旋耕力曲面典型形状的研究

给出了描述旋耕刀曲面形状特征的３个角度参数：滑切角、起土角及偏切角，对比研究了日本典型旋耕刀ＦＴ８０３及Ｙ１５１和我国标准旋耕刀ⅡＴ２４５的这３个角度参数值，拽出了旋耕刀曲面形状对其耕作性能和功耗的影响。     

反转旋耕刀滑切角分析与计算

对反转旋耕刀滑切角的分析与计算表明：反转旋耕刀滑切角的意义及方程与正转旋耕刀相同，可以按照统一的方法描述旋耕刀滑切角的特性，并计算其大小。由于工作范围不同，反转旋耕刀滑切角是从大逐渐减小的，其变化规律与正耕刀不同。如果反旋刀入土时不能满足滑切要求，则在整个切土过程中都不满足滑切要求。在切土阶段，反转旋耕刀的动态滑切角大于正转旋耕刀，但由于反转旋耕切草类似于无支承切割以及反旋刀抛土性能差等特点，反转旋耕刀的缠草总是仍然比较突出。     

斜置旋耕刀侧切刃曲线的理论研究

在对斜置旋耕动力学分析的基础上，推导出斜置旋耕刀侧切刃动态滑动条件，给出了侧切刃动态滑切角的定义和计算公式，以及计算实例。对比了国际耕刀正置和斜置时的动、静态滑动切角。把斜置旋耕刀的动态滑切角与侧切刃曲线统一于黎卡提（Riccati)微分方程中。该方程对斜置旋耕刀的计算机辅助设计有重要意义。     

反转旋耕刀正切面分析及参数选择

为提高反转旋耕刀的性能，根据旋耕刀运动的特点，从旋耕刀几何学及切削角度方面出发，对反转旋耕刀正切面角度及对磨刃面的影响进行了分析。提出：由于反转旋耕时旋耕刀的变隙角小于正转旋耕，使得反转旋耕刀的切土角和隙角大于正转旋耕刀；在同样结构参数、运动参数及切土条件下，反转旋耕刀的安装角应比正转旋耕刀小一些；反转旋耕时，刀辊转速宜取高一些。由于上述原因，会造成反转旋耕刀的切土阻力较大。     

旋耕—碎茬通用刀片结构参数优化试

以L型碎茬刀及宽型旋耕刀为基础,设计了9种旋耕-碎茬通用刀片.通过土槽单刀功率消耗(扭矩)试验确定了通用刀片的结构参数为:弯折角67°、弯曲半径20 mm、正切刃滑切角12°、单刀作业幅宽60 mm.并分别进行了通用刀片与国标旋耕刀的旋耕对比试验及通用刀片与批量生产的碎茬刀切断对比试验.试验结果表明,通用刀片单位幅宽功率消耗小于国标旋耕刀,但大于常用碎茬刀;单刀幅宽相同条件下,通用刀片功率消耗低于旋耕刀及碎茬刀,表明通用刀片结构参数选择合理可行.     

旋耕刀正切刃设计方法的研究

论述了旋耕刀正切刃的设计，推导了正切丸弯折方程，讨论了正切刃滑切角的计算，应用偏心圆方法设计了正切刃，并对有关参数进行了分析。     

拖拉机旋耕机组旋耕速比的确定

由弯刀的侧切刃方程和侧切刃上任一点的轨迹方程导耕作层底面不平度，起始入土半径和起始切土半径，静态滑切角与动态滑切角以３主动态有效隙角的解析表达式。重点讨论了旋耕速比，耕深与这些性能参数之间的关系。     

耕作部件对带状旋耕耕作质量的影响研究

应绿色可持续农业的发展要求，带状免耕播种技术在我国南方稻麦种植区得到推广与应用。为简明耕作部件对带状旋耕耕作质量的影响，在280、380和510 r/min刀轴转速下对凿型旋耕刀、直刃旋耕刀和IT225型旋耕刀进行田间耕作试验。试验结果表明，影响耕作质量的主要因素是耕作部件形状和刀轴转速。在刀轴转速为510 r/min时，IT225型旋耕刀创造的土壤回填率只有7%，土壤回填效果明显低于具有较小正切刃的直刃旋耕刀和凿型旋耕刀。凿型旋耕刀能够创造出较好的回填和土壤破碎的效果，但由于其没有侧切刃无法创造出整齐的种床截面。在刀轴转速为180 r/min时，凿型旋耕刀造成的种床截面扰动率高达20%。直刃旋耕刀能够形成齐整的种床截面和高于50%的土壤回填率，但产生的土壤破碎体粒径过大，不能满足播种的需求。本研究为带状旋耕耕作部件优化指明方向，即兼顾直刃旋耕刀和凿型旋耕刀的特点，将两种或几种刀具进行有机结合，以满足不同土壤条件下带状旋耕播种的需求。     

旋耕弯刀侧切刃曲线分析及新型曲线的推导

本文讨论了旋耕刀侧切刃理论,将阿基米德螺线等侧切刃曲线归纳为一个微分方程曲线集合,并指出:与该集合相比,偏心圆与正弦指数螺线更适合于作侧切刃曲线。 根据动态滑切角理论以及侧切刃入土应从刀根部向刀端部依次过渡的原理,推导出等动态滑切角侧切刃曲线与顺序入土侧切刃曲线。     

斜置旋耕三维凸埂研究

斜置旋耕时,由于刀辊的斜置,土垡受到旋耕刀的侧向撕裂而形成一楔状土台,所以应将旋耕沟底不平度的研究扩展到三维空间。本文详细分析了斜置旋耕作业过程中沟底凸埂的成因,建立数学模型确定了斜置旋耕凸埂的立体形状。理论研究和实测结果均表明：斜置旋耕沟底较正置旋耕沟底更为平整。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.