101份中国甘蔗主要育种亲本褐锈病抗性鉴定及Bru1基因的分子检测

由黑顶柄锈菌引起的甘蔗褐锈病是一种重要的世界性甘蔗病害,Bru1是甘蔗抗褐锈病主效基因,该基因对不同地区的褐锈病分离物具有广谱抗性。为明确中国甘蔗主要育种亲本对黑顶柄锈菌的抗性水平,了解Bru1基因在这些亲本中的分布情况,本研究于2014年对中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的101份甘蔗主要育种亲本进行苗期抗褐锈病鉴定和抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测。结果显示,供试亲本中,共48份抗病材料含有抗褐锈病基因Bru1,频率为47.5%,表明中国甘蔗主要育种亲本中褐锈病抗性主要由Bru1控制;其余29份抗病材料和24份感病材料均不含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,暗示除了Bru1外,可能还有其他抗褐锈病基因存在。研究结果为深入开展甘蔗抗褐锈病育种,选育和推广优良抗病品种,有效防控甘蔗褐锈病提供了科学依据和优良抗性亲本。     

Frequency and distribution of the brown rust resistance gene Bru1 and implications for the Louisiana sugarcane breeding programme

Brown rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia melanocephala, poses an increasing threat to sugarcane industries worldwide. Recently, markers R12H16 and 9020‐F4 were developed for a major resistance gene Bru1 that contributes to a significant proportion of brown rust resistance in multiple sugarcane industries. Marker‐assisted screening of Louisiana sugarcane germplasm showed a low frequency (4.3%, five out of 117 clones) of Bru1 among sugarcane cultivars and elite breeding clones. Likewise, among progeny of crosses involving wild/exotic germplasm, only 14 of 208 clones (6.7%) tested Bru1 positive. However, Bru1 frequency was higher (28.7%, 52 of 181 clones) in wild/exotic germplasm, which indicated that diverse genetic resources are available for Bru1 introgression. Commercial Bru1‐positive cultivar, ‘L 01‐299', was resistant to brown rust. However, Bru1‐positive cultivar, ‘L 10‐146’, was susceptible while Bru1‐negative cultivars, such as ‘L 99‐233’, showed resistance to brown rust. Bru1‐negative clones with brown rust resistance offer an opportunity to identify alternate sources of resistance, which can be pyramided with Bru1 for effective and durable resistance in sugarcane against the changing pathogen.     

甘蔗(Saccharum species hybrid)种质资源褐锈病和黄锈病抗性位点分子检测

开展种质资源抗锈病分子检测,对甘蔗筛选抗性资源和抗锈病育种具有重要意义。本研究利用已报道的褐锈病抗性位点Bru1和黄锈病抗性位点G1对中国甘蔗育种中的亲本资源和创新材料进行分析。在164份材料中共检测到‘粤糖07-913’、‘桂糖02-281’、‘赣南05-352’等23份带有Bru1抗性标记的材料,占参试材料的14%。在180份材料中共检测到‘粤糖96-86’、‘桂糖03-8’、‘赣南81-1035’等10份带有黄锈病抗性位点G1的材料,占参试材料的5.56%。‘粤糖96-86’、‘ROC16’、‘ROC22’等6份材料同时带有Bru1和G1位点,可能兼具褐锈病和黄锈病两种抗性。本研究结果可为选择优异抗锈病基因资源,开展杂交育种提供科学依据。     

Bru1 gene and potential alternative sources of resistance to sugarcane brown rust disease

Brown rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia melanocephala, is responsible for important yield losses in sugarcane production globally and it is therefore an important objective to introduce resistance to this disease in breeding programs. A major gene, Bru1, has been shown to confer resistance to P. melanocephala strains from different parts of the world and two molecular markers, R12H16 and 9O20-F4, closely associated to this gene have been previously reported. The usefulness of these molecular diagnostic markers in order to predict a rust resistant phenotype under natural high pressure inoculums conditions was analyzed. A total of 129 sugarcane accessions were evaluated under field infection for resistance or susceptibility to brown rust and subsequently screened for presence or absence of the two Bru1 diagnostic markers. A total of 49 genotypes (38 %) were phenotyped as resistant to brown rust but only eight (16.3 %) of them were harboring the Bru1 gene. To determine overall frequency of the Bru1 in the local sugarcane germplasm collection, 190 additional genotypes were examined. Presence of Bru1, as determined by the diagnostic markers, was detected in only 7 % of the genotypes evaluated. In conclusion, Bru1 diagnostic markers enable positive selection for brown rust resistance in sugarcane and moreover allowed detecting at least one additional source(s) of resistance. Interestingly, whilst only little genetic variability of rust resistance independent of Bru1 has been reported previously, this alternative genetic resource(s) found in our local germplasm constitutes the predominant one and should be helpful in order to amplify the narrow genetic basis for brown rust resistance in sugarcane.     

