日光温室土壤次生盐渍化状况及有机肥腐熟度的影响

研究了0~80 cm日光温室土壤次生盐渍化状况及施用腐熟和不腐熟度有机肥对土壤盐分的影响。主要结果为:0~20 cm菜地EC比相邻粮田增加了2.3倍,K+和NO3-分别增加了10.8倍和8.3倍,Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-、Cl-增加了0.9~1.3倍,HCO3-无显著变化。随土壤深度的增加,菜地EC及各盐分离子含量逐渐降低。增施化肥使土壤EC及K+、NO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-含量等均显著增加,HCO3-含量明显降低;施用腐熟有机肥显著增加土壤EC;低量化肥与腐熟有机肥配施显著增加土壤NO3-;中量和高量化肥与腐熟有机肥配施显著降低土壤NO3-;化肥与不腐熟有机肥配施显著降低土壤EC和NO3-。     

Effects of Imidapril on Venous Blood Gas Values in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Ambient Temperature

ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the effects of imidapril on blood gas parameters in broiler chickens. MethodTwenty-four chickens were randomly divided into three groups (n=8), control group, low temperature group and imidapril group. Chickens in low temperature group and imidapril group were exposed to low ambient temperature (12-18 ℃) from age at 14 d to 45 d, whereas the control group was exposed to 24-30 ℃; chickens in imidapril group were gavaged with imidapril (3 mg/kg) once daily for 30 d. At age of 45 d, blood was taken from wing vein and blood gas parameters were evaluated by blood gas analyzer in Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University. ResultImidapril significantly increased hematocrit (HCT) and total hemoglobin content (T HBC ) and blood Na concentration in broiler chickens exposed to low ambient temperature. No significant differences were observed in pH, P CO 2 , P O 2 , K + , Ca 2+ , HCO 3-, HCO 3std , T CO 2 , BE and SO 2c . ConclusionImidapril increases hematocrit, total hemoglobin content and blood Na + concentration in chickens exposed to low ambient temperature.     

The Effects of the Chemical Components of Soil Salinity on Electrical Conductivity in the Region of the Delta Oasis of Weigan and Kuqa Rivers, China

In order to assess the effects of chemical properties of soil salinity on electrical conductivity of 1：5 soil/water extract （EC1：5）, the study focused on revealing the main chemical factors contributing to EC of soil extracts and their relative importance. The relationship between EC1：5 and the chemical properties of soil salinity in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers, China, were studied using path coefficient analysis, a path analysis method. We studied each key element affecting EC1：5 either directly or indirectly. The results obtained show that the salt content, total dissolved solids （TDS）, and the sum of the sodium ion concentration and the kalium ion concentration are the most influential factors on 1：5 soil/ water extract （EC1：5） in the 0-10 cm and the 30-50 cm soil layer. The results show that the sequence of direct path coefficients in the 0-10 cm and the 30-50 cm soil layers on soil conductivity is TDS→Na^＋ ＋ K^＋→Salt content→Ca^2＋→Cl-→the sodium dianion ratio （SDR）→pH→ SO4^2-→HCO3^-→Mg^2＋→the soluble sodium percentage （SSP） sodium absorption ratio （SAR） and TDS→Salt content→Na^＋ ＋ K^＋→Ca^2＋→SDR→Mg^2＋→HCO3^-→SSP→pH→SO4^2-→SAR→Cl^-. The salt content, chlorine ion, and SAR are the main factors affecting 1：5 soil/water extract （EC1：5） in the 10-30 centimeter soil layer. The order of direct path coefficients result is as follows： Salt content→Cl^-→SAR→SSP→TDS→Ca^2＋→Mg^2＋= SO4^2-→HCO3^-→pH→SDR→Na^- ＋ K^＋. Moreover, the effects of HCO3^-, pH were very weak. Though the direct path coefficients between EC1：5 and SAR, SO4^2- and Ca^2＋ were not high, influence of other chemical factors caused the coefficients to increase, making the summation of their direct and indirect path coefficients relatively high. The models of the different soil layers were structured separately. Evidences showed that multiple regression relations between EC1：5 and most of the primary factors had sound reliability and very good accuracy. The research results can serve as a reference to the scientific management amelioration and utilization of saline in the Delta Oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers.     

卤虫培育池水质变化规律研究

为研究卤虫培育池生态系统,对主施鸡粪和投喂精面粉的3个不同放养密度的卤虫培育池水质变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:盐度,pH呈上升趋势;Cl-,Na++K+,HCO3-,CO32-,ALK,总氮和总磷的浓度也呈上升趋势,特别是Cl-,Na++K+的质量浓度试验前后相差3 000 mg/L以上.SO42-的质量浓度呈下降趋势.TH,Ca2+,Mg2+的质量浓度无明显变化,试验前后基本平衡.温度,pH,溶解氧浓度的昼夜变化明显,其昼夜差分别为10 ℃,0.5,1 mg/L.总氮质量浓度/总磷质量浓度>100.从限制性营养盐来看属于磷限制     

