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一个稳定的质一核型甜菜雄性不育系,在用另一个非亲缘保持系予以授粉后,其F_1是否还能继续保持原有的不育率和不育性状,也就是说甜菜的保持系是否具有通用性,不仅涉及雄性不育的遗传机理,而且有着重要的实践意义。因而,国外对甜菜保持系的通用性问题作过不少研究。Owen在食用甜菜和饲料甜菜中发现的不育细胞质有着和他发现的糖甜菜不育细胞质同样的效用,并育成了一个食用甜菜杂交种。后来在荷兰、日本、匈牙利.苏联等国发现的质一核型甜菜不育的新源,都和Owen最初发现的原品系相似。然而,Savitsky曾报道过分离了几个胞质源,各自对不育性有着不同的 相似文献
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栽培甜菜带有白花甜菜染色体的单体附加系系列 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过栽培甜菜与白花甜菜种间杂交获真实杂种VC88-1(VVCC,2n=36),周栽培甜菜回交产生异源三倍体甜菜(VVC,2n=27),进一步用栽培甜菜回交,后代分离出带有白花甜菜染色全的栽培甜菜单体附加系完整系列(VV 1~9,2n=19)。从形态上将9种单体附加系区分为莴苣型、匍匐型、大叶型、多叶型、小叶抽薹型、长叶型、玻璃型、卷叶型及栽培型。细胞学上构成单体附加系有丝分裂中期染色体核型,测量出外加染色体长度与栽培甜菜最长染色体长度的比值(简称染色体比值),用以鉴别单体附加系类型,此比例变化在1.224~0.96之间,白花甜菜染色体是比较长的。将形态学鉴定和细胞学上的染色体鉴定结合起来,构成带有白花甜菜染色体的宝整的栽培甜菜单体附加系系列。 相似文献
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根据甜菜在黑龙江省适应性广、抗逆性强的特点和市场发展趋势,建议开发多产业:(1)恢复甜菜糖业,再创辉煌;(2)发展能源甜菜,生产生物燃料,填补国内空白;(3)扩大食用甜菜种植,保健防癌。并对甜菜产业综合效益进行分析,提出发展甜菜产业的对策。 相似文献
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自甜菜质核互作型雄性不育现象发现后,各国学者对其不育机理,从遗传学、细胞生物学、生物化学方面做了大量研究工作。细川定治发现不育甜菜氨基酸组成中缺少脯氨酸,而丙氨酸却比保持系含量高,在形态学上Arsthwager发现毡绒层的不正常是甜菜雄性不育的原因。这些研究成果加深了我们对甜菜雄性不育的认识。本试验作为甜菜雄性不育研究的一部分,目的在于利用聚丙烯酰胺电泳法,研究不育系与保持系之间过氧化物酶同工酶的关系,为探讨甜菜雄性不育产生原因积累资料。 相似文献
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海伦市是黑龙江省甜菜主产区之一,几十年来为我省制糖工业的发展做出了很大贡献.但从生产实际看还存在很多问题,主要表现在单产不高、总产不稳.分析其主要原因有:一是政策不稳定,粮糖比价不合理,农民种甜菜的积极性不高;二是发展甜菜生产的有关政策得不到真正落实和兑现;三是对甜菜生产的一些服务性工作做的还不够;四是栽培技术水平低.如耕作粗放、投入少、保苗不足、病虫害严重等.为扭转以上局面,发展甜菜生产,必须搞好系列化服务工作.一、做好甜菜的产前、产中服务工作,为夺取丰收打下基础.1.投放丰产型优良 相似文献
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甜菜当年抽薹开花诱导技术在育种上的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对不同类型甜菜品系及不同苗龄幼苗光温诱导敏感性进行了研究。结果表明:不同类型甜菜品系、不同苗龄的幼苗均表现出随着光温诱导时间的延长,其抽薹率、开花率和结实率均有提高;但不同类型品系之间对光温诱导的敏感性存在着较明显的差异,同一品系幼苗的不同苗龄间也存在着一定的差异。饲料甜菜品系HSLTC在诱导80d以前各期的抽薹率明显高于糖甜菜品系DP10,但其开花率和结实率在各诱导时期均明显低于DP10。随着诱导时间的延长,各品系的抽薹率、开花率和结实率有所递增,糖甜菜幼苗的光温诱导时间以110d左右为宜,饲料甜菜应不少于130d。 相似文献
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饲用甜菜新品种"甜饲1号"的选育及应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
“甜饲1号”(育种代号LC-1)由甘肃省农业科学院经济作物研究所利用地方品种资源,采用系统选择法育成。2000年12月通过甘肃省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名。该品种具有经济产量高,品质好,抗甜菜黄化毒病和白粉病,适应性广等特点。在水肥、热量条件较好的情况下,根产量最高可达183.0t/hm2,茎叶产量达到220.5t/hm2,经济产量可达403.5t/hm2;根体干物质含量11.87%,干物质中蛋白质含量为13.73%,含糖率为6.5% ̄6.7%。饲喂试验表明,根和茎叶适口性均较好,是奶牛、羊、猪等家畜非常喜爱的饲料。2001~2005年在甘肃省中、东部地区以及内蒙、宁夏、新疆、西藏部分地区大面积推广种植。 相似文献
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B. Keogh† P. French T. McGrath T. Storey† F. J. Mulligan† 《Grass and Forage Science》2009,64(3):292-303
Sixty multiparous, Holstein–Friesian pregnant dry dairy cows were allocated to three forage treatments ( n = 20; fodder beet, kale or grass silage) at two feeding allowances ( n = 30; high and low) for 70 (s.e. of mean, 16) d before parturition. Cows offered the high feeding allowance were offered 9 kg of dry matter (DM) of kale or fodder beet grazed in situ plus 5 kg DM of baled grass silage daily or clamp grass silage ad libitum offered indoors. Cows offered the low feeding allowance were offered 6 kg DM of kale or fodder beet grazed in situ plus 3·5 kg DM baled grass silage daily, or 9·5 kg DM of clamp grass silage daily offered indoors. After calving, all cows received a daily allowance of 14 kg DM perennial ryegrass herbage at pasture plus 4 kg concentrate cow−1 for the first 35 d of lactation. Cows offered grass silage had a greater increase in body condition score pre-partum compared to those offered kale or fodder beet. Cows offered fodder beet pre-partum had a greater milk solid and solids-corrected milk yield in the first 35 d of lactation than those offered kale and grass silage pre-partum. Offering fodder beet and kale pre-partum increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations pre-partum relative to offering grass silage. Offering kale pre-partum resulted in higher insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration post-partum but lower plasma copper concentration pre-partum and at calving than kale or grass silage. Offering the higher forage allowance pre-partum resulted in a higher plasma calcium concentration at calving and higher plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentration post-partum. 相似文献