31份甘蔗野生核心种质资源褐锈病抗性鉴定及Bru1基因的分子检测

为明确甘蔗野生资源对黑顶柄锈菌的抗性水平,了解Bru1基因在甘蔗野生资源中的分布状况,于2013年对中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的31份野生核心种质资源进行苗期抗褐锈病鉴定和抗褐锈病基因Bru1的分子检测。结果表明,31份供试材料中,高抗(1级)至中抗(3级)的有28份,占90.3%。其中19份材料表现高抗(1级),占61.3%,3份材料表现抗病(2级),占9.7%,6份材料表现中抗(3级),占19.4%。31份供试材料中只有贵州78-2-12、云南97-4、E.rockii95-19、E.rockii 95-20、云南83-224、广西79-8、云南95-35和广西89-13含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,占参试材料的25.8%;其余20份抗病材料和3份感病材料均不含抗褐锈病基因Bru1,表明除Bru1外,可能还有其他抗褐锈病基因存在。结果暗示中国国家甘蔗种质资源圃保存的野生核心种质资源中蕴藏着优良的抗褐锈病基因,是选育抗褐锈病甘蔗品种很有利用前景的抗源种质。     

Identification of resistance to rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) in Portuguese common bean germplasm

Portugal has a diverse common bean germplasm, which is still grown in farmers' fields. In this work, we searched for resistance to rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) in a representative collection of the Portuguese common bean germplasm. Despite many accessions depicting intermediate levels of resistance when compared to the susceptible check, 24 and 13 accessions showed low levels of infection, in spite of a compatible interaction (disease severity (DS) values lower than 5% and infection type (IT) of 4), to rust and powdery mildew, respectively, indicative of partial resistance. Moreover, a resistant reaction was observed in 11 accessions when inoculated with powdery mildew (IT = 0–1) and in additional 11 accessions (one in common) when inoculated with rust (IT = 0–2). The levels of resistance found in this report anticipate great potential of the Portuguese national germplasm, recently reported as genetically closer to the Andean common bean gene pool, for disease resistance breeding of this important crop.     

Exploring genetic diversity of rice cultivars for the presence of brown planthopper (BPH) resistance genes and development of SNP marker for Bph18

Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most devastating insect pest in rice‐growing areas. Information on availability of BPH resistance alleles and their sources enhances BPH‐resistant breeding programmes. In this study, 260 highly diversified rice cultivars or breeding lines were screened for the presence of five major BPH resistance genes (Bph10, Bph13, Bph18, Bph20 and Bph21) using gene‐specific markers. The analysis revealed that 137 of the 260 cultivars possess at least one BPH resistance gene. Bph10 was predominant while Bph20 was the least distributed. Moreover, two and three different resistance gene combinations were found in the cultivars. Molecular markers play an important role in molecular breeding programmes. A tightly linked PCR‐based co‐dominant Bph18 marker was developed, which is cost effective and time effective and simpler than available Bph18 CAPS marker (7312.T4A). We strongly believe that the identified BPH‐resistant cultivars can be used as alternative resistance gene sources and also as resource for novel BPH resistance genes. The developed Bph18 marker will be highly useful in molecular breeding applications of BPH‐resistant breeding programmes.     

