大通县高原型牦牛12项血液指标的测定

本试验对43头大通县高原型牦牛的12项血液生理生化指标进行了测定,结果显示:红细胞数为6.45±0.871012个·L-1,血红蛋白为96.81±23.04g·L-1,红细胞压积容量为0.47±10.17L·L-1,血清钠为136.39±11.45mmol·L-1,血清钾为5.86±0.90mmol·L-1,血清氯为103.42±5.23mmol·L-1,血清铁为29.74±6.31μmol·L-1,血清镁为1.41±0.51 mmol·L-1,血清总蛋白为98.75±4.56 g·L-1,白蛋白为47.58±6.71g·L-1,球蛋白为51.17±7.19 g·L-1,白蛋白与球蛋白之比(A/G)为0.93±0.36。     

祁连马鹿血清生化指标的测定

对祁连县养鹿场围栏放牧的37～4O头马鹿的12项血清生化指标进行了测定,结果为：K 5．35±0．64mmol／L,Na 140．19±4．47mmol／L,Ca 2．36±0．19mmol／L,P2．45±0．42mmol／L,Cˉ101．48±5.54mmol／L,总蛋白86.24±5.49g／L,白蛋白55.20±5.63g/L,球蛋白31.04±4．57g／L,A／G1．83±0．36,血清蛋白质组分（％）：A63．99±4.85,α13.03±1.18,α26.38±1·40,β10．43±2,02、γ16．17±3．21,GPT282．9±68.8nmol·s－1/L,GOT617．6±247．7nmol·s－1/L。公鹿与母鹿的各项指标无显著差异（P＞0．05）。     

德令哈藏獒15项血液生化指标测定

对青海省海西州德令哈市21只藏獒的15项血液生化指标进行了测定。结果：全血钾5．90±0.37mmol／L．血清钾5．11±0．58mmol／L,血清钠142.19±6．00mmol／L,血清氯112．34±7．06mmol／L,血清钙2．45±0．15mmol／L,血清无机磷1．28±0．49mmol／L,总蛋白73．43±4．59g／L,白蛋白36.15±5.62g／L,球蛋白37.55±7.25g／L,A／G0.96±0.35,血清蛋白质组分（％）：A49．00±8．34,α16．78±2．06,α210.11±2．16,β16.74±l．86,β211．31±2．50,γ16．06±5．44;GOT7.44±3.34IU／L;GPT6.18±2.42IU／L;ZnTT7.95±1.32孔氏单位;TTT1．81±0.98麦氏单位。     

玉树牦牛12项血液生理生化指标的测定

对80头玉树牦牛的12项血液生理生化指标进行了测定。结果为：血红蛋白（Hb）86．41±13．07g／L,红细胞压积（PCV）0．46±0．034L／L,全血钾（BK）34．01±4．57mmol／L,红细胞钾（EK）67．24±9．45mmol／L,血清钾（SK）6．25±1．23mmol／L,血清钠（SNa）141．7±8．15mmol／L,血清总钙（STCa）2．3±0．52mmol／L,血清游离钙（SFCa）0．644-0．38mmol／L,血清结合钙（SBCa）1．63±0．37mmol／L,血清游离钙百分率27．82±7．3％,血清总蛋白87．3±11．3g／L,全血铁28．95±4．37mmol／L。公牦牛与母牦牛组各项指标均无差异显著;成年牦牛与牦牛犊之间除血清总蛋白外,其余各项指标均无显著差异。     

大通黑白花乳牛红细胞钾型的测定

对引入大通县奶牛场的31头黑白花乳牛的红细胞钾型进行了测定，结果：BK为9．87±1．14（7．2～11．6）mmol·L-1,EK为20．96±3．88（12．72～30．67）mmol·L-1，BK和EK均为单一的低钾（LK）型；BK与EK之间有显著正相关关系（P＜0．0005），而BK与SK，SK与EK之间无显著相关关系（P＞0．1和P＞0．2）。     

