永嘉乌牛早

乌牛早是浙南山区一个特早生茶树品种,主要分布在永嘉县罗溪、仁溪、乌牛一带山区。产地气候暖和、雨量充沛、生态环境优越。1985年农业局组织力量进行早茶品种资源普查时考证,乌牛早于150年前,由罗溪乡龙头村金某路过乌牛乡岭下村时发现,单株培育而成,当地茶农习惯称谓“岭下茶”。1985年种植面积1112亩,年产炒青茶600担。“七四”期间早茶开发列入农业部优质农产品开发项目,创制产品在1987、1989年分别获     

基于FastICA的浙江省茶叶早春霜冻时空分布特征

为分析浙江省茶叶早春霜冻时空分布特征,根据前人研究成果结合浙江茶叶生产实际,提出了茶叶早春霜冻的气象指标和等级划分。基于该指标和全省64个基本气象站1971—2011年气象数据,采用FastICA负熵最大化算法分析浙江省茶叶早春霜冻时空变化特征。结果表明,浙江省茶叶整体、轻度、中度和重度早春霜冻第一独立成分方差贡献率分别为76.65%、49.78%、48.01%和55.82%,第二独立成分方差贡献率较小。各等级早春霜冻第一独立成分变化趋势基本一致,浙江北部是最易发生茶叶早春霜冻的地区。40年间每年都发生茶叶轻度和中度早春霜冻,且空间分布都为北多南少,2000年以后茶叶各等级早春霜冻均呈增加趋势。茶叶各等级早春霜冻第二独立成分呈正负相间的分布型,轻度早春霜冻正值中心位于浙西北,温州中部为负值;中度早春霜冻正值位于嘉兴、湖州东部、杭州东北部和温州中部,宁波南部和台州北部为负值中心;重度早春霜冻负值位于湖州西部和温州西南部,浙江其他地区为正值。41年间浙江省茶叶轻度早春霜冻呈减少趋势,中度早春霜冻趋势线呈波动变化特征,其中20世纪70年代和80年代后半期呈减少趋势,20世纪80年代前期、90年代和2000年以后呈增加趋势,重度早春霜冻没有明显的变化趋势。研究结果可为茶叶生产提供科学依据。     

青花菜春季栽培技术

都匀地区早春栽培的青花菜 ,上市期在 4月下旬～ 6月中旬 ,是夏秋栽培青花菜的延续 ,对解决 4～ 6月淡季的青花菜供应 ,起到良好的补淡作用 ,且经济效益高。经过几年的试验 ,已探索出适合都匀地区的早春青花菜栽培技术 ,其主要措施如下 :1　选择适宜品种春季栽培的青花菜宜选择生长前期对低温不大敏感的中早熟品种或早熟品种 ;如绿峰、绿岭。2　适时播种培育壮苗2 .1　种植适期春季栽培青花菜的播种期应根据不同的栽培形式来确定 ;一般地膜覆盖 ,在 1月下旬～ 2月上旬播种 ,露地在 2月中旬～ 3月上旬播种。2 .2培育壮苗育苗地应选择地势高燥…     

山西省终霜冻变化及其与春季北太平洋海温的SVD分析

摘 要：利用山西省35个代表站1971-2008年逐年终霜冻资料和美国NCEP/NCAR再分析资料的全球逐月海温格点(2°×2°)资料,采用小波分析、EOF和SVD分解等方法讨论了山西省终霜冻的时空变化特征以及与北太平洋海温的关系。结果表明：山西省终霜冻时空分布不均匀,存在显著的年际和年代际变化特征。山西省终霜冻有提前的趋势。山西省终霜冻异常存在3年、5年、15年的周期;影响终霜冻的春季海温关键区是（20°S~35°N,110~160°E ）,山西省春霜冻与该关键区春季海温是显著的负相关关系,即春季海温关键区海温异常偏高（低）,山西省终霜冻偏早（晚）。     

阜阳市霜冻变化特征

为了有效防御和减轻霜冻灾害对阜阳市农业生产的影响,为合理开展农业气候区划提供可靠依据,利用阜阳市1953—2014年62年整编资料,采用气候统计学方法,对阜阳市霜冻气候特征及其变化进行分析。结果表明：（1）初霜冻主要集中在10 月下旬—11 月中旬,占总次数的90%,终霜冻主要集中在3月中旬—4 月上旬,占总次数的77%。（2）平均初霜冻日为11 月2 日、终霜冻日为3 月26 日,无霜冻期为222天。（3）终霜冻出现异常较初霜冻频率高,20世纪80年代后期以来初霜冻未出现异常偏早和偏晚,21世纪以来终霜冻异常增多。（4）初霜冻整体变化趋势不明显,未发生气候突变。终霜冻在20世纪60年代末期出现气候突变呈提前趋势。无霜期在20世纪80年代后期出现气候突变呈延长趋势。     