甘蔗新品种及主栽品种对褐锈病抗性与Bru1基因分子检测

为明确近年我国各甘蔗育种单位育成的新品种及各蔗区主栽品种对甘蔗褐锈病的抗性,筛选抗褐锈病优良新品种供生产上推广应用,本研究结合全国甘蔗新品种联合区域试验,选择甘蔗褐锈病高发的云南临沧、云南普洱、云南玉溪和广西宜州蔗区,在田间自然发病下,对我国近年来选育的60个新品种和34个主栽品种进行抗性评价,并对抗褐锈病基因Bru1进行分子检测。结果表明,94个新品种及主栽品种中,66个表现高抗到中抗,占70.21%;28个表现为感病到高感,占29.79%。分子检测结果显示,共54个抗病新品种及主栽品种含有抗褐锈病基因Bru1,频率为57.45%。目前大面积种植的桂糖29号、桂糖44号、德蔗03-83、柳城03-1137、粤糖60号、桂糖46号等主栽品种高度感病,而粤甘48号、福农09-2201、桂糖08-120、柳城09-15、中蔗1号、云蔗08-1609、云瑞10-187、中糖1201等31个新品种抗病性强。建议多雨湿润褐锈病高发蔗区,应加大淘汰感病主栽品种和推广应用抗病新品种力度,以期达到品种合理布局,从根本上控制褐锈病暴发流行,为甘蔗产业高质量发展提供安全保障。     

Molecular insights into brown rust resistance and potential epidemic based on the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bru</Emphasis>1 gene in sugarcane varieties and new elite clones

In most sugarcane cultivation areas, sugarcane brown rust (SBR), caused by Puccinia melanocephala, is an economically important fungal disease that leads to severe yield loss in susceptible cultivars. Bru1, which is the major dominant SBR resistance gene, has been widely used in the prediction of brown rust resistance in sugarcane. In this study, three panels of sugarcane germplasms, the major varieties approved over the past 10 years and new elite clones in the current national regional trial, together with one panel of Saccharum spontaneum, were employed in estimating the possibility of SBR epidemic and to assess the efficiency of 9O20-F4-HaeIII in eliminating false positives. Among the current top five varieties used as sucrose feedstock, accounting for more than 68.9% of the total cultivated area, all were highly resistant to SBR, although only three harboring Bru1. Two major varieties Yuetang60 and Guitang46 without harboring Bru1 were highly susceptible to SBR, together with highly susceptible Funong41, which need prudent promotion. Approximately 60.5% of the 38 new elite clones were Bru1 positive. Considering the susceptibility of Liucheng03-1137, which exhibits a strong promotion momentum, together with Funong41, Guitang46, Yuetang60, and Yunzhe06-47, four were favored by the enterprise due to their superior sucrose content and good stalk yield, despite their high susceptibility to SBR, and additional Yuetang93-159, one current top five varieties with declining resistance, which results in a potential risk for brown rust epidemic. Furthermore, low frequency of the wild germplasm of S. spontaneum from five different countries was Bru1 positive. In addition, a perfect molecular diagnostic result was observed in all modern sugarcane clones using two dominant markers, and HaeIII can prevent the occurrence of false positive results when the 9O20-F4 PCR products of S. spontaneum are digested by RsaI. The prevalent chewing cane Badila without Bru1 is highly resistant to SBR. Our results provide valuable information for the extension of sugarcane varieties and a batch of novel SBR resistance sources with superior comprehensive characters for crossbreeding, and for SBR-resistant gene pyramiding by crossing or through mining and using of new SBR-resistant genes.     

Rapid survey for presence of a blast resistance gene Pi-ta in rice cultivars using the dominant DNA markers derived from portions of the Pi-ta gene

The Pi‐ta gene in rice confers resistance to strains of the blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Borr. (anamorph Pyricularia oryza Cav.) containing the corresponding avirulence gene AVR‐Pita in a gene‐for‐gene fashion. The Pi‐ta gene is a typical nucleotide‐binding site type resistance gene. Nucleotide sequences distinguishing the resistant Pi‐ta and susceptible pi‐ta alleles were previously identified and used for developing DNA markers for a resistant Pi‐ta haplotype and three susceptible pi‐ta haplotypes. In the present study, the existence of the Pi‐ta gene in 141 rice germplasm accessions was rapidly determined using these markers, and the results were confirmed by inoculating rice germplasm with an M. grisea strain containing AVR‐Pita. The Pi‐ta gene was found in accessions from several major rice producing countries, including China, Colombia, Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Iran and the United States. The usefulness of DNA markers for rapid determination of the genotype of rice germplasm was thus demonstrated. The Pi‐ta gene also was found in rice cultivar known to contain the Pi‐ta² gene, although the allelic relationship of these genes remains to be determined. The presence of the Pi‐ta gene in landrace cultivars in several different geographical locations, the Philippines and Vietnam, other indica rice cultivars in China and Colombia suggest that the Pi‐ta gene may have spontaneously originated in indica rice cultivars. These results are useful for incorporating the Pi‐ta gene into advanced breeding lines by marker‐assisted selection for rice breeding programmes worldwide.     

