油菜联合收获机拨禾轮的入禾轨迹分析与试验

为了减少油菜联合收获机田间作业时的割台损失,对割台拨禾轮的入禾轨迹进行了分析与试验。根据油菜的多分枝"树状"特性,将拨禾轮的入禾过程划分为低效拨禾阶段和高效拨禾阶段,并确定了拨禾轮的入禾点位置及弹齿的入禾方式。弹齿在入禾过程中,采用斜插入禾模式有助于减少割台损失。对拨禾轮转速、拨禾轮水平位置、拨禾轮垂直位置3个影响因素进行单因素和多因素田间试验,对比弹齿竖插入禾和弹齿斜插入禾两种模式的割台损失率情况。结果表明:弹齿斜插入禾模式下的割台损失率更低;各因素对割台损失率的影响的显著水平顺序为拨禾轮转速拨禾轮垂直位置拨禾轮水平位置;弹齿斜插入禾模式下拨禾轮的最优参数组合为拨禾轮转速18r/min、拨禾轮水平位置500mm、拨禾轮垂直位置1 200mm。研究结果为减少油菜割台拨禾损失提供了参考。     

如何给玉米收获机做体检

一、拨禾轮的检修。应首先检查每根弹齿轴是否弯曲变形,弹齿是否有丢失或损坏,若有应调整和补上。拨禾轮检修的内容主要包括:(一)检查拨禾轮的高低位置。将拨禾轮放到最低位置,弹齿不应碰到切割器和割台搅龙。(二)检查拨禾轮的前后位置。拨禾轮弹齿与割台搅龙旋转叶片之间应有适当间隙,在不相碰的前提下,应力求其轴位于割刀的正上方或稍向前方。(三)拨禾轮转速的调整。收获玉米时,拨禾轮     

浅谈全喂入联合收割机的调试

正联合收割机作业之前,必须根据作物状况对机器的作业性能进行调试。1拨禾轮调整拨禾轮的位置须根据作物的高低程度进行调整,如调整位置不正确,会给收获造成损失或做无用功。1.1拨禾轮高低的调整在收割作物时,拨禾轮的弹齿或压板作用在被割作物高度2/3处,这样已割作物不至于被拨禾轮扬起,抛在割台或缠绕在拨禾轮上。当收割高秆作物时,拨禾轮的位置应高些;收割低矮作物时,拨禾轮的位置应低些,但不能使拨禾轮碰到割刀或割台搅     

4L—Ⅰ型小麦联合收获机常见故障与排除

一、割台部分 1.拨禾轮甩草:(1)拨禾轮太低,调整拨禾轮,使弹齿转至最低位置时能正好作用在小麦被切割点以上三分之二处。收获倒伏小麦时拨禾轮可适当调低一些;(2)拨齿向后倾斜太大,拨齿挂草,应适当调整拨齿角度。 2.割刀阻塞:(1)遇到木棍、石块等障碍物,应     

谷物联合收割机常用调整方法与保养

<正>一、谷物联合收割机常用调整方法1.拨禾轮的调整。(1)拨禾轮高低的调整。在收割直立作物时,拨禾轮的弹齿或压板应作用在被割作物高度的2/3处为宜。当收割高秆作物时,拨禾轮的位置应高些;收割低矮作物时,拨禾轮的位置应低些,但不能使拨禾轮碰到割刀或割台搅龙。     

收割机割台故障现象及原因分析

中、小型水稻联合收割机在收割季节会出现不同程度的质量问题 ,若厂家售后服务不及时 ,不仅影响抢收时间 ,而且还影响经济效益。因此 ,作为一名机手 ,不但要熟练掌握驾机技能 ,还应具备判断、分析收割机故障的能力 ,在厂家派人来处理故障前 ,自己能排除故障 ,就能赢得稻收时间 ,取得好的经济效益。割台作为收割机的首要部分 ,由拨禾轮、分禾器、割台搅龙、切割器、护刃器、伸缩齿等部件组成。实践表明 ,割台故障主要有下述６种。(１)如果拨禾轮甩草。则可能是由于拨禾轮太低 ,或拨禾弹齿角度调整不当 ,或拨禾弹齿松动。这时应将拨禾轮调高 ,…     

麻黄草收割机拨禾装置的理论分析及结构设计

由于麻黄草的草茎丛生,且呈散射状生长,因而,根据其生长特点,收割时采用偏心式拨禾轮。为此,针对麻黄草收割机的拨禾装置进行理论分析;并对拨禾轮的直径、转速及安装高度等参数进行设计计算;做出了拨禾轮的运动轨迹曲线(余摆线);结构上将弹齿设计成末端为八字形,每组弹齿二根。     

苜蓿压扁收割机拨禾轮设计

对苜蓿收割机拨禾轮的机构技术参数分析,相关参数选择以及运动轨迹优化,从而保证拨禾轮的运行稳定。拨禾轮的良好运行对割台减少收获牧草的损失具有重要作用。      

E218型大豆挠性收割台弹齿轴断裂原因

E218型大豆挠性收割台,以优良的性能及割茬低、损失少和效率高等特点深受广大用户的喜爱,在大豆收获中得到广泛的推广和应用。 然而,该割台在使用时经常出现弹齿轴及辐条断裂、扭曲变形等故障。其原因除质量方面外,主要是使用、调整不当所致。 1.拨禾轮高低调整不当 拨禾轮过低,当割刀由于地形变化,突然发生向上较大仿形时,拨禾轮未及时升起,出现割刀咬弹齿现象,将弹齿压板及弹齿轴拽断。     

新疆-3联合收割机的调整要点

1割台部分 1.1拨禾轮的调整（ 1）高低的调整。拨禾轮弹齿应作用在被切割作物重心偏上的位置，小麦、水稻为茎杆 2/3处。（ 2）前后的调整。收割的作物，无论是低或倒伏，拨禾轮处在最低位时的前后位置，都应保证拨禾轮弹齿与切割搅龙间隙大于 20mm，其弹齿倾角为 45°。（ 3）转速的调整。靠机手通过割台左边的无级变速手柄来调节，顺时针转速升高，逆时针降低。 1.2切割器的调整（ 1）当割刀处于左、右两个极限位置时，各动刀片中心线与相应的定刀片中心线重合（称为对中）。偏差不得大于 5mm。（ 2）所有动刀片和切刀杆工作面应在一平面…     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.