青海八眉猪仔猪12项血液指标测定

对青海省 43头八眉猪仔猪的 12项血液指标进行了测定。结果为 :RBC ,7 0 5± 1 4 1× 10 1 2 L ;PCV ,0 4 2± 0 0 6L L :Hb ,12 6 3± 2 0 .82g L ;全血钾 ,5 0 36± 6 2 4mmol L ;血浆钾 ,6 31± 0 6 3mmol L ;;血浆总钙 ,2 0 9± 0 2 6mmol L ;血浆无机磷 ,1 5 7± 0 4 1mmol L ;血浆氯 ,10 5 9± 11 84mmol L ;血浆总蛋白 ,74 6 2± 5 11g L ;血浆白蛋白 ,45 2 0± 9 2 0g L ;血浆球蛋白 ,2 9 4 1± 8 32g L ;A G ,1 70± 0 6 2。且公、母猪之间的各项血液指标都没有显著差异。     

湟源波航黄牛血清蛋白质的测定

采用折射计法和醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法对 3 9头湟源县波航乡本地黄牛的血清蛋白质及其组分进行测定。结果 :总蛋白 70 .5 6± 5 .7g/L ,白蛋白 3 6.95± 4.89g/L ,球蛋白 3 3 .61± 4.78g/L ,血清蛋白质组分 ( %) ,白蛋白 (A) ,5 2 .40± 6.0 7,α1 球蛋白 3 .5 1± 1.3 4 ,α2 球蛋白 9.12± 2 .2 7,β 球蛋白 8.0 8± 2 .48,γ 球蛋白 2 6.87± 5 .5 5 ;白蛋白与球蛋白之比(A/G) 1.11± 0 .2 8。     

白牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

研究了不同激素配比、性周期阶段对白牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响，同时研究了不同培养基对早期胚胎体外发育的影响。结果表明：M199＋0．2mmol／L丙酮酸钠＋10％NBs＋5．0mg／L LH＋0．5mg／LFSH＋1＞g／ml 17β-E2是白牦牛卵母细胞体外成熟较为理想的培养系统（成熟率79．4％、卵裂率42．5％）。采集白牦牛卵母细胞时卵巢所处性周期阶段（卵泡期、黄体期）影响卵母细胞的体外成熟（成熟率分别为77．6％、69．5％，卵裂率分别为45．7％、35．6％）。输卵管上皮细胞和颗粒细胞是理想的共培养细胞，能有效克服白牦牛早期胚胎发育阻滞（桑囊胚发育率分别为10．6％、7．7％）。     

引入青海省的小尾寒羊23项血液指标测定

对引入青海省乐都县的小尾寒羊23项血液指标进行了测定。结果表明:血红蛋白含量为115.68 g/L,红细胞压积为0.35 L/L。血清总蛋白含量为73.38 g/L,白蛋白含量为38.71 g/L,球蛋白含量为34.67 g/L,白球比为1.12。血清蛋白质组分(%):A,52.91;α-G,10.04;β-G,11.12;γ-G,25.93。血清钠为133.49 mmol/L,氯为116.89 mmol/L,钾为5.54 mmol/L,全血钾为21.86 mmol/L,无机磷为1.21 mmol/L,总钙为2.45 mmol/L,结合钙为1.61 mmol/L,游离钙0.85 mmol/L,游离钙百分率为33.58。血清谷-丙转氨酶活性为37.63 U/L,谷-草转氨酶活性为143.80 U/L。硫酸锌浊度试验为4.67孔氏单位,麝香草酚浊度试验为1.22麦氏单位。     

