荣县建设现代蚕桑产业基地的做法

<正>荣县栽桑养蚕历史悠久,蚕桑生产已具有一定规模,蚕桑产业已成为该县基地乡镇农民增收的重点支主产业。截止2013年,全县桑园面积达2866.7hm2,养蚕3.5万张,其中小蚕共育2.6万张,产茧1225t,平均单产达到35kg/张,蚕农茧款收入5075万元。2013年,该县承担了省级蚕桑产业发展项目,基地建设工作取得了显著成绩。全县现有蚕桑基地乡镇8个,养蚕农户5700户,桑园面积     

以"蚕桑西进"为契机发展壮大建德蚕桑业

我市现有桑园面积742 hm2,养蚕农户4300余户.蚕种饲养量1.606万张,蚕茧总产量664.7t,蚕茧销售收入1108.9万元,户均蚕茧收入2579元,蚕桑生产产值达到1672.9万元.现有年产150t茧的乡镇1个,年产25t茧的村4个,年产500kg茧的户35个.这些重点乡镇村,桑园面积和产茧量占全市总面积和总茧量的80%,成立了5家蚕桑专业合作社.为了西部欠发达地区的蚕桑发展,省农业厅特制定了<浙江省蚕桑西进发展规划>战略,并把我市列入了蚕桑西进重点发展的八个县市之一.     

北碚区果桑产业发展现状与对策

<正>蚕桑是我区蚕农增收的一项传统优势产业,但是传统的蚕桑产业都是以栽桑—养蚕—产茧为主,其产品结构单一,667m2桑效益不高,难以抵抗市场风险。据统计,1995年我区桑园面积797hm2,发种21890张,产茧577001kg,产值641万元。到2012年全区仅有桑园367 hm2,发种1128张,产茧39724kg,产值110万元。如何有效破解这一难题,笔者调查认为,必须拓展产业面,延     

加强桑园科学管理是提高面积产叶量的有效途径

蚕桑生产既是我市历史悠久、覆盖面大、经济效益显著的骨干项目，又是农民脱贫致富的主导产业。据2006年统计，全市现有桑园面积4．8万hm2，养蚕50．04万张，产茧1680万kg，农民收入超过4亿元。与蚕桑发达地区相比较，我市的桑园面积养蚕量水平低下，桑园管理基础薄弱，严重制约着蚕桑产业化的发展进程。     

改良蔟具提高效益促进蚕桑生产可持续发展

绍兴市新昌县是浙江省重点产茧县之一,也是传统的蚕桑主产区,栽桑养蚕至今仍是山区农民主要经济来源之一。2006年全县桑园面积1286hm2,全年饲养蚕种33370张,生产鲜茧1357.65t,产值3472.5万元。长期以来广大蚕农对蚕桑生产十分重视,张种产     

蚕桑新型农作制度示范点建设的成效与体会

正嘉兴市秀洲区现有桑园1700 hm2,养蚕农户1.03万户。2017年饲养蚕种17541张,生产蚕茧870.6 t,茧款收入3693.6万元。桑园套种各类蔬菜967 hm2产值1885万元;套养家禽与枯桑养羊等产值1560万元,套种套养效益达到3445万元。蚕桑产业综合产值7138.6万元,同比减少1124.4万元,减13.6%。蚕茧产量、蚕桑产值,同比虽然仍减,但     

江苏省2009年蚕病发生情况调查

根据国家蚕桑产业技术体系任务要求,2009年江苏省苏北综合试验站,在射阳、海安、如皋、东台等试验基地,组织对218户蚕农饲养的850.20盒蚕种进行了蚕病发生情况调查,结果显示：春蚕期平均盒种产茧43.21kg,每667m2桑园产茧68.57kg,平均蚕病发生率1.33%。中秋蚕期平均盒种产茧39.26kg,每667m2桑园产茧48.77kg,平均蚕病发生率4.44%。晚秋蚕期平均盒种产茧44.11kg,每667m2桑园产茧68.96kg,平均蚕病发生率4.62%。从蚕病发生情况看,病毒病是目前影响江苏蚕业生产安全的主要传染性蚕病,约占蚕病和中毒损失率的40%以上,尤以血液型脓病为主;农药中毒亦已成为威胁江苏秋蚕生产安全的突出问题。     

四川省2019年蚕桑产业发展回顾

2019年,全省桑园面积14.67hm2(220万亩),养蚕225万张,产茧8.8万t,蚕茧质量保持全国最好水平。桑果产量15万t,茧丝绸加工产业链优化提升,全省蚕桑丝绸综合产值预计达到400亿元。1主要工作推进情况1.1基地建设快速推进一是发展积极性高。     

富东镇“桑蚕菇”套养模式的推广与应用

富东镇是东台市重点蚕桑大镇,全镇拥有桑园面积1280 hm2,占总耕地面积的40.4%,养蚕农户6700户,2008年全镇饲养蚕种7.2万张,产茧2510t,农民养蚕收入5100万元,蚕茧产量和质量名列全市前茅.     

