密度和追肥时期对重穗型冬小麦品种L906群体辐射和光合特性的调控效应

密度和追肥时期对重穗型高产冬小麦的群体发展,冠层辐射和光合特性有明显的调节效应.随着密度增加,开花前的叶面积指数(LAI)、群体净光合速率(NCP)、群体叶源量(CLSC)提高,但生育后期衰减较快;密度过高导致群体透光率下降,消光系数增加,单茎受光量降低,冠层光环境恶化,后期旗叶的羧化效率降低;密度过低则导致生育前期漏光损失     

Effect of Shading from Jointing to Maturity on High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunit Accumulation and Glutenin Macropolymer Concentration in Grain of Winter Wheat

Accumulations of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) in wheat grains are important indicators of grain quality. Two wheat cultivars, Yangmai 158 (shading tolerant) and Yangmai 11 (shading intolerant) which contains the same subunit pairs of 7 + 8 and 2 + 12, were used to evaluate the impacts of shading on HMW‐GS accumulation and GMP concentration in the grain. Three shading levels were implemented from jointing to maturity, i.e. S1, S2 and S3, in which the plants received 8 %, 15 % and 23 % less radiation of the control (S0), respectively. The initial formation of HMW‐GS was pre‐dated by shading. The rapid HMW‐GS accumulation duration was shortened, and the accumulation rate during late grain filling period was lowered in the two relatively severe shaded treatments (S2 & S3). Thus, the total HMW‐GS accumulation in single grain at maturity was lower in S2 and S3 than in the control (S0). However, concentrations of HMW‐GS and GMP at maturity increased because of the reduced single grain weight in S2 and S3, as compared to S0. In contrast, the low density shading (S1) prolonged the rapid accumulation duration of HMW‐GS, hence increased the accumulation and concentration of HMW‐GS in the grains. Consequently, S1 reduced falling number and SDS‐sedimentation volume, while shortened dough development time (DDT) and dough stability time (DST). In contrast, S2 and S3 increased falling number, wet‐gluten concentration and SDS‐sedimentation volume, and lengthened the DDT and DST. In addition, the fluctuations in accumulations of HMW‐GS and GMP and most quality traits because of shading in Yangmai 158 were less than Yangmai 11. The interrelations between HMW‐GS accumulation, GMP concentration and quality of grain and dough were further discussed.     

Effect of shading and nitrogen application on yield, grain size distribution and concentrations of nitrogen and water soluble carbohydrates in malting spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Experiments to investigate the effects of periods of low radiation, combined with different rates of nitrogen fertilization, on growth, grain yield, mean grain weight, grain size distribution and concentrations of nitrogen and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) were carried out in 1991 and 1993. The low radiation (60% of ambient radiation) was achieved by placing shading nets in fields of barley (cv. Prisma). There was an unshaded control (S1), plus three shading period treatments during the main phenological phases, with three rates of nitrogen fertilization (unfertilized control, 90 kg ha⁻¹ minus soil nitrogen and this rate plus 60 kg ha⁻¹ at the flag leaf stage). It was found that total grain yield was 5% lower after shading during tillering (S2), 35% lower after shading during stem elongation (S3) and 45% lower after shading during grain filling (S4). Treatments S2 and S3 considerably reduced the concentration of WSC in plant organs and increased the nitrogen concentration and, in general, the concentrations returned to the values of the control after the shading period. The S3 treatment markedly reduced the number of grains m⁻², mainly because there were 35% fewer grains per spike. This treatment resulted in a mean grain weight 14% above that of the control, but only in 1991. Weather was probably responsible for this disparity: in 1991, the spring was cold and wet and the summer was warm and dry, but in 1993 the spring was warm and dry and the summer was cool and wet. The S4 treatment reduced mean grain weight by 40% in 1991 and by 25% in 1993 and shifted the median of the size distribution towards smaller grains in both years. In S4, the N concentration in the grains was markedly increased, resulting in unacceptably high protein concentrations (14–21%) for malting quality. Higher rates of nitrogen fertilization increased leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter production and grain N concentration. Nitrogen had a positive effect in establishing yield potential because it increased grain number per unit area; however, it did not improve assimilate supply during grain filling, and hence grain number and mean grain weight were negatively correlated. Only in 1993 did nitrogen increase grain yield. It is concluded that shading during the growing period and high rates of nitrogen fertilization adversely affect the quality (in terms of grain size, size distribution and grain nitrogen concentration) of malting barley.     