利用高效液相色谱仪测定猪乳中乳清蛋白含量的方法及其应用

为了建立快速准确检测猪乳中溶菌酶、乳铁蛋白、α-乳白蛋白、血清白蛋白和β-乳球蛋白高效液相色谱方法,采用0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液为流动相A,0.1%三氟乙酸乙腈溶液为流动相B进行程序洗脱,用Xbridge~(TM) Sneild RP C18色谱柱对α-乳白蛋白、β-乳球蛋白和溶菌酶进行分离检测,用Supelcosil C18色谱柱对乳铁蛋白和血清白蛋白进行分离检测。结果显示:5种乳清蛋白分离良好,在25~1 000 mg·L~(-1)范围内呈良好线性,标准曲线回归系数均大于0.99,RSD小于5%,回收率在91%~97%,溶菌酶、乳铁蛋白、α-乳白蛋白、血清白蛋白和β-乳球蛋白的检测限分别为0.2、4.0、0.6、0.3和1.0 mg·L~(-1);对猪乳中乳清蛋白进行测定显示,β-乳球蛋白、溶菌酶、乳铁蛋白和血清白蛋白含量在母猪分娩后16 d内逐渐降低,其含量均在母猪分娩后第1天最高,分别为17.2、0.224、2.0和15.6 g·L~(-1),在第16天含量最低,分别为5.6、0.092、0.5和3.6 g·L~(-1);α-乳白蛋白含量在母猪分娩后逐渐升高,在第7天时含量达到最高为3.3 g·L~(-1),随后降低,保持在3.1 g·L~(-1)。结果表明:建立的乳清蛋白高效液相色谱法,能够快速准确检测猪乳中5种乳清蛋白的含量。     

Apparent pseudohyperkalemia in a Chinese Shar Pei dog

Whole blood in a serum clot tube and EDTA-anticoagulated samples from an 8-year-old spayed female Chinese Shar Pei dog were submitted by an external clinic to the diagnostic laboratory at Atlantic Veterinary College for routine biochemical and hematologic analysis prior to entropion surgery. Laboratory abnormalities included mild hyperkalemia (6.3 mmol/L, reference interval 3.6-6.0 mmol/L), mild normocytic, hypochromic, nonregenerative anemia (HCT 0.31 L/L, reference interval 0.37-0.55 L/L; MCHC 290 g/L, reference interval 320-360 g/L), and increased red cell distribution width (RDW; 26.2%, reference interval 11-14%). A small subpopulation of macrocytic, slightly hypochromic erythrocytes was noted on Wright's-Giemsa-stained blood smears. Biochemical and hematologic data obtained from this patient over the previous 7.5 years indicated that serum (and in 1 case, heparinized plasma) potassium concentration was increased (range, 6.3-10.9 mmol/L) in 5 of 8 samples (HCT ranged from 0.31-0.43 L/L, Hgb 91-124 g/L, MCHC 280-312 g/L, and RDW 18.2-26.9%). Clinical signs suggestive of hyperkalemia were not observed at any time, suggesting pseudohyperkalemia as the cause of the increased potassium concentrations. An erythrocyte lysate prepared from a heparinized blood sample had a high potassium concentration (16.8 mmol/L) compared with that of a clinically healthy, non-Shiba control dog (6.7 mmol/L). An osmotic fragility test of the patient's erythrocytes showed 50% hemolysis at 0.57% NaCl, compared with 0.48% NaCl for the control dog, indicating increased fragility. On scanning electron microscopy, a small subpopulation of erythrocytes were large, flattened, and had a tendency to fold. These findings supported the provisional diagnosis of pseudohyperkalemia due to increased intracellular RBC potassium concentration. High-potassium erythrocytes have been reported in Akitas, Shibas, Jindos, other East Asian dog breeds, and occasionally, in mixed-breed dogs. Pseudohyperkalemia should also be considered when an otherwise unexplained elevation in serum or plasma potassium concentration is observed in Chinese Shar Pei dogs, and may be accompanied by increased RDW, low MCHC, and increased osmotic fragility with or without mild anemia.     

Evaluation of serum fructosamine concentration as an index of blood glucose control in cats with diabetes mellitus.