茂兰喀斯特山区不同土地利用方式下浅层地下水化学组成的变化

通过对贵州省荔波县茂兰喀斯特山区不同土地利用方式下(阔叶林区、农业区、城镇居民区)的浅层地下水进行调查和采样分析,探讨茂兰喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式下浅层地下水化学组成的变化.结果表明,茂兰喀斯特山区林地地下水离子主要为HCO3-、SO42- 、Ca2+、Mg2+ ,其分别占离子总量的66.77%、9.68%、17.38%、5.46% .从林地-农用地-城镇居民地的变化过程中,NH4+ 、NO3-、SO42-、Cl-、PO43-浓度出现显著增加,Ca2+、HCO3-占离子总量的百分数呈明显的下降,而SO42- 占离子总量的百分数则出现明显的上升.     

Study on the Absorption Spectra and Stability of Theaflavin Pigment

Theaflavin(TF) was extracted and purified from black broken tea. The purified TF possessed an absorption peak at the 363nm wavelength, and the solutions of TF remained stable under the conditions of pH3-6, below 80℃ within 60 minutes, as well as in 1%-4% Vc and 0.05-0.5mmol/L Na2SO3 solutions. Fading occurred in 0.05mol/L H2O2 solution.     

设施蔬菜水旱轮作前后耕作层土壤盐分和pH值的变化

选取江苏省张家港市设施连作5年、土壤盐渍化严重的田块,研究了设施水旱轮作前后耕作层土壤盐分及pH值的变化。结果表明:设施水旱轮作后耕作层土壤电导率(EC)降低了70.3%;NO3-、SO42-、Cl-含量分别下降了61.5%、52.3%、82.1%,HCO3-含量上升;Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+含量分别下降了49.4%、69.6%、66.7%、79.5%;土壤pH值上升了0.37。说明设施水旱轮作可明显降低土壤盐分含量,缓解土壤酸化,水旱轮作对治理设施土壤盐渍化及土壤酸化具有明显效果。     

Effects of Elemental Sulphur and Farmyard Manure on pH and Salinity of Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil and Some Nutrient Elements in Tomato Plant

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil pH, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sulphur was applied at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg kg~ and farmyard manure at 0, 3 ton da^-1 to the soil. Three weeks after applications, tomato seedlings were planted and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested to determine N, S, P concentrations and dry matter yield. Soil pH and EC were determined in the soil samples taken at 3 different periods. Effects of sulphur and farmyard manure applications were not significant on N, P concentrations and dry matter yield of tomato plant. S concentration of tomato plant was increased by sulphur alone. Soil pH was decreased and soil EC was increased in both 2^nd and 3^rd soil sampling period by the sulphur applications. As a result of farmyard manure application, soil pH decreased in the 2^nd soil sampling period but increased in the 3^rd soil sampling period. Also, soil EC was significantly increased in 1^st and 3^rd soil sampling period. Farmyard manure had no significant effect on S supply to tomato plant. The N：S ratio of tomato plant was decreased by sulphur alone. However, the sulphur with farmyard manure applications decreased N：S ratio in lesser extend compared to the S applications.     

盐胁迫对黄瓜种子萌发的影响

以山东不同种植年限设施黄瓜土壤为对象,研究并分析了土壤盐渍化状况,结果表明:所测设施土壤全盐含量为2.612 g/kg,分别是露地菜田土、大田土盐分含量的2.67倍和3.35倍;盐分离子组成主要以Mg2+、Ca2+、SO42-和NO3–为主,Mg2+、Ca2+和NO3-的大量存在可能是造成土壤盐渍化和影响黄瓜生长的主要原因。在此基础上研究了K2SO4、MgSO4、Mg(NO3)2、Ca(NO3)2、CaCl2和MgCl26种不同盐及其5种盐浓度对黄瓜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:在所选的6种盐中Mg(NO3)2对种子的损伤作用最大,其次是Ca(NO3)2,MgSO4的影响最小。种子发芽势、发芽率、相对发芽率和发芽指数都随着盐浓度的升高而降低,种子相对伤害率随着盐浓度的升高而增大,在浓度100 mmol/L时达到显著水平。     

陕西“二华”地区浅层地下水水化学特征及水质评价研究

【目的】对陕西华县、华阴(简称"二华")地区地下水的水化学成分空间分布特征及水质进行研究,为保护和改良该地区地下水的水质提供指导。【方法】于2008-11在"二华"地区采集具有代表性的27个地下水水样,对水样中的Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-、Cl-、SO24-、CO32-、NO3-N、CODMn、Cr6+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、总硬度、总溶解固体(TDS)含量和pH值进行分析测定,在此基础上,通过水化学分析软件AquaChem V4.0及水质综合指数评价法,对"二华"地区地下水水化学特征及水质级别进行分析与评价。【结果】陕西"二华"地区浅层地下水水化学类型变化按地下水补给→径流→排泄变化依次从HCO3.SO4-Ca.Mg型经SO4.HCO3-Na.Ca型过渡到SO4.Cl-Na型;研究区内水质良好水样占25.0%,水质较差水样占54.2%,水质极差水样占20.8%。【结论】陕西"二华"地区浅层地下水接受秦岭山前地下水的补给,地下水从南向北流向渭河,其沿岸地下水接受渭河河水的侧向补给,河水水质对沿岸地下水的水质有直接影响。     