遮阴对冀中南优质强筋小麦形态和品质的影响

选用4个适于冀中南种植的优质强筋小麦进行花后遮阴处理,测定了株高和旗叶形态特征、千粒重以及品质性状,研究不同遮阴条件下这些主要形态特征和品质性状的变化。结果表明:与对照(S0)相比,25%遮阴(S1)增加小麦株高,50%遮阴(S2)株高增幅低于S1,‘藳优2018’甚至低于S0;不同品种旗叶对遮阴处理响应不同,‘师栾02-1’和‘石优20’通过增加叶片长度增加旗叶叶面积,‘藳优5766’叶片厚度降低,‘藳优2018’无显著变化;遮阴造成千粒重降低,蛋白含量、沉降值和湿面筋含量品质指标增加,但是面筋指数下降;遮阴对面团流变学特性影响在品种间存在较大差异,遮阴提高‘石优20’和‘藳优5766’的面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸能量和最大拉伸阻力,但是降低‘师栾02-1’的面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力,降低‘藳优2018’面团形成时间、稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力,却增加拉伸面积。优质强筋小麦品质对遮阴的响应有共同点,但也存在品种间差异,可能是遮阴降低小麦光合速率导致光合产物合成和运输受阻,蛋白含量的相对提高使得不同小麦在遮阴处理中有共性的反应,例如4个小麦品种的蛋白含量和湿面筋含量都增加,同时品种间籽粒的蛋白组成不同,可能是导致粉质参数和拉伸参数存在差异的重要原因。     

Primary Growth Parameters of Three Alfalfa Cultivars Adapted to Highland Climatic Conditions

An irrigated field study was conducted to determine the relative importance and inter‐relationships of growth parameters of three dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars grown in the highlands of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, in 2000–2003. The fast‐growing cultivar Savas had the greatest dry matter (DM) yield at the final sampling date with the greatest mean crop growth rate. In addition to a greater relative growth rate (RGR), this cultivar had more stem branching and greater leaf area in the canopy, which resulted in greater leaf area index (LAI) and greater leaf area duration. Despite the considerable increase in leaf area ratio (LAR: leaf area per unit shoot DM), the reduction in RGR of all cultivars over time was the result of a large decline in net assimilation rate (NAR) due to increasing specific leaf area (SLA). Intracultivar variation in the RGR of alfalfa is mainly determined by NAR and SLA, and both were significantly higher for Savas than the other two cultivars. The relative importance of NAR and SLA to RGR changed due to increasing self‐shading as the LAI of the canopy increased, creating a trade‐off between NAR and SLA.     

Delaying senescence of wheat with fungicides has interacting effects with cultivar on grain sulphur concentration but not with sulphur yield or nitrogen:sulphur ratios

Winter wheat was grown in three field experiments, each repeated over two or three seasons, to investigate effects of extending flag leaf life by fungicide application on the concentration, kg ha⁻¹ and mg grain⁻¹ of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) as well as N:S ratio and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) sedimentation volume. The experiments involved up to six cultivars and different application rates, timings and frequencies of azoxystrobin and epoxiconazole. For every day the duration to 37% green flag leaf area (m) was extended, N yield was increased by 2.58 kg ha⁻¹, N per grain by 0.00957 mg, S yield by 0.186 kg ha⁻¹ and S per grain by 0.000718 mg. The N:S ratio decreased by 0.0135 per day. There was no evidence that these responses varied with cultivar. In contrast, the relationship between flag leaf life and N or S concentration interacted with cultivar. The N and S concentrations of Shamrock, the cultivar that suffered most from brown rust (Puccinia recondita), increased with the extension of flag leaf life whereas the concentrations of N and S in Malacca, a cultivar more susceptible to Septoria tritici, decreased as flag leaf senescence was delayed. This was because the relationships between m and N and S yields were much better conserved over cultivars than those between m and thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain yield ha⁻¹.     

