类姜黄素化合物的合成和药理活性的研究进展

姜黄素是一种具有二苯烯酮结构的类黄酮类化合物,是姜黄属植物姜黄发挥其药理活性的重要组成部分,是目前备受关注的天然多靶点药物之一。本文整理了国内外有于姜黄素的报道,对姜黄素的合成方法、药理作用做了相应论述。姜黄素有很多的药理作用,如抗炎作用、抗微生物作用、抗肿瘤作用、抗氧化作用等。本文结合了国内外的文献,对类姜黄素的合成及药理活性方面做了较全面的介绍,为该类物质今后进一步研究作为参考。     

大豆皂苷的生理功能及其提取纯化的研究现状

对大豆皂苷的化学组成、理化性质、生理功能、药用价值、提取纯化的研究现状及应用前景等几个方面进行了综述.大豆皂苷是一种具有药疗食养双重效果的天然生物活性物质,具有对人体有益的多种功能和良好药理作用.除用作药物外.大豆皂苷还可以作为高级化妆品、食品添加剂和表面活性剂应用于化学工业,揭示了大豆皂苷广阔的市场开发潜力和社会应用价值.     

人参化学成分与药理作用研究新进展

人参是一种药用价值很高的中药材,在我国的传统中医诊疗应用方面源远流长,最早作为上品药材被记录于《神农本草经》,可以"轻身益气、延年不老"。随着时代进步,科技水平得到很大提高,多种现代分离技术对人参所含有的化学成分的研究取得重大成果。通过查阅国内外对于人参中含有的化学成分及其药理作用的研究资料,本文对其中含有的多种有效成分,以及抗疲劳、抗氧化、抗衰老和提高免疫力等药理作用进行概述,旨在推动人参药理作用研究的深入发展,并为其他方面的人参研究提供参考。     

水稻根系泌氧特性及其影响因素

水稻根系泌氧特性对水稻生长发育具有重要作用。综述了水稻根系泌氧原理、水稻根系泌氧对水稻生长发育的影响,及影响水稻根系泌氧能力的因素。介绍了水稻根系通气组织与水稻根系泌氧能力关系的最新研究进展,讨论了水稻根系泌氧研究存在的问题。     

甘蓝型油菜病原核盘菌菌核的结构观察

对菌核结构的详细研究有利于了解菌核超强的抗逆能力和开发防治菌核病的新方法。通过电镜扫描观察油菜核盘菌菌核的结构,结果表明,菌核可以分为3层：外表皮、皮层和髓部。外表皮最外层是菌丝体交织成的网状结构,这层菌丝体网覆盖在大小不同的凸面体上,不同大小的凸面体交错排列,与菌丝体网一起形成菌核的外表;皮层在外表皮下面,是由与外表皮平行生长的菌丝体紧密排列而成;髓部是由变形膨大的菌丝体构成的疏松蜂窝状结构,类似植物的储藏组织。     

水稻根系泌氧对水稻土磷素化学行为的影响

通过模拟试验研究了水稻根系泌氧作用对水稻土磷素化学行为以及水稻吸磷的影响。淹水极显著地增加土壤对磷的吸附,降低磷的解吸。而模拟的水稻泌氧作用则可明显降低土壤对磷的吸附,增加根际土壤的磷解吸和离子交换树脂对磷的吸收量。因此,水稻根系的泌氧作用应该是水稻在淹水明显降低土壤磷有效性情况下能正常从土壤获取磷的重要机制之一。淹水导致土壤磷有效性降低与淹水引起土壤磷组分转化有关。淹水2周,经富磷预处理而增加的Al-P组分,几乎全被转化为Fe-P。     

新媒体视觉下茶文化的装饰性研究

茶文化的装饰性研究是基于在新时代下的新媒体视觉设计,茶文化的装饰特点及传统元素的推广和应用,更具数码化、时效性、互动性等特征。茶文化作为中华民族悠久的文明和礼仪,是我国文化内涵的一种具体表现,茶文化的精神内涵是具有鲜明中国文化特征的一种文化现象。茶文化虽以茶为载体,除沏茶、敬茶、品茶这一过程外,还通过其茶文化元素的装饰性来传播艺术。     