地下水污染及其防治措施的分析

本文分析了地下水污染的现状和趋势，研究了当前的防治措施。     

地下水硝酸盐氮污染防治研究

采用室内土柱实验法,研究了向土壤中掺入活性炭纤维对地下水硝酸盐氮污染的防治效果。结果表明,将活性炭纤维掺入土壤中,可以强化土壤反硝化作用,防止硝酸盐氮对地下水的污染。这种防治技术简单、有效,并且能增加土壤的肥力和保墒能力。环境效益和经济效益皆佳。     

山西省地下水超采区范围的复核划分

为了查清新时期地下水超采状况,强化地下水管理与保护,山西省目前开展了地下水超采区复核划分工作,主要采用水位动态法、开采系数法和诱发问题法。划分结果表明,部分孔隙水超采区在采取关井压采等措施后,其超采局面得到扭转,但未采取措施的超采区却有加重之势。因此建议尽快完成禁采和限采区的划分,制定超采区监管对策,实施最严格水资源管理制度,以逐步改善我省水生态环境。     

Neuman配线法在地下水计算中的应用

以Neuman配线法为例,对在地下水计算过程中含水层的参数进行了推求,以期为地下水的计算提供参考。     

2014年赤峰市地下水位监测评估分析

概述了2014年度赤峰市气候特点,并对2014年度该市地下水位变化进行分析.结果表明,2014年赤峰地区气温偏高,光照正常,降水偏少,平均地下水位呈下降趋势,地下水位平均值为14.74 m,较2013年平均下降0.49 m,翁旗下降最多,为1.70m,仅敖汉旗较2013年上升了0.08 m,其余地区下降了0.12～0.84 m.针对赤峰市气候特点,地下水位正在逐年下降,建议各地区积极采取相应措施,因地制宜、开源节流、合理利用和保护地下水资源.     

呼和浩特地区2010年地下水位特征评述

2010年地下水位监测结果表明：呼和浩特市地区地下水位的变化总体呈春夏季变化大,秋冬季相对平稳的变化特点。地下水位与2009年相比均有所下降,下降幅度呼和浩特市市区、武川县明显高于2009年,托县略高,其余地区略低。年内呼和浩特市城郊地下水位降幅最大,清水河县降幅最小。     

海南省三大河流及地下水硝酸盐含量调查分析

通过调查分析海南省三大河流及地下水硝酸盐的含量,结果表明:三大河流水体的硝酸盐含量比较低,受硝酸盐的污染程度较低。其中,硝酸盐平均含量以万泉河流域及地下水水体中最低,分别为0.7560mg/L和0.1900mg/L;南渡江流域及地下水水体中的硝酸盐含量最高,分别为1.6500mg/L和1.0300mg/L;总体上河流水体中硝酸盐的含量比地下水中的硝酸盐含量高,且极显著相关,r**=0.626;从变异情况看,地下水的变化比较小,河流水体的硝酸盐含量变异程度则较大,其中以万泉河水体变异最大,达147%。     

沈阳市地下水可持续利用研究

介绍了沈阳市地下水开发利用现状,分析了问题产生的原因,并提出了一些地下水资源可持续开发利用的对策。     

采煤沉陷区浅层地下水中的营养盐时空分布

以淮南潘一、潘三矿采煤沉陷区(开放型沉陷区)和后湖采煤沉陷区(封闭型沉陷区)为研究区域,通过对沉陷区浅层地下水中氮、磷等营养盐指标的监测,研究了两种类型采煤沉陷积水区浅层地下水中营养元素的时空分布特征,采用相关性分析初步研究了不同类型沉陷区营养盐的迁移特征,同时分析了营养盐的限制性组成。结果表明,NH_3-N年内时间差异性较小,整体呈开放型浅层地下水(KD)封闭型浅层地下水(FD);NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N和凯氏氮年内空间差异性较小,时间差异性较大,丰水期低于平枯水期;总氮年内时空差异性均较小,基本呈FDKD。PO_4~(3-)和总磷年内时间差异性较大,溶解性总磷年内时空差异性较小。开放型沉陷区浅层地下水内各营养盐指标的相关性更强,封闭型沉陷区浅层地下水中磷的污染风险更大。     

Tritium Distribution in Ground Water around Large Underground Fusion Explosions

Tritium will be released in significant amounts from large underground nuclear fusion explosions in the Plowshare Program. The tritium could become highly concentrated in nearby ground waters, and could be of equal or more importance as a possible contaminant than other long-lived fission-product and induced radionuclides. Behavior of tritiated water in particular hydrologic and geologic environments, as illustrated by hypothetical explosions in dolomite and tuff, must be carefully evaluated to predict under what conditions high groundwater concentrations of tritium might occur.