不同基因型啤酒大麦冠层叶片光合特性对产量的影响

为给啤酒大麦高产栽培提供理论依据,采用便携式光合分析系统研究不同基因型啤酒大麦冠层叶片光合速率变化,分析其对产量的影响。研究结果表明,参试基因型中M-22（1）、KH LEDI（4）、Pasadena（15）、Z014J081J（19）、MERIT（20）、Z090M066M（25）等二棱大麦的叶面积指数(LAI)一直较高,其中以美国的新品种之一Z014J081J表现最为突出,平均LAI达2.69;不同基因型啤酒大麦叶面积指数阶段变化与产量呈现一定的正相关关系, 从挑旗期到灌浆末期整个生育阶段的LAI变化与产量的相关性均达到极显著水平;相关分析表明,不同基因型啤酒大麦冠层光合速率阶段变化与产量呈现一定的正相关关系。其中孕穗期、抽穗开花期和灌浆末期的光合速率变化与产量的相关性达极显著水平,相关系数分别为0.5024、0.5360和0.6758。     

不同新型肥料对小麦光合特性、冠层结构及产量的影响

为明确不同新型肥料的使用效果,为生产中合理选择肥料提供依据。以小麦品种烟农19为材料,在安徽省怀远县龙亢农场设置普通化肥、保持肥、活性增效肥、活性炭肥、活性素肥、土壤改良剂+习惯施肥和习惯施肥共7个不同肥料处理,研究对小麦冠层结构、光能截获率、旗叶光合特性和产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,新型肥料处理较习惯施肥处理产量提高了4.4%~10.2%,其中活性增效肥处理产量最高。与习惯施肥处理相比,不同新型肥料处理均提高了小麦生育后期旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率、冠层叶面积指数及光能截获率。综上,新型肥料具有增产增效的优势,尤其活性增效肥可作为小麦科学施肥的优选方案。     

固定道结合垄面覆盖种植模式对春小麦冠层结构特性的影响

为了进一步丰富固定道耕作技术理论体系,2005年在河西走廊中部小麦种植区通过结合垄面覆盖试验,探讨了固定道耕作技术对春小麦株高、叶分布、叶面积指数、群体内光分布和光合速率等冠层结构特性的影响。结果表明,固定道结合垄面覆膜(CTP)、固定道结合垄面秸秆覆盖(CTS)、固定道无覆盖(CT)处理的小麦株高分别比平作(对照, LT)低2.09、3.27和5.65 cm。CTS和CTP处理的旗叶与倒3叶间距、旗叶与倒2叶间距以及倒2叶与倒3叶间距的比值接近3:2:1,有利于光能在群体各个层次均匀分布。叶面积指数在6月25日后呈LT>CTP>CTS>CT的变化规律,3个固定道处理的叶面积指数都小于LT处理,而垄面覆盖可以减弱这种影响。LT处理入射光线的97.2%被小麦群体截获,其中77.3%在旗叶层被截获,旗叶光合速率较低,光能利用率不高;CTP和CTS处理的群体内光分布较均匀,漏射损失的光线分别占入射光线的8.0%和11.2%;CT处理生长中期旗叶光合速率较高,但入射光线的透射损失率较高,占入射光线的23.7%,而且整个生育期叶面积指数偏低。总之,CTP和CTS处理构建的“松塔型”结构有利于光能有效利用,增加作物产量;而LT和CT处理则分别由于群体过于密闭遮蔽和稀疏导致光能反射和透射损失严重而降低了作物生产力。     

氮肥运筹对滴灌冬小麦叶片光合特性及产量的影响

为研究滴氮时期及滴氮比例对滴灌冬小麦旗叶生理特性及产量的影响。在总施纯氮300kg/hm ²条件下设置6个不同滴灌追氮量处理,分别用F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、F6表示,以不施氮肥为对照（F0）,研究不同追施氮量对冬小麦叶面积指数（LAI）、叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、旗叶光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,不同处理滴灌冬小麦的LAI、SPAD值变化规律一致,均呈先增后降的变化规律,LAI以F4处理相对较大,处理间SPAD值差异规律不明显;开花期、花后10d旗叶净光合速率（P_n）、蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）均表现为F5>F1>F6>F4>F2>F3>F0。而各处理胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）与P_n、T_r、G_s的变化规律呈相反的趋势。籽粒产量以F5处理最高,为9 889.35kg/hm ²,分别较F0、F1、F2、F3、F4、F6处理增加23.70%、3.10%、6.52%、21.44%、7.94%、14.10%。综合分析可知,总施氮量300kg/hm ²条件下,冬小麦起身期追施123.3kg/hm ²,在孕穗期、开花期各追施41.1kg/hm ²时滴灌冬小麦的光合性能表现较好。     