茶文化“大爱”精神探究

茶文化精神是以茶作为载体、媒介,呈现出神话中人,道士、儒者、僧侣、政治家、科学家的精神,不同人群通过茶叶种植、加工、品饮、传播过程中,展现出的非物质化的体验,茶人都表现出"爱"的精神,造福人类。研究不同代表的茶文化精神可以促进茶文化发展,丰富现代人的精神世界。     

基于中药黄芩的药对配伍研究进展

国内外学者通过对中药黄芩研究,发现黄芩具有很多药理作用,对糖尿病、内毒素血症、鼻窦炎均有疗效。药对是复方中一种比较固定的最小组方单位,两味中药配伍,不但可以提高疗效,还能减少毒性和副作用。近年来许多学者对黄芩的药对配伍进行了广泛研究。本文对黄芩的药理作用、黄芩药对配伍的化学成分变化及黄芩药对配伍的提取工艺等进行综述和总结,为以后的研究提供参考依据和理论基础。     

大豆gma-miR1508a靶基因鉴定及植物表达载体构建

MicroRNAs是内源的非编码小RNA分子,在植物生长、发育和逆境响应过程中具有重要的调控功能。本研究采用5'RLM-RACE方法鉴定了大豆gma-miR1508a的1个靶基因Glyma16g27800。为了构建gma-miR1508a的过表达载体,使用烟草花叶病毒组成型启动子35S控制gma-miR1508a的过表达,采用PCR方法从大豆基因组DNA中扩增了101 bp含有折回结构的前体序列,扩增片段被亚克隆至p CAMBIA3301载体中,PCR和测序结果表明gma-miR1508a植物表达载体构建成功。     

Curcumin,a Compound from Natural Sources,a True Scientific Challenge – A Review

Curcumin, a plant-derived polyphenolic compound, naturally present in turmeric (Curcuma longa), has been the subject of intensive investigations on account of its various activities. The implementation of safe, beneficial and highly functional compounds from natural sources in human nutrition/prevention/therapy requires some modifications in order to achieve their multi-functionality, improve their bioavailability and delivery strategies, with the main aim to enhance their effectiveness. The low aqueous solubility of curcumin, its rapid metabolism and elimination from the body, and consequently, poor bioavailability, constitute major obstacles to its application. The main objectives of this review are related to reported strategies to overcome these limitations and, thereby, improve the solubility, stability and bioavailability of curcumin. The effectiveness of curcumin could be greatly improved by using nanoparticle-based carriers. The significance of the quality of a substance delivery system is reflected in the fact that carrying curcumin as a food additive/nutrition also means carrying the active biological product/drug. This review summarizes the state of the art, and highlights some examples and the most significant advances in the field of curcumin research.     

Preparation and blood compatibility of electrospun PLA/curcumin composite membranes

In this article, curcumin-loaded electrospun Polylactic acid (PLA) composite membranes were prepared. Curcumin with different concentrations (1, 3 and 5 wt%) was loaded to the PLA membranes to study its anticoagulant property as a drug-eluting stent. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the prepared membranes indicates that PLA and curcumin mix together well through the method of electrospinning and the composite membrane has larger crystallinity than that of PLA membrane. The in vitro blood compatibility of curcumin-eluting stents was investigated by static platelet adhesion and blood coagulation time (APTT and PT) tests, revealing that the blood compatibility of composite membranes is superior to the pure PLA membrane, and the blood compatibility significantly improves with curcumin concentration increasing by dint of observing SEM images and calculating the inhibition rate of platelet aggregation. Moreover, PLA/curcumin membrane can effectively prolong the blood coagulation time compared with the plasma, and the blood coagulation time of composite membranes improves significantly as curcumin concentration increasing.     

The effect of curcumin (active substance of turmeric) on the acetic acid-induced visceral nociception in rats

In the present study, the effect of chronic oral administration of curcumin in the presence or absence of morphine and noloxone was investigated on the visceral nociception induced by acetic acid in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (1 mL, 2%) produced contractions in the abdominal musculature (writhes). The latency time to the beginning of the first writhe was measured and the total number of writhes in the 1 h after acetic acid injection was counted. The latency time to the beginning of the first writhe was significantly (p < 0.05) increased and the number of writhes was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by curcumin (20 and 40 mg kg(-1) body weight). The same results were obtained after subcutaneous injection of morphine (1 mg kg(-1) b.wt.). Naloxone at the dose of 1 mg kg(-1) body weight had no effect on pain intensity. Curcumin significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the effect of morphine on the visceral pain responses, however did not reverse the effect of naloxone. Present data suggest that in the acetic acid-induced visceral nociception of rats, curcumin may produce an antinociceptive effect and the endogenous analgesic opioid system is involved in the curcumin-induced antinociception.     

