兔逊染色体核型研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及常规染色体制备分析手段,对青海省西宁动物园展出的兔逊的染色体核型进行了研究,是：兔逊染色体数目为２ｎ＝３８;常染色体形态类型划分为１２Ｍ＋１４ｓＭ＋８ｓＭ＋２Ｔ,性染色体形态类型为Ｘ、Ｙ均是ｓＭ;雄 、雌兔逊染色体核型公式分别为３８,ＸＹ和３８,ＸＸ;染色体总臂数雌雄均为ＮＦ＝７４。     

马鹿染色体核型分析

采用常规细胞遗传学分析手段，对青海省西宁动物园饲养的马鹿染色体核型进行分析，结果：马鹿染色体数目为２ｎ＝６８，染色体臂数ＮＦ＝７０（♀）、７１（）；常染色体类型为２条中（Ｍ）着丝粒，６４条近端或端（Ａ）着丝粒；性染色体类型Ｘ为近端（Ａ），Ｙ为近中（ｓＭ）着丝粒；公母鹿核型式为６８，ＸＹ和６８ＸＸ。     

哈白兔×日本大耳兔F1的染色体核型分析

采用常规细胞遗传学手段,对青海省畜牧兽医科学院饲养的哈白兔×日本大耳兔Ｆ１的染色体核型进行分析,结果表明,Ｆ１的染色体数目２ｎ＝４４,染色体臂数ＮＦ＝７８（♂）;常染色体类型１～７对为中着丝粒染色体（Ｍ）,８～１０对为亚中着丝粒染色体（ＳＭ）,１１～１６对为近端着丝粒染色体（ＳＴ）,１７～２１对为端着丝粒染色体（Ｔ）,性染色体Ｘ为亚中着丝粒染色体（ＳＭ）,Ｙ为中着丝粒染色体（Ｍ）,公兔核型式为４４,ＸＹ（♂）。     

三种胡卢巴属植物的核型比较

对藏青胡卢巴、齿荚胡卢巴和胡卢巴采用常规根尖压片技术进行的核型分析表明，三种植物的核型分别为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝２Ｍ＋１４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）、２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝４Ｍ＋１０ｍ＋２ｓｍ、２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝４Ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ，分属１Ａ、２Ａ和３Ａ类型，演化程序可能为藏青胡卢巴→齿荚胡卢巴→胡卢巴。     

大约克夏新民母系猪染色体的初步研究

本试验对大约克夏新民母系猪进行了染色体常规分析,结果表明：新民母系猪染色体数２ｎ＝３８,染色体类型为：１２ｍ＋１０ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ＋１２ｔ,新民母系猪的常规核型与国内外有关家猪的核型报道相近似。     

岩羊染色体核型研究

运用常规外周血淋巴细胞培养,火焰干燥染色体制备和核型分析技术,对青海省珍稀野生经济动物岩羊的染色体核型进行研究。结果显示,岩羊的染色体数目为２ｎ＝５４,染色体臂数ＮＦ＝６０;常染色体形态为４个近端（ＳＴ）着丝粒染色体,４８个端（Ａ）着丝粒染色体;性染色体形态为Ｘ是较大的中（Ｍ）着丝粒染色体,Ｙ为最小的中（Ｍ）着丝粒染色体。公母岩羊的染色体核型公式为５４,ＸＹ和５４,ＸＸ。     

青海细毛羊染色体研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及常规染色体标本制备技术，研究了青海细毛羊染色体的核型和畸变，并以ＧＴＧ，ＣＢＧ，硝酸银等方法对染色体标本进行分带处理，分别显示了青海细毛羊染色体的Ｇ－带，Ｃ－带和Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ带型，结果表明；（１）青海细毛羊二倍体细胞的染色体数目为２ｎ＝５４，公羊核型式为５４，ＸＹ，ＮＦ＝６２。母羊核型式为５４，ＸＸ；ＮＦ＝６２。（２）染色体畸变类型主要为断裂和四倍体，频率分别为１．５３０     

荒漠猫血液蛋白质和酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对５只荒漠猫（Ｆｅｌｉｓｂｉｅｔｉ）血液中的血红蛋白（ＨＢ），运铁蛋白（ＴＦ），亲血色蛋白（Ｈｐ）以及乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ），淀粉酶（ＡＭＹ），酯酶（ＥＳ）和碱性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）的多态性进行了研究。结果发现，被检荒漠猫的ＴＦ，Ｈｐ，ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ，Ｓ－ＥＳ和Ｓ－ＡＬＰ共５个基因座存在多态性，ＨＢ，ＲＢＣ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＡＭＹ，Ｓ－ＬＤＨ，ＲＢＣ－ＥＳ和ＲＢＣ－ＡＬＰ共６个基因座为单态，表明荒漠猫的血液蛋白质和酶具有颇大的遗传变异性     

西藏黄牛染色体的研究

研究了西藏黄牛的普通核型和Ｃ带核型，着重分析了Ｙ染色体的形态。结果表明，西藏黄牛核型为２Ｎ＝６０，公牛为ＸＹ，母牛为ＸＸ，常染色体为近端着丝粒染色体。Ｘ染色体为亚中着丝粒染色体，Ｙ染色体中中部着丝粒杂色体。根据Ｙ染色体的形态讨论了西藏黄牛的起源。     

黑线仓鼠的染色体组型研究

本文报道了我国北方一种主要的农田害鼠，黑线仓鼠（ＣｒｉｃｅｔｕｌｕｓｂａｒａｂｅｎｓｉｓｆｕｍａｃａｓＴｈｏｍａｓ）的染色体核型，染色体标本采用骨髓细胞材料，按秋水仙素──低渗──空气干燥法制成。黑线仓鼠二倍体细胞的染色体数为２ｎ＝２４，常染色体臂数Ｍ＝２０，Ｘ染色体为中部着丝粒染色体，Ｙ染色体为较小的端部着丝粒染色体     