Unveilingsources of stripe rust resistance in diverse wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum Aestivum</Emphasis> L.) germplasm using narrow down methodology: a proof of concept

Stripe rust of wheat caused by the fungal pathogen is a destructive foliar disease of wheat. Thus, it is crucial step to characterize the resistant germplasm for stripe rust in a diverse germplasm pool for their ultimate utilization in efficient crop rust resistance breeding. In the present study, we followed two pronged strategies involving integrated phenotypic and molecular characterization of 440 diverse wheat germplasm lines for rust resistance. The germplasm panel was extensively evaluated in field epiphytotic conditions during two consecutive years. After rigorous screening, 72 accessions were successfully revealed as resistant to moderately resistant to stripe rust. Subsequently, entries were then evaluated for their field agronomicperformances, considering prerequisites for serving as a donor germplasm,particularly for yield and 33 potential rust-resistant accessions were identified. Furthermore, to detect the sources of resistance, accessions were molecular characterized for potential race-specific resistance genes Yr5, Yr10,Yr15, and effective adult plant resistance (APR) gene Lr34/Yr18/pm38. We identified the 22 accessions possessing one or more single resistance genes and two accessions were observed with at least three of them. Moreover, Lr34/Yr18/pm38 was determined to confer resistance when observed along with any of the race-specific genes. Thus, the study not only provides proof of concept methodology to identify candidate resistant sources from large germplasm collections but simultaneouslyconfirmed the contribution of combining race-specific andnon-specific APR genes. The finding could further assist in the potential deployment of resistant genes directly into the stripe rust breeding program by involving marker-assisted approaches.     

甘蔗抗褐锈病新基因抗感病池构建及SSR多态性引物筛选

由黑顶柄锈菌(Puccinia melanocephala H. Sydow ＆ P. Sydow)引起的甘蔗褐锈病是危害中国甘蔗生产的主要病害之一。为了鉴定和发掘抗褐锈病新基因,防止褐锈病爆发流行和保证甘蔗安全生产,本研究以杂交组合‘粤糖03-393’× ‘ROC 24’抗感分离真实性F₁代群体为材料,构建抗感基因池,合成449对引物对抗感亲本及抗感基因池进行抗、感连锁SSR分子标记筛选。结果表明,25对引物在抗感亲本间有多态性,其中4对引物(SMC236CG、SCESSR0928、SCESSR0636、SCESSR2551)在抗感亲本及抗感池间有多态性,初步判定这4个SSR标记在染色体上的位点可能与抗褐锈病新基因存在连锁关系。研究结果为后续开展抗褐锈病新基因定位、为中国甘蔗褐锈病防控及抗病育种奠定了良好的基础。     

The Híbrido de Timor germplasm: identification of molecular diversity and resistance sources to coffee berry disease and leaf rust

The main phytosanitary problems affecting global coffee production are the fungal diseases known as rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome, and coffee berry disease (CBD), induced by Colletotrichum kahawae Waller and Bridge. The main disease control strategy is the use of resistant coffee cultivars. Híbrido de Timor is the most important source of resistant varieties used in breeding programs worldwide. The objective of this work was to characterize the diversity and disease resistance of 152 HdT genotypes from the germplasm collection at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV). Accessions were phenotyped with H. vastatrix races II and XXXIII. Molecular analysis was carried out with 29 random microsatellite markers or single sequence repeats (SSRs), and two SSRs associated with the CBD resistance gene Ck-1. All accessions in the germplasm collection were resistant to H. vastatrix race II, and 141 were resistant to H. vastatrix race XXXIII. Based on the presence of markers, there were 106 accessions containing the CBD resistance gene Ck-1. In the diversity study, the 152 accessions clustered into 21 different groups. A unique molecular profile (fingerprint) was determined for each individual, using 52 alleles from 22 SSR markers. The HdT germplasm of UFV was highly diverse, and included 99 accessions with multiple disease resistance genes, including the CBD resistance gene Ck-1, and others conferring resistance to H. vastatrix races II and XXXIII.     