A temporal limit to the association between flag leaf life extension by fungicides and wheat yields

Three field experiments, each repeated over two or three seasons, on winter wheat investigated a possible limit to the association between grain yield and flag leaf life, as extended by fungicide application. The experiments involved up to six cultivars and different application rates, timings and frequencies of the strobilurin azoxystrobin and the triazole epoxiconazole. In the 2000/01 and 2001/02 seasons, the relationships between the thermal time to 37% green flag leaf area (m) and yield deviated from linearity. ‘Broken stick’ models were fitted to cultivar × experiment combinations within each season and the limit to the benefit to yield associated with extending flag leaf life was 700 °C days (S.E. = 20.7) and 725 °C days (S.E. = 9.33) after anthesis in 2000/01 and 2001/02, respectively. In 2002/03, the relationship between yield and m did not deviate significantly (P > 0.05) from linearity, but in this latter year the fungicide application failed to increase m past 700 °C days.     

小麦产量对中后期氮素胁迫的响应及品种间差异

生育中后期土壤供氮不足是导致小麦减产的重要原因之一。2015—2017年连续2个生长季,选择人工合成六倍体小麦衍生品种(synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived cultivar, SDC)和非人工合成小麦衍生品种(Non-synthetic hexaploid wheat-derived cultivar, NSC)各3个,设置2个施氮水平,研究其产量及相关生理参数对中后期氮素胁迫的响应。SDC包括川麦42、川麦104和绵麦367, NSC包括绵麦37、川农16和川麦30。2个施氮水平为正常施氮处理(Nn, 150kg N hm~(–2),底肥40%、拔节肥60%)和中后期氮胁迫处理(Ns, 60 kg N hm~(–2),全部作底肥)。结果表明,氮胁迫下,两类品种产量均值降幅接近(SDC 19.6%, NSC 20.4%),但正常供氮下SDC产量高于NSC (高14.4%),其氮胁迫下的产量也较高(高15.9%)。氮胁迫下, SDC的生物产量、单位面积粒数均高于NSC。开花期,两类品种在2个氮素水平下的叶面积指数(LAI)接近,但在灌浆中后期的降幅SDC小于NSC,花后22d,SDC在高、低施氮水平下的LAI较NSC分别高25.1%和16.0%。开花灌浆阶段, 2个施氮水平下SDC旗叶和倒二叶SPAD始终高于NSC,氮胁迫下二者的差距增大。两类品种的净光合速率(NPR)和群体光合速率(CAP)的差异也主要出现在灌浆中后期,氮胁迫下SDC以上2个参数较NSC均有优势。氮胁迫下,花后功能叶片的硝态氮、铵态氮、可溶性糖含量SDC也高于NSC。SDC较NSC有更高的氮素利用效率(NUtE),氮胁迫下,二者NUtE的差距增加。以上结果表明,低氮胁迫下SDC的生产力高于NSC,这与其较高的库容、较长叶片功能期有关。     

不同种植密度下的夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性

研究了种植密度对夏播玉米(CF008、郑单958和金海5号）冠层结构及光合特性的影响,目的是通过密度调控,构建高效冠层,发挥品种潜力,同时确立不同夏玉米品种高产高效冠层的定量化技术指标。结果表明,3个夏玉米品种均在中或低密度下（CF008为9.75和11.25万株 hm-2,郑单958为8.25和9.75万株 hm^-2,金海5号为6.75和8.25万株 hm^-2）构建的冠层较合理,冠层光合性能较高。冠层内透光率、叶夹角、茎粗、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）和净光合速率（Pn）均随着密度的增加而降低,说明高密度易造成群体内光分布不合理,导致光合性能的降低。灌浆中期前群体光合势（LAD）和叶面积指数（LAI）均表现为中或高密度条件下较高,而后为中或低密度下较高,并且吐丝后LAD所占比率为中或低密度处理显著高于高密度处理,说明高密度条件下冠层结构不合理,造成生育后期叶片提早衰老。在中或低密度下,群体穗位层透光率较大,吐丝期和灌浆中期分别为13.4%~19.45%和16.19%~21.48%;叶面积发展动态较为合理,吐丝期LAI达5.59~6.75,成熟期仍然保持在2.24~3.68,尤其中上层叶片LAI高值持续期较长;吐丝期中上层叶片Pn达到33.6~43.8 μmol CO2 m^-2 s^-1;吐丝后的群体LAD较高,特别是中密度下LAD达172.01~235.91 m2 d m-2,后期光合面积持续时间较长,更有利于玉米产量的提高。     