Fructosamine, a glycated serum protein, was evaluated as an index of glycemic control in normal and diabetic cats. Fructosamine was determined manually by use of a modification of an automated method. The within-run precision was 2.4 to 3.2%, and the day-to-day precision was 2.7 to 3.1%. Fructosamine was found to be stable in serum samples stored for 1 week at 4 C and for 2 weeks at -20 C. The reference range for serum fructosamine concentration in 31 clinically normal colony cats was 2.19 to 3.47 mmol/L (mean, 2.83 +/- 0.32 mmol/L). In 27 samples from 16 cats with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, the range for fructosamine concentration was 3.04 to 8.83 mmol/L (mean, 5.93 +/- 1.35 mmol/L). Fructosamine concentration was directly and highly correlated to blood glucose concentration. Fructosamine concentration also remained high in consort with increased blood glucose concentration in cats with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus over extended periods. It is concluded that measurement of serum fructosamine concentration can be a valuable adjunct to blood glucose monitoring to evaluate glycemic control in diabetic cats. The question of whether fructosamine can replace glucose for monitoring control of diabetes mellitus requires further study.     

Serum electrolyte and nonelectrolyte status in freshwater juvenile Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus

Status of serum electrolyte and nonelectrolyte variables can be used for managing sturgeon species cultured in freshwater or living in seawater. The aim of the present study was to evaluate serum biochemical variables in clinically healthy juvenile Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus cultured in freshwater. Serum samples from 11 females and 10 males were analyzed, and levels (mean +/- SD) of the following variables were compared between sexes: glucose (Glc; 5.58 +/- 1.25 mmol/L for females and 8.56 +/- 1.80 mmol/L for males), total cholesterol (TC; 2.50 +/- 0.45 and 2.40 +/- 0.65 mmol/L), triglyceride (TG; 7.13 +/- 2.68 and 5.14 +/- 1.27 mmol/L), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 1.28 +/- 0.2 and 1.01 +/- 0.2 mmol/L), total protein (TOP; 55.84 +/- 8.77 and 41.44 +/- 8.62 g/L), inorganic phosphate (P(i); 6.19 +/- 1.02 and 5.23 +/- 0.49 mmol/L), calcium (Ca; 2.80 +/- 0.43 and 2.63 +/- 0.32 mmol/L), magnesium (Mg; 0.9 +/- 0.23 and 0.99 +/- 0.22 mmol/L), sodium (Na; 152.80 +/- 13.81 and 156.38 +/- 12.67 mmol/L), potassium (K; 2.64 +/- 0.58 and 2.27 +/- 0.39 mmol/L), and chloride (Cl; 143 +/- 13.85 and 151.67 +/- 21.08 mmol/L). There were no differences in TC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, or Cl between sexes. The Glc value was lower in female Persian sturgeon than in males, whereas the values of TG, BUN, TOP, and P(i) were higher in females than in males. Freshwater adaptation may affect serum ion concentrations in juvenile Persian sturgeon.     

Blood acid-base and serum electrolyte values in red deer (Cervus elaphus).

Acid-base, serum electrolyte, plasma protein, and packed cell volume (PCV) values were determined in venous blood samples from 30 red deer (Cervus elaphus) of both sexes showing no clinical signs of disease. The animals were 5 months of age and kept on pasture in the Valley of Mexico, at an altitude of 2450 m. Blood samples were collected without sedation. Mean blood values were: pH 7.411 +/- 0.041, pCO2 37.7 +/- 4.4 mmHg, base excess 0.7 +/- 3.2 mmol/L, actual bicarbonate 24.3 +/- 3.1 mmol/L, total CO2 25.3 +/- 3.2 mmol/L and anion gap 23.5 +/- 5.5 mmol/L. Mean serum electrolyte levels were: Na+ 142.3 +/- 2.5 mmol/L, Cl- 100.5 +/- 2.3 mmol/L, and K+ 7.03 +/- 1.03 mmol/L. Plasma protein and PCV values were 60.0 +/- 6.6 g/L and 0.47 +/- 0.05 L/L, respectively. Blood values determined in this study can be considered reference data for health control and disease diagnosis.     