家牦牛与不同野血牦牛染色体组型的比较分析

本文用外周血淋巴细胞培养法制备染色体标本,比较分析了家牦牛、１／２野血牦牛及３／４野血牦牛的染色体组型。结果表明：家牦牛、１／２野血牦牛和３／４野血牦牛的二倍体细胞染色体数目均为２ｎ＝６０,常染色体为近端着丝粒,性染色体为亚中着丝粒;家牦牛和野牦牛的染色体组型无明显差异。     

隐性白羽肉鸡(农大系)的染色体核型和G-带分析

本文运用鸡胚成纤维细胞系制备染色体和G显带技术,对隐性白羽肉鸡的染色体核型和G带带型进行了研究。结果表明:其二倍体染色体数目2n=78,性染色体组成为ZZ(公)和ZW(母)。根据着丝粒位置,1号,8号,Z和W为中着丝粒染色体;2号和7号为近中着丝粒染色体;4号为近端着丝粒染色体;而3,5,6,9,10,11和12号均为端着丝粒染色体,而另26对染色体为无法辨别的点状染色体。研究分析了前12对常染色体和性染色体的G带带型,并绘制了包含165条带(其中75条阳性带)的G-带模式图。     

不同倍性燕麦的核型分析

试验采用根尖压片法分别对燕麦的3个种Avena nudibreri,A.hispanica和A.sativa的燕麦材料的染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明:Avena nudibreri的染色体数目为2n=14,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具2对近中部着丝点染色体和五对中部着丝点染色体,其中第5对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena hispanica的染色体数目为2n=28,核型公式为2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(2SAT),着丝点的位置有近中部着丝点和中部着丝点区,其中第10对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena sativa的染色体数目为2n=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=26m+16sm(4SAT),具8对近中部着丝点染色体,第12对和第17对染色体短臂末端带有随体,其余为中部着丝点染色体,染色体组型属2B型。     

Chromosomes of gaur cross domestic cattle hybrids

The chromosomes of five gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) domestic cattle (B indicus cross B taurus) hybrids (three females, two males) were studied using the leucocyte culture method and centromeric (C) banding technique. All the hybrids had a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 58, made up of two submetacentric autosomes (different in size) and 54 acrocentric autosomes, most of which could be arranged in pairs in descending order of size. The sex (X) chromosomes in females were a pair of submetacentric chromosomes smaller than the submetacentric autosomes. The Y chromosome in males was a small submetacentric chromosome. The C banding patterns were useful in identifying the X and Y chromosomes and the inherited submetacentric autosomes from the gaur sire. Phenotypically, the hybrids resembled normal B indicus cross B taurus calves except for the presence of a distinct hump-like dorsal ridge containing the spinous processes of the third to 11th thoracic vertebrae, upright 'deer-like' ears and long lean legs. The potential of these hybrids as important genetic resources for meat production is stressed.     

秦川牛的染色体研究

对秦川牛(12♂,3♀)染色体的核型、G带、C带及Ag-NOR_s的研究表明:秦川牛品种内Y染色体存在多态现象,Y染色体有中、亚中和近端着丝点染色体。中和亚中着丝点Y染色体G带和C带与普通牛(Bos taurus)相同,近端着丝点Y染色体G带和C带与瘤牛(Bos indicus)相同。根据Y染色体多态性,讨论了秦川牛起源的多元性。统计了2002个细胞的Ag-NOR_s数目,每细胞Ag-NOR_s数变化范围3～10个,平均5.473±0.316。     

A note on the somatic Y chromosome of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.)

Recently a report on the reindeer chromosomes was published (Nes et al. 1965). The chromosome complement was described as consisting of 70 autosomes and a sex chromosome set of the XY-type. All autosomes were acrocentric except one pair which was submetacentric. The X was found to be submetacentric and also the largest chromosome of the complement. The Y was characterized as being the smallest acrocentric chromosome, and the authors stated that the Y chromosome could only occasionally be distinguished from the autosomes by its shorter length.In our studies of the same species we have found a quite different appearance concerning the Y chromosome.     

培育中的青海白猪染色体核型分析

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法和常规染色体制备分析技术．分析了青海白猪的染色体核型。结果表明：青海白猪染色体数目为2n=38条，染色体臂数NF为32，公猪染色体核型式为38，XY；母猪染色体棱型式为38，XX。核型模式：2n=♂/♀38/38（12M 8SM 4ST 12T）XY（M，M）/XX（M，M）     

Fertile male tortoiseshell cat with true chimerism 38,XY/38,XY

The tortoiseshell coat colour is characteristic to female cats, and its occurrence in tomcats is very rare and associated with chromosome abnormalities (additional copy of X chromosome). The aim of this study was identification of the genetic basis of a case of tortoiseshell colour in a fertile Maine coon tomcat. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies were carried out with painting molecular probes (WCPP) specific to the X and Y sex chromosomes as well as a DNA microsatellite panel for the parentage verification of cats. Cytogenetic analysis revealed only a single set of sex chromosomes typical for male – 38,XY. The results of the microsatellite polymorphism obtained from DNA showed three alleles in locus FCA201 and four alleles in loci FCA149 and FCA441 in different tissues (blood, hair roots and testicles). Based on these results, the case was diagnosed as a true chimerism 38,XY/38,XY. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a 38,XY/38,XY chimera diagnosed in cats, confirmed by genetic analysis.