Molecular markers for late blight resistance breeding of potato: an update

Late blight is the most devastating disease of the potato crop that can be effectively managed by growing resistant cultivars. Introgression of resistance (R) genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from the Solanum germplasm into common potato is one of the plausible approaches to breed resistant cultivars. Although the conventional method of breeding will continue to play a primary role in potato improvement, molecular marker technology is becoming one of its integral components. To achieve rapid success, from the past to recent years, several R genes/QTLs that originated from wild/cultivated Solanum species were mapped on the potato genome and a few genes were cloned using molecular approaches. As a result, molecular markers closely linked to resistance genes or QTLs offer a quicker potato breeding option through marker‐assisted selection (MAS). However, limited progress has been achieved so far through MAS in potato breeding. In near future, new resistance genes/QTLs are expected to be discovered from wild Solanum gene pools and linked molecular markers would be available for MAS. This article presents an update on the development of molecular markers linked to late blight resistance genes or QTLs by utilization of Solanum species for MAS in potato.     

Validation of molecular markers for pathogen resistance in potato

DNA markers have a large potential to improve efficiency and precision of conventional plant breeding programmes based on marker‐assisted selection (MAS). In our study, we have evaluated the predictive abilities of the SCAR marker RYSC3 and the CAPS marker GP122₅₆₄ with regard to the PVY resistance genes Ry_adg and Ry_sto, respectively, and of marker TG689 linked to H1 conferring resistance to Globodera rostochiensis and marker HC associated with high levels of G. pallida resistance. The evaluations were made in 28 cultivars and accessions and in 219 progeny genotypes descending from ten different crosses. We observed in all evaluated cultivars and accessions the expected marker patterns according to their phenotypic classification into resistant and susceptible genotypes. However, in part considerable discrepancies were observed when analysing progeny of controlled crosses involving these resistance sources, particularly with respect to H1. Based on these results, practical aspects for the efficient implementation of marker‐assisted selection are discussed, which consider the genetic origin of the material, costs aspects and methodology applied.     

Isolation of two microsatellite markers from BAC clones of the Vf scab resistance region and molecular characterization of scab‐resistant accessions in Malus germplasm*

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based method was developed to isolate microsatellite markers from large‐insert genomic DNA clones of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries. The method is fast and economic since it does not require subcloning. It was applied to isolate a microsatellite marker from a BAC clone of the chromosomal region containing the apple scab resistance gene Vf. The Vf gene of Malus floribunda 821 is the most widely used source of scab resistance in apple breeding. A second microsatellite was found on the extremity of a BAC clone flanking the Vf locus. The two microsatellites allowed the identification of the presence of the Vf gene in the scab‐resistant accessions M. micromalus SA573‐3, ‘Golden Gem’, M. prunifolia 19651 and MA 16 not previously known to carry this gene. They were also used to verify the correctness of the published genealogical tree of the Vf cultivar ‘Florina’, in which a probable mistake was identified. This analysis shows the importance of genotyping the Vf locus when choosing scab‐resistant germplasm as parents in breeding programmes.     

甘蔗新品种及主栽品种对褐锈病抗性与Bru1基因分子检测

The aim of this study was to assess brown rust resistance of new sugarcane varieties bred in China and main cultivated varieties in sugarcane planting area, and screen the elite new brown rust resistant varieties for popularization and application in production. In total, 60 new varieties in the national regional test of new sugarcane varieties were tested in Kaiyuan and Lincang, and 34 main cultivated varieties were studied in Lincang, Puer, and Yuxi, Yunnan province, and Yizhou, Guangxi province, China, where the incidence of brown rust was particularly high. The resistance of these sugarcane varieties to brown rust was investigated under natural inoculation and molecular marker-assisted identification was used to detect the brown rust resistance gene Bru1. The results of field survey showed that 66 (70.21%) of the 94 new and main cultivated varieties were highly resistant to moderately resistant, and 28 (29.79%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. Molecular detection indicated that Bru1 gene was found among 54 (57.45%) of the 94 new and main cultivated varieties. Some main cultivated varieties that were currently planted across large areas such as Guitang 29, Guitang 44, Dezhe 03-83, Liucheng 03-1137, Yuetang 60, and Guitang 46 were highly susceptible to brown rust, and 31 new varieties such as Yuegan 48, Funong 09-2201, Guitang 08-120, Liucheng 09-15, Zhongzhe 1, Yunzhe 08-1609, Yunrui 10-187, and Zhongtang 1201 were resistant. Therefore, in the sugarcane planting areas with high incidence of brown rust and wet and rainy climates, more effort should be eliminated the main susceptible varieties and promoted the application of new resistant varieties. This will help to achieve a reasonable distribution of varieties, fundamentally control the outbreak of disease in sugarcane planting areas, and provide security for the high-quality development of sugarcane industry in China in the future.     