Heterosis in yield,fiber quality,and photosynthesis of okra leaf oriented hybrid cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> L.)

Leaf shape is an important factor affecting canopy structure, photosynthetic characteristics, and yield. Introducing okra leaf shape is considered an important strategy in cotton heterosis breeding. The objective of the study was to evaluate the heterosis in okra leaf cotton hybrid F₁s, which were developed by crossing two sterile near isolines and three restorer near isolines. A normal leaf check hybrid F₁, Zhongza 29, and four newly developed okra leaf oriented hybrid F₁s, including the super-okra (severely cleft and narrowly lobed leaf), okra (deeply cleft and narrowly lobed leaf), semi-okra (intermediate leaf lobe), and sub-okra (large leaf lobe) hybrids were selected in this experiment. Okra leaf oriented cotton hybrids significantly reduced leaf area index (LAI) (P < 0.0001), thus more light penetrated into the lower canopy. The LAIs for the super-okra and okra hybrids, however, were too small to supply adequate photosynthate, thus resulting in early maturity, short boll filling period, and low yield. As the LAI increases, the semi-okra and sub-okra hybrids showed certain heterosis. The semi-okra hybrid showed 7–12% heterosis over the check hybrid in lint percent, 6–11% in boll weight, 2–147% in canopy light intensity, 1–10% in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and −3 to 3% in lint yield. As well, all tested okra leaf hybrids improved fiber quality such as micronaire compared with the normal leaf check hybrid. The results suggested that adopting okra leaf parental lines in cotton breeding provided potentials in increasing fiber quality with comparable lint yield.     

烯效唑干拌种对小麦光合作用和14C同化物分配的影响

研究了烯效唑干拌种对小麦生育后期光合作用及14C同化物分配的调节效应。结果表明,烯效唑处理增加了植株冠层叶面积,处理间差异显著,以20 mg/kg处理的效果最好。与对照相比,旗叶全展后30 d,MDA含量降低了14.3%,可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量分别增加了59.4%和12.6%。烯效唑处理提高了小麦旗叶后期光合速率,改变了14C同化物     

旗叶蜡质含量不同小麦近等基因系的抗旱性

于2013-2014和2014-2015年度,以多蜡质和少蜡质的4个小麦近等基因系为材料,采用田间旱棚方式控制土壤水分,研究了蜡质含量与小麦抗旱性的关系。结果表明,干旱处理后,多蜡质小麦品系旗叶的蜡质含量平均为15.15 mg g?1,较少蜡质小麦品系(8.43 mg g?1)高79.8%;多蜡质小麦品系旗叶的水势较高,干旱处理后下降幅度明显小于少蜡质小麦品系,水分散失率也显著低于少蜡质品系(P< 0.05);多蜡质小麦品系旗叶的光合速率平均下降7.5%,而少蜡质小麦品系下降9.8%;多蜡质小麦品系旗叶PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)平均下降幅度为3.4%,少蜡质小麦品系下降幅度达到5.8%;多蜡质小麦品系的籽粒产量高于少蜡质品系,平均高3.7%;多蜡质小麦品系的抗旱指数和干旱敏感指数均显著低于少蜡质小麦品系(P< 0.05)。以上结果表明,蜡质能够提高小麦的抗旱性,旗叶蜡质含量可以作为抗旱小麦品种的选择指标。     

Genetic gains for physiological traits associated with yield in soft red winter wheat in the Eastern United States from 1919 to 2009