基于综合模糊评价方法的西安旅游气候舒适度分析

采用西安近30年（1981—2010年）地面站全年各候的平均气温、相对湿度及风速气象资料,利用综合模糊评价方法对西安地区旅游气候舒适度进行精细化分析评判,结果表明：西安的最适宜旅游期分别为4月底至7月初（第24—37候）以及8月中旬至9月底（第45—53候）,较适宜旅游期为7月上旬至8月上旬（第38—44候）,非适宜旅游期为10月中旬至次年4月上旬（第56候—次年第20候）。“五一”假期处于西安旅游不舒适期向最舒适期的转换阶段,“十一”假期则位于旅游最舒适期向不舒适期的转换阶段,受低温影响,其旅游气候舒适度低于“五一”期间。近30年西安旅游舒适日数及最舒适日数有显著的年代际变化,西安旅游舒适日数呈逐年上升趋势。夏季旅游舒适日数及最舒适日数均呈下降趋势,春季和秋季则为增加趋势,其中春季上升幅度明显大于秋季。     

采用EMS诱变方法选育一串红新品种‘非凡’

‘非凡’是采用1%EMS溶液浸泡‘神州红’种子后,经多代选择育成的一串红新品种。该品种植株矮生直立,分枝性强;叶片浅绿,叶脉下陷程度及叶柄显色程度较弱;花色橙红。在两年多点区域品比试验及耐热性比较试验中,盛花期平均株高21.2 cm,冠幅21.9 cm;花序较长,主花序长平均15.4 cm;在春季栽培中,播种至始花101.6 d,始花至终花(观花期) 62.4 d,主花序花期28.2 d;观赏期长,观赏效果佳;耐热性较好,适宜浙江省及气候类似地区春秋两季种植。2018年通过浙江省农作物品种认定委员会认定。     

春兰怎样实行四季管理

春兰产于江浙一带的丘陵山地,性喜荫蔽、湿润、凉爽、通风的环境和富含腐殖质的酸性土壤,适宜的生长温度是12—32℃。春季气温回升,春兰开始放花。但早春气候尚不稳定,不时会有寒流霜冻出现。所以不要急于出房,否则极易遭受冻害,造成根枯死亡。前期浇水以润土为宜,不要太湿,可在中午前后喷水。不宜施肥。随着气温的升高,新芽开始萌发,就可以出房通风见光了。遇上雨天要防止盆土过湿或积水,以免烂根。晴天可适当浇水,但不宜过多。气候干燥时,需常喷水,以增加空气湿度。到了5月份,气温开始渐高,     

贵州芥蓝种植生产的气候适宜度研究

摘 要：为了研究芥蓝生长与贵州气候资源相适宜的情况,基于1981-2010年贵州省84个国家级气象观测站逐日气象数据,结合芥蓝的生物特性,根据农业生态气候适宜度理论和模糊数学方法,建立气温、降水以及气候适宜度评价模型,并利用该模型对芥蓝生长的逐侯气候适宜度进行评价。结果表明,贵州芥蓝生长气温较适宜、适宜和最适宜期集中于3月第1侯到11月第5侯,而最适宜气温期集中在4月第4侯到10月第3侯;降水较适宜、适宜和最适宜期是3月第5侯到5月第5侯、7月第3侯到11月第4侯,但降水最适宜时期较短,只有10月第3侯和第6侯。气温为主导因子时,降水对芥蓝的气候适宜性有较为明显的影响作用,贵州各地芥蓝生长的最适宜气候期是春季4—5月和秋季9—10月,并且秋季气候条件优于春季,可满足2~4季芥蓝露地正常生长。     

中国马铃薯生产风险区划实证研究

为探寻中国马铃薯生产风险的分布特征及适宜的种植区域,以1992—2013年中国19个马铃薯主产省的数据,综合考虑马铃薯生产过程中自然、市场和技术等风险,以减产率、变异系数、减产率小于10%和30%的发生概率以及种植规模指数等9个变量构建风险区划的指标体系,利用非参数核密度法计算风险发生概率,基于聚类法进行风险区划的实证。结果表明：中国马铃薯种植区被分为5个风险区,中国北部地区马铃薯生产风险较高,中西部地区的生产风险较低,南部地区的生产风险中等。究其原因,是由于马铃薯品种的混种、南北地区气温、降水迥异导致。研究结果为未来中国马铃薯生产布局的调整和防灾减灾措施的制定提供决策依据。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

A note on the origin of Kalanchoë x vadensis Boom & Zeilinga (Crassulaceae)

Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Avoidance of leaf rust fungi in wild relatives of cultivated cereals

Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.     

Variation in forage grasses as hosts of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne naasi (Franklin) and selection for resistance in ryegrass

Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.     

Current and future strategies in breeding lentil for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...