Verification of the introgression of Erianthus arundinaceus germplasm into sugarcane using molecular markers

Erianthus arundinaceus has a number of important agronomic traits including good ratooning ability, tolerance to both drought and water logging, disease resistance and vigour and is of interest as a potential source of parental germplasm to sugarcane breeders. However, to date, attempts to produce fertile hybrids between sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and E. arundinaceus have been unsuccessful. Microsatellite markers that generated genus‐specific markers and were highly polymorphic within sugarcane were identified. The microsatellite markers and 5S rDNA PCR were used to screen intergeneric (F1) clones from Saccharum officinarum×E. arundinaceus crosses, and two Saccharum backcross progeny (BC1) populations derived from crosses between selected F1 clones and sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), to identify genuine Saccharum spp. BC1 progeny. The 5S rDNA PCR marker and highly polymorphic microsatellites with Erianthus‐specific bands confirmed the F1 parent of the two putative BC1 populations was a S. officinarum×E. arundinaceus hybrid and allowed the identification of the genuine BC1 progeny from selfs of the F1 parent. This is the first verification of BC1 progeny from an F1 intergeneric hybrid x sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) clone with molecular markers and confirms the introgression of E. arundinaceus germplasm into sugarcane. It should now be possible to exploit genes of value from E. arundinaceus in sugarcane breeding programmes.     

Postulation of leaf-rust resistance genes in Czech and Slovak barley cultivars and breeding lines

Leaf‐rust resistance (Rph) genes in 61 Czech and Slovak barley cultivars and 32 breeding lines from registration trials of the Czech Republic were postulated based on their reaction to 12 isolates of Puccinia hordei with different combinations of virulence genes. Five known Rph genes (Rph2, Rph3, Rph4, Rph7, and Rph12) and one unknown Rph gene were postulated to be present in this germplasm. To corroborate this result, the pedigree of the barley accessions was analysed. Gene Rph2, as well as Rph4, originated from old European cultivars. The donor of Rph3, which has been mainly used by Czech and Slovak breeders, is ‘Ribari’ (‘Baladi 16’). Rph12 originates from barley cultivars developed in the former East Germany. Rph7 in the registered cultivar ‘Heris’ originates from ‘Forrajera’. A combination of two genes was found in 10 cultivars. Nine heterogeneous cultivars were identified; they were composed of one component with an identified Rph gene and a second component without any resistance gene. No gene for leaf rust resistance was found in 17 of the accessions tested. This study demonstrates the utility of using selected pathotypes of P. hordei for postulating Rph genes in barley.     

56个小麦品种（系）的苗期和成株抗叶锈鉴定

为了研究中国小麦品种中所携带的抗叶锈基因,对56个小麦品种（系）进行苗期接种推导其中所含有的抗叶锈基因,同时连续2年对供试材料进行田间成株抗叶锈鉴定。通过苗期基因推导结合分子标记辅助检测,结果表明,在36个小麦品种中共鉴定出Lr26、Lr34、Lr1、Lr2a、Lr11、Lr20、Lr30、Lr33和Lr44等9个抗叶锈基因,其中28个品种含有Lr26,Lr1和Lr20分别存在于6个品种中,4个品种含有Lr30,Lr11和Lr44各存在于2个品种中,Lr2a、Lr33和Lr34各自在1个品种中出现。经过2年的田间抗叶锈鉴定共筛选出46个慢锈品种。筛选到的这些苗期和成株抗病品种均可用于小麦持久抗叶锈品种的培育。