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甜菜氮肥的合理施用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
综述文献关于氮肥对甜菜的生长、吸收分配规律、生理生化及产质量的影响可知,甜菜生长需要多种营养元素,其中氮素尤为重要,不合理施用氮肥对甜菜的产质量带来很多负面影响;造成资源浪费、环境污染,影响人类健康。提出合理施氮、用氮的途径与策略:第一,因地、因品种、因时制宜,根据测土资料及不同甜菜基因型差异确定施肥种类、配比;根据作物不同生长时期的需肥规律及不同生态条件需要,按需供肥。第二,肥要在水的作用下才能发挥作用、才能更好发挥作用,区域配肥技术与灌溉技术相结合的水肥一体化精准精细灌水施肥技术是甜菜生产高效用肥的必然发展趋势。第三,作物不同养分间具有协同和相互影响作用,因此根据同等重要原则应有机配比。第四,为了提高肥效及利用率,施用缓控释肥,有机无机肥配施,施用微生物肥、生态肥等发挥微生物的促进、协同作用。第五,常规育种与转基因技术结合培育氮素养分高效利用品种。第六,利用现代监测技术手段及应用甜菜生长模型尤其是CERES-Beet模型监测氮等养分的转化、吸收等动态。 相似文献
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D. J. ROBERTS 《Grass and Forage Science》1987,42(4):391-395
In a 16-week winter feeding experiment, 48 autumn calving cows and heifers were used to compare a control diet, with two diets including fodder beet at a low and a high level. The control diet was ad libitum silage and 6 kg d-1 of concentrates (13.4 MJ (kg DM)-1 of ME and 197 g (kg DM)-1 of CP). The cows offered fodder beet were fed the control diet (C) plus fodder beet at either 2 (L) or 4 (H) kg DM d-1 . Soya bean meal was offered with the fodder beet at 0.5 or 1.0 kg d-1 for diets L and H, respectively.
Total dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes were 15.2,16.4 and 17.3 kg DM d-1 ; 177, 195 and 211 MJ d-1 for treatments C, L and H, respectively. The mean milk yields were not significantly affected by the feeding of fodder beet. There was a significant improvement in the fat and protein content of the milk and yield of constituents. The milk composition and yield of solids were: fat content 42.3,44.2 and 45.9 (s.e.d. 1.25) g kg-1 ; protein content 33.0, 34.5, 35.3 (s.e.d. 0.76) g kg-1 ; fat yield 964,1027,1095(s.e.d. 63.2); protein yield 757, 801, 841 (s.e.d. 48.8) for treatments C, L and H, respectively. The treatments had no significant effect on live weight or condition score change. 相似文献
Total dry matter and metabolizable energy intakes were 15.2,16.4 and 17.3 kg DM d
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黄河河套灌溉区发展甜菜生产的对策 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
针对甜菜生产存在的问题,提出甜菜高产(60t/hm^2),高糖(16.5%)的技术措施:占用饲料地种植甜菜,解决争地矛盾;建设甜菜产业化基地,实现工农双赢;实行科学种田,实现甜菜“三高”;实行甜菜生产机械化,提高劳动生产力;典型引路,实行“一帮一”科技示范。 相似文献
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H. R. Livingston 《Grass and Forage Science》1960,15(3):231-234
Four East Lothian farms, two growing silage and two roots (swedes) for winter keep of beef cattle were studied in detail. The yields of all crops grown for winter keep and the output of each crop in terms of pounds starch equivalent per acre were measured. The following are the main conclusions reached:
The output per acre from roots was approximately twice that from silage.
Output per acre from hay was lower than from any other fodder crop.
The output per acre from all fodder crops, taken together, was very similar on all four farms. This was because the farms growing swedes grew a proportionately larger acreage of hay than did the silage farms.
The yield of starch equivalent per acre from sugar beet tops was approximately half that from swedes. 相似文献
The output per acre from roots was approximately twice that from silage.
Output per acre from hay was lower than from any other fodder crop.
The output per acre from all fodder crops, taken together, was very similar on all four farms. This was because the farms growing swedes grew a proportionately larger acreage of hay than did the silage farms.
The yield of starch equivalent per acre from sugar beet tops was approximately half that from swedes. 相似文献