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding strategies can benefit from periodic evaluation of genetic gains for physiological and morphological traits, and their contribution to yield progress over time in a particular environment. The objective of this research was to expand the recent work at Virginia Tech on genetic yield improvement in soft red winter (SRW) wheat and determine the magnitude of progress for several physiological traits in 50 SRW wheat cultivars released from 1919 to 2009. Physiological traits evaluated here were extensively reported in the literature to be relevant for future wheat breeding as they directly contributed to yield increase under optimum and suboptimal environmental conditions; these traits include canopy temperature depression (CTD), flag leaf width (W), flag leaf area (LA), flag leaf dry weight (DW), flag leaf specific area (SLA), SPAD (soil plant analysis development) chlorophyll reading, and grain ¹³C isotope discrimination (Δ). Replicated experiments were performed at Warsaw and Holland, VA, in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 growing seasons. Results showed that three traits consistently changed in magnitude over time and, at the same time, were significantly (p < 0.01) related to yield; they were LA, smaller leaf area-higher yields; DW, lighter leaves-higher yields; and Δ, higher Δ-higher yields. CTD decreased in magnitude and SLA, W, and SPAD chlorophyll reading did not significantly change over time. Our data suggest that further yield increase in the SRW wheat grown in eastern Unites States can be achieved through selection of cultivars with smaller leaves, and with high Δ.     

氮肥基追比对滴灌冬小麦旗叶光合特性的影响

(目的)为探索小麦滴灌条件下氮肥合适的基追比对冬小麦光合作用的影响,(方法)设置4种不同基追比滴灌处理研究小麦花后旗叶光合特性。(结果结论)研究表明,与对照相比基追比为4:6的处理能显著提高小麦旗叶的SPAD值和叶面积指数,同时提高了小麦的净光合速率(Pn),促进旗叶对胞间二氧化碳(Ci)的同化,增加了气孔导度(Gs),降低了胞间二氧化碳的浓度,提高了蒸腾速率(Tr),保持了相对较高的光合能力。     

硫肥对两个不同穗型冬小麦品种光合特性及产量的影响

在大田土壤有效硫含量15.8 mg.kg^-1试验条件下，研究了不同硫肥处理对冬小麦多穗型品种豫麦49和大穗型品种豫麦66光合特性和产量的影响。结果表明，60 kg.hm^-2纯硫基施或基施与拔节期追施各50%处理与对照相比，提高了群体光合速率（CAP）、旗叶蒸腾速率（T_r），同时提高了叶片叶绿素（Chl）含量，尤其显著地提高了旗叶净光合速率（P_n），延缓了灌浆后期P_n的下降。施硫处理产量显著高于对照，以60 kg.hm^-2纯硫分基施与拔节期追施各50%处理效果最好。两品种光合特性和产量对不同硫肥处理的反应表现出差异，施硫对豫麦66旗叶光合速率的影响大于豫麦49。纯硫120 kg.hm^-2处理的光合特性指标和产量低于其他硫肥处理。据此，作者对两种穗型冬小麦品种合理施用硫肥的技术措施提出了建议。     

密度对中熟春大豆冠层结构及光合特性的影响

为明确种植密度对滴灌中熟春大豆冠层结构及光合特性的影响规律。试验以中熟春大豆品种‘新大豆27号’和品系‘11-109’为试验材料,大田条件下设置18.0 (D1)、28.5 (D2)、36.0 (D3) 万株/hm2 3个不同种植密度,并对其群体上、中、下三个冠层的叶面积指数、叶绿素含量（SPAD值）、净光合速率、干物质积累量及产量做了系统测定。结果表明,密度由D1增加到D2,叶面积指数、干物质积累量、产量均显著增加;密度由D2增至D3,叶面积指数继续增加,而干物质和产量不再继续增加;增加密度明显降低植株7节以下叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率,提高结荚节位,降低单株粒数、粒数和经济系数;新大豆27号的叶面积指数、干物质积累、叶片光合速率等对密度的响应不如11-109敏感。D2是两品种（系）的适宜密度,新大豆27号籽粒产量为5551.13 kg/hm2,较11-109高14.73%。超高产春大豆品种的冠层结构、光合特性及产量对密度的响应不如高产品种敏感。