以质量效益为中心 加快四川现代蚕桑产业发展

<正>近年来,我省蚕桑产业加快区域化布局、集约化发展、多元化开发,促进了农民增收和农村经济发展。2012年,全省桑园面积120000 hm2(180万亩),产茧7.46万t(149.2万担),桑园套作及蚕桑资源综合利用初步实现规模化发展,预计全年蚕桑综合产值50亿元,可实现全省农民人均增收7.5元。面临转型期的农业以及转型特征更为明显的蚕桑产业,抓住机遇夯实产业基础,推动我省由产业大省向产业强省转变,任务艰巨。     

Salmonella in pork cuttings in supermarkets and butchers' shops in Denmark in 2002 and 2006

The prevalence of Salmonella in fresh pork cuttings in Denmark in the years 2002 and 2006 was investigated at retail and compared with the retail supply pattern. A total of 1025 and 3473 samples were taken in 2002 from butcher's shops and supermarkets, respectively. The corresponding numbers in 2006 were 259 from butchers' shops and 628 from supermarkets. In 2002, 1.2% of all samples were positive for Salmonella; butchers' shops and supermarkets had 1.8% and 1.0% positive samples, respectively. The overall prevalence in 2006 was 4.2%, with prevalence of 8.1% and 2.6% for butchers' shops and supermarkets, respectively. Hence, increases around 3- to 5-fold were found. There was neither observed any parallel increase in Salmonella positive carcasses in Danish slaughterhouses during the study period, nor were any changes in supply routes towards slaughterhouses with higher prevalence observed, which could explain the apparent increase. We hypothesize that hygiene levels and ability to avoid cross-contamination and prevent growth of the organism, in the meat processing chain after slaughter were the most likely responsible factors. Results from this study indicate that the hygiene performance, particularly at retail, has a significant impact on the occurrence of Salmonella. This implies that there is no direct link between slaughterhouse Salmonella surveillance data and the level of Salmonella contamination at retail. To improve risk assessment of Salmonella in fresh pork meat, this study underlines the need for comprehensive retail data.     

Helminth and protozoan parasites in dogs and cats in Belgium

This study investigates the level of helminthic and protozoal infestation over the last 10 years in strays, well-cared-for dogs and cats. Determination of the prevalence of infections was based either on faecal examination or on worm counts at necropsy. Of 2324 faecal flotations (NaCl sp.gr. 1.20) of stray dogs, 34.2% had eggs or proglottids of one or more worm species consisting of Toxocara canis (17.4%), Toxascaris leonina (10.1%), Uncinaria stenocephala (11.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.0%) and cestodes (2.1%). Isospora oocysts were observed in 5.2% of the dogs. The data on the distribution of the various worm species in the positive dogs indicate that T. canis eggs were by far the most common (50.9%). Necropsy data from 212 infected dogs indicate that 38.9% were infected with T. canis and 33.7% with T. leonina. The overall prevalence of worm infestation of 246 well-cared-for kennel dogs, based on worm egg counts by the McMaster technique, was 36.1%. Of 30 feline faecal samples examined by flotation, 83.3% were positive for parasites, including Toxocara cati (60%), Ancylostoma tubaeformae (36.6%), Taenia (Hydatigera) taeniaeformis (20%) and coccidia (30%). Toxocara cati was the most frequently found worm species at the necropsy of 25 cats (52%). Toxoplasma was not observed.     

Sanguinarine metabolism and pharmacokinetics study in vitro and in vivo

Sanguinarine (SA) is a benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid which has a variety of pharmacological properties. However, very little was known about the pharmacokinetics of SA and its metabolite dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) in pigs. The purpose of this work was to study the intestinal metabolism of SA in vitro and in vivo. Reductive metabolite DHSA was detected during incubation of SA with intestinal mucosa microsomes, cytosol, and gut flora. After oral (p.o.) administration of SA, the result showed SA might be reduced to DHSA in pig intestine. After i.m. administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their peak concentrations (C_max, 30.16 ± 5.85, 5.61 ± 0.73 ng/ml, respectively) at 0.25 hr. Both compounds were completely eliminated from the plasma after 24 hr. After single oral administration, SA and DHSA rapidly increased to reach their C_max (3.41 ± 0.36, 2.41 ± 0.24 ng/ml, respectively) at 2.75 ± 0.27 hr. The half-life (T_1/2) values were 2.33 ± 0.11 hr and 2.20 ± 0.12 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. After multiple oral administration, the average steady-state concentrations (C_ss) of SA and DHSA were 3.03 ± 0.39 and 1.42 ± 0.20 ng/ml. The accumulation indexes for SA and DHSA were 1.21 and 1.11. The work reported here provides important information on the metabolism sites and pharmacokinetic character of SA. It explains the reasons for low toxicity of SA, which is useful for the evaluation of its performance.     