Chemopreventive activity of sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) from yacon against TPA-induced Raji cells deformation

Yacon is a medicinal plant used as a traditional medicine by the natives in South America. In Japan, it becomes popular as a health food. Sesquiterpene Lactones (SLs) from yacon leaves were investigated and the active SLs such as enhydrin, uvedalin and sonchifolin, bearing alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone and epoxides as the active functional groups, were identified by 1H-6000 MHz-NMR. Chemopreventive and cytotoxic activities were determined using different primary screening methods. In this study, all tested SLs strongly inhibited TPA-induced deformed of Raji cells. The IC50 values of yacon SLs from anti-deforming assay were 0.04-0.4 microM. Interestingly, yacon SLs showed more potential of chemo preventive activity than both curcumin and parthenolide. However, the cytotoxicity on Raji cells was observed at high concentration of yacon SLs. The degree of anti-deformation was ranked in order: enhydrin >uvedalin >sonchifolin >parthenolide >curcumin. As according to structure-activity relationship, the high activities of enhydrin, uvedalin and sonchifolin may be due to the 2-methyl-2-butenoate and its epoxide moiety.     

姜黄种质资源的保存及其主要性状评价

在对国内野生姜黄植物种质资源进行调查和保存的基础上,对7份姜黄种质资源的株高、茎粗、叶片数、分蘖、产量、姜黄素含量及姜黄油含量等性状进行分析评价。结果表明,药物园姜黄的产量最高,达18.25 t/hm2,姜黄素含量较高,为2.80%;博白姜黄的产量表现较好,为11.70 t/hm2,姜黄素含量最高,达3.49%,抗病和抗倒伏能力较强;以上2份姜黄种质的产量和姜黄素、姜黄油含量均较高,因此适于广西种植,可用于生产开发性试种。博白姜黄、药物园姜黄和南宁姜黄3份种质综合表现较好,均具有一定的推广前景。     

Advances in Studies on the Pharmacological Activities of Fucoxanthin

Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid derived mostly from many species of marine brown algae. It is characterized by small molecular weight, is chemically active, can be easily oxidized, and has diverse biological activities, thus protecting cell components from ROS. Fucoxanthin inhibits the proliferation of a variety of cancer cells, promotes weight loss, acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, interacts with the intestinal flora to protect intestinal health, prevents organ fibrosis, and exerts a multitude of other beneficial effects. Thus, fucoxanthin has a wide range of applications and broad prospects. This review focuses primarily on the latest progress in research on its pharmacological activity and underlying mechanisms.     

Transepithelial Transport of Curcumin in Caco-2 Cells Is significantly Enhanced by Micellar Solubilisation

Curcumin, the active constituent of Curcuma longa L. (family Zingiberaceae), has gained increasing interest because of its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-rheumatic properties associated with good tolerability and safety up to very high doses of 12 g. Nanoscaled micellar formulations on the base of Tween 80 represent a promising strategy to overcome its low oral bioavailability. We therefore aimed to investigate the uptake and transepithelial transport of native curcumin (CUR) vs. a nanoscaled micellar formulation (Sol-CUR) in a Caco-2 cell model. Sol-CUR afforded a higher flux than CUR (39.23 vs. 4.98 μg min^?1 cm^?2, respectively). This resulted in a higher P_app value of 2.11 × 10^?6 cm/s for Sol-CUR compared to a P_app value of 0.56 × 10^?6 cm/s for CUR. Accordingly a nearly 9.5 fold higher amount of curcumin was detected on the basolateral side at the end of the transport experiments after 180 min with Sol-CUR compared to CUR. The determined 3.8-fold improvement in the permeability of curcumin is in agreement with an up to 185-fold increase in the AUC of curcumin observed in humans following the oral administration of the nanoscaled micellar formulation compared to native curcumin. The present study demonstrates that the enhanced oral bioavailability of micellar curcumin formulations is likely a result of enhanced absorption into and increased transport through small intestinal epithelial cells.     

