能恢复至对照水平,推测精胺和IAA含量的变化是可能植株对低温的一种适应性反应。     

内源激素的动态变化研究

在对两个辣椒品种进行低温处理的基础上,研究了低温结束后生长恢复期辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化情况。结果表明,低温使辣椒叶片中腐胺、精胺和亚精胺的含量有不同程度增加,使GA₃和IAA的含量降低和ABA含量增加;随着低温条件的解除,腐胺含量和ABA含量迅速下降至对照水平,表明腐胺和ABA含量的变化是植株自身对低温的一种应激反应,而精胺和IAA含量在低温解除一段时间后不能恢复至对照水平,推测精胺和IAA含量的变化是可能植株对低温的一种适应性反应。     

低温解除后辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化研究

在对两个辣椒品种进行低温处理的基础上,研究了低温结束后生长恢复期辣椒叶片中多胺和内源激素的动态变化情况。结果表明,低温使辣椒叶片中腐胺、精胺和亚精胺的含量有不同程度增加,使GA₃和IAA的含量降低和ABA含量增加;随着低温条件的解除,腐胺含量和ABA含量迅速下降至对照水平,表明腐胺和ABA含量的变化是植株自身对低温的一种应激反应,而精胺和IAA含量在低温解除一段时间后不能恢复至对照水平,推测精胺和IAA含量的变化是可能植株对低温的一种适应性反应。     

Effect of polyamine on seed germination of wheat under drought stress is related to changes in hormones and carbohydrates

Drought is a multifaceted stress condition that inhibits crop growth. Seed germination is one of the critical and sensitive stages of plants, and its process is inhibited or even entirely prevented by drought. Polyamines(PAs) are closely associated with plant resistance to drought stress and seed germination. However, little is known about the effect of PA on the seed germination of wheat under drought stress. This study investigated the involvement of PAs in regulating wheat seed germination under drought stress. Six wheat genotypes differing in drought resistance were used, and endogenous PA levels were measured during seed germination under different water treatments. In addition, external PA was used for seed soaking and the variation of hormones, total soluble sugar and starch were measured during the seed germination under different water treatments. These results indicated that the free spermidine(Spd) accumulation in seeds during the seed germination period favored wheat seed germination under drought stress; however, the free putrescine(Put) accumulation in seeds during the seed germination period may work against wheat seed germination under drought stress. In addition, seed soaking in Spd and spermine(Spm) significantly relieved the inhibition of seed germination by drought stress; however, soaking seeds in Put had no significant effect on seed germination under drought. External Spd and Spm significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), zeatin(Z)+zeatin riboside(ZR), abscisic acid(ABA), and gibberellins(GA) contents in seeds and accelerated the seed starch degradation and increased the concentration of soluble sugars in seeds during seed germination. This may promote wheat seed germination under drought stress. In conclusion, free Spd and Put are key factors for regulating wheat seed germination under drought stress and the effects of Spd and Put on seed germination under drought notably related to hormones and starch metabolism.