Chlortetracycline in swine-bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in fasted and fed pigs

Chlortetracycline hydrochloride was administered intra-arterially (11 mg/kg) and as an oral drench (33 mg/kg) to ten 21.0-31.5-kg pigs. Five of the pigs were fasted 18 h prior to dosing and five of the pigs were fed ad libitum prior to dosing. The mean volume of distribution determined by area-under-the-curve calculations for the fasted pigs (0.967 +/- 0.210 l/kg) was significantly less (P less than 0.05) than the mean volume of distribution for the fed pigs (1.39 +/- 0.31 l/kg). Mean total body clearance of the drug was also significantly less (P less than 0.05) in the fasted pigs (0.165 +/- 0.055 l/kg/h) as compared to the fed pigs (0.307 +/- 0.053 l/kg/h). The elimination constants (beta) were not found to be statistically different (P less than 0.05): 0.1811 +/- 0.0057 for the fasted pigs; 0.2260 +/- 0.0461 for the fed pigs. The bioavailability for both groups was similar; 19.12 +/- 8.3% for the fasted pigs and 17.88 +/- 5.3% for the fed pigs. In a second experiment three groups of six pigs which weighed 34.5-44.1 kg were fed a corn-soy diet ad libitum. The rations were fortified with chlortetracycline at 100, 400 or 1000 mg chlortetracycline hydrochloride/kg feed. Chlortetracycline concentrations were determined in plasma samples collected over a 6-day period. Plasma chlortetracycline concentrations reach a plateau within 24 h after initial access to the trial diets and were highly correlated with the dose of the drug consumed (r2 = 0.97).     

2005年国内蛋、肉鸡市场分析回顾及2006年走势预测

2005年如果没有年底的禽流感疫情,对于我国蛋鸡、肉鸡生产来说应该是一个非常完美的丰收年,是哪些因素导致了2005年蛋鸡市场如此好的行情?2006年我国家禽市场又将走向何方?……作者对以上热点问题进行了深入分析研究,供读者参考。     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin-G in ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation

Concentrations of penicillin-G in serum were determined after single intravenous doses of potassium penicillin-G (10 mg/kg body wt) to ewes and cows in late pregnancy and in early lactation. Penicillin-G in serum was analysed by a microbiological method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by model-independent methods. Serum concentrations were lower in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. The differences were statistically significant at most sampling times in ewes but only during the first hour in cows.
Weight corrected values of clearance and volume of distribution were significantly higher in early lactation than in late pregnancy in both ewes and cows. Mean residence time and elimination-half life were shorter in lactating than in pregnant ewes, however for the latter parameter the difference was not statistically significant. Neither of these parameters changed in cows.
It is concluded that in both ewes and cows pharmacokinetic parameters of penicillin-G are altered from late pregnancy to early lactation but that these changes have little practical impact and do not call for a revised dosage regime of the studied drug.     

Housing of dogs and cats in shelters and kennels in Switzerland

The study deals with the situation regarding housing of dogs and cats in Swiss shelters and kennels. In shelters, dogs were mainly held inside a cubicle with a small outside yard. In kennels, housing of dogs took place mainly in inside rooms. Usually two or three dogs were kept together. Cats were held in rooms, with or without outside yards, mainly in groups; no establishment preferred exclusively the housing in cubicles. Shelters received on average 183 dogs and 262 cats each year. Among them, about a third were lost animals while the remaining ones were relinquished. The study highlights some possibilities for improvements and the great diversity of the establishments regarding their size, infrastructure, housing conditions and aims.     

Salmonellae and Campylobacters in Household and Stray Dogs in Northern Taiwan

Rectal swabs were collected from 437 household and 491 stray dogs in northern Taiwan from May 2003 to June 2005 to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of salmonellae and campylobacters. The results revealed that 2.1% of household dogs and 6.3% of stray dogs were positive for salmonellae, with Salmonella Duesseldorf being the most dominant serotype in both. Additionally, 2.7% of the household dogs and 23.8% of the stray dogs were positive for campylobacters. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species (86.8%), followed by C. upsaliensis (9.3%) and C. coli (3.9%). Both salmonella and campylobacter isolation rates from the stray dogs were significantly higher than those from the household dogs (p < 0.01). The susceptibility of 33 C. jejuni isolates to eight antimicrobials was studied by the E-test. A high rate of resistance was observed to azithromycin (93.9%), clindamycin (87.9%), erythromycin (81.8%), tetracycline (78.8%), chloramphenicol (69.7%), nalidixic acid (51.5%), gentamicin (33.3%), and ciprofloxacin (18.2%). The susceptibility of 40 Salmonella isolates to 15 antimicrobials was also studied by the disc-diffusion method. All the Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Resistance was observed most frequently to tetracycline (77.5%), chloramphenicol (52.5%), and ampicillin (50%).