Kinase Gene Expression and Subcellular Protein Expression Pattern of Protein Kinase C Isoforms in Curcumin-treated Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hep 3B Cells

Curcumin, a yellow component of turmeric or curry powder, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-carcinogenic effects in vitro, in vivo, and in human clinical trials. One of its molecular targets is protein kinase C (PKC) which has been reported to play essential roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis. In this study, PKC mRNA expression was significantly inhibited in curcumin-treated human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep 3B cells identified using a kinase cDNA microarray. Furthermore, curcumin decreased total protein expression of all PKCs in a time-related manner by immunoblotting of whole cell lysates, nuclear, membrane, and cytosolic fractions. In cytosolic fraction, the expression of PKC-α was totally inhibited by curcumin. In contrast, the expression levels of PKC-ζ and -μ were dramatically increased. Increases in expression of PKC-δ and PKC-ζ in the membrane and nucleus, and PKC-ι in the membrane were detected. In summary, the changes in expression and distribution of subcellular PKC isoforms in curcumin-treated Hep 3B cells suggest possible PKC-associated anti-tumor mechanisms of curcumin and provide alternative therapies for human HCC.     

The histopathalogical effects of retinoic acid on the tissues

The aim of this study is to sum up the important information that has emerged from the last 10 years of experimental investigations over the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on embryonic structure and adult tissues. Administration of exogenous RA can affect the connective tissues including enhancement of myeloid compartment and suppression of erythroid cells and conversion of hematopoietic stem cells to erythroid progenitors. Also, it is able to induce osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from adipose tissues and etc. Examining the neural tissue highlighted that disruption of RA signaling in the adult leads to degeneration of motor neurons and development of some diseases. In vitro administration of All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) increased dendritic growth and synaptophysin puncta intensity and increased expressions of neuronal nuclei, neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin. RA also promotes expression of a marker of mature astrocytes. On muscular tissue, it can inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) while promoting differentiation of SMC in vitro instead. The ATRA stimulates skeletal myogenesis while inhibiting cardiomyogenesis and hypertrophy and proliferation of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts. In addition, differences in levels of embryonic RA may contribute to variability in great artery anomalies. In epithelial tissue, the squamous epithelium exposed to ATRA showed the columnar differentiation independent to proliferation. Also RA seems able to rescue the regeneration process of injured gut and revealing a better wound healing of the intestine undergone intra-operative radiotherapy. It can interrupt the process of progressive fibrosis, enhancements of the langerhans islets, exocrine pancreas, modulate the health of the mammary glands and repairs the lung cell. Thus, differences in levels of endogenous RA in embryonic and adult tissues may contribute to anomalies and pathogenesis of disease, furthermore RA has paradoxical effects on the parts forming the connective and muscles tissue in equal conditions.     

Electrospun curcumin loaded poly(lactic acid) nanofiber mat on the flexible crosslinked PVA/PEG membrane film: Characterization and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> release kinetic study

Herein, a biodegradable and biocompatible composite comprising of support membrane based on crosslinked PVA/PEG film and curcumin loaded electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofiber mat is introduced. The membrane film was prepared from PVA/PEG blend followed by crosslinking with an optimum amount of citric acid, 15 wt.%. After then, PLA solutions with different curcumin content, 0-11 wt.%, were electrospinned on the prepared membrane substrate. The prepared film showed high water absorption, water vapor transmission rate and superior mechanical properties with improved elastic modulus, tensile strength and with an elongation of around 320 % with respect to the non-crosslinked one. Also, the scanning electron microscopy was revealed uniformly dispersed pores throughout the membrane film with a nearly narrow in size distribution centered at 36 μm. As well, a nanostructure porous morphology was found for the electrospun fibrous curcumin loaded PLA from the scanning electron microscopy micrographs and the average fiber diameter was decreased with curcumin content. In vitro drug release from the prepared flexible composite into the vertical diffusion cell was recorded by the measuring curcuminoids content using high performance liquid chromatography and drug release kinetic evaluations were revealed that the release pattern of all prepared samples, containing different content of curcumin, well fitted to the Higuchi’s model signifying diffusion-controlled release mechanism. As well, the determined release rate at the second release stages, i.e. steady state flux (J), was varied from 0.31 to 43.53 μg·cm^-2·h^-1 with increasing drug content from 1 to 11 wt.%. Regarding this results, this flexible composite by providing the moist environment along with miraculous healing properties of curcumin, can be potential candidate for transdermal drug delivery.