Influence of novel intravenous complex solution of Ca, Mg and phosphates on blood biochemical parameters of healthy and paretic cows

The article describes the dynamics of changes in blood concentrations of the active substances present in the solution after its infusion to healthy cows in comparison to NaCI solution as well as the response of paretic cows to treatment with the new complex solution. Cows received a dose of 400 ml of A1 solution (containing 8.4 g of Ca2+) intravenously. In healthy cows the average calcium concentration in blood serum prior to the test was 2.52 +/- 0.08 mmol/l while 15 min. after the infusion the concentration rose to 3.10 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (p < 0.05) and magnesium concentration rose from 0.61 +/- 0.05 to 1.39 +/- 0.08 mmol/l (p < 0.05). This experiment showed that elevated concentration of non-organic phosphates persisted 1 hour after infusion (p < 0.05). In the second phase of efficacy evaluation of the novel preparation A1 on paretic cows the intravenous injection of 1 ml/kg of body weight of A1 solution increased calcium concentration up to almost normal level (p < 0.05). The level of magnesium in serum 1 h after injection was statistically significantly higher by 63% (p < 0.05) and reached the physiologically normal concentration. 1 h after the infusion of test solution the level of phosphate was higher by 13% (p > 0.05). The rise was statistically not significant. Even though A1 solution undoubtedly produced an increase in glucose concentration in the blood serum, due to wide dispersion of individual measurements and high standard deviation the increase (p > 0.05) in glucose concentration was found insignificant. Most of the treated paretic cows rose within 1-6 h after infusion of 400 ml of solution A1. No relapses were observed. A combination of different salts of calcium and magnesium, non-organic phosphates and glucose with analeptic substance mixed in one solution (A1 solution) administered at a dose of 1 ml/kg of body weight raises concentrations of essential macroelements in blood serum of cattle and promotes improvement of paretic cows condition.     

Calculation of the total plasma concentration of nonvolatile weak acids and the effective dissociation constant of nonvolatile buffers in plasma for use in the strong ion approach to acid-base balance in cats

OBJECTIVE: To determine values for the total concentration of nonvolatile weak acids (Atot) and effective dissociation constant of nonvolatile weak acids (Ka) in plasma of cats. SAMPLE POPULATION: Convenience plasma samples of 5 male and 5 female healthy adult cats. PROCEDURE: Cats were sedated, and 20 mL of blood was obtained from the jugular vein. Plasma was tonometered at 37 degrees C to systematically vary PCO2 from 8 to 156 mm Hg, thereby altering plasma pH from 6.90 to 7.97. Plasma pH, PCO2, and concentrations of quantitatively important strong cations (Na+, K+, and Ca2+), strong anions (Cl-, lactate), and buffer ions (total protein, albumin, and phosphate) were determined. Strong ion difference was estimated from the measured strong ion concentrations and nonlinear regression used to calculate Atot and Ka from the measured pH and PCO2 and estimated strong ion difference. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) values were as follows: Atot = 24.3 +/- 4.6 mmol/L (equivalent to 0.35 mmol/g of protein or 0.76 mmol/g of albumin); Ka = 0.67 +/- 0.40 x 10(-7); and the negative logarithm (base 10) of Ka (pKa) = 7.17. At 37 degrees C, pH of 7.35, and a partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) of 30 mm Hg, the calculated venous strong ion difference was 30 mEq/L. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results indicate that at a plasma pH of 7.35, a 1 mEq/L decrease in strong ion difference will decrease pH by 0.020, a 1 mm Hg decrease in PCO2 will increase plasma pH by 0.011, and a 1 g/dL decrease in albumin concentration will increase plasma pH by 0.093.     

Changes in the serum urea: creatinine ratio in dogs with babesiosis, haemolytic anaemia, and experimental haemoglobinaemia

The purpose of this study was to determine serum urea and creatinine concentrations, the derived urea : creatinine (UC) ratios, haemoglobin concentrations and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) in dogs with haemolytic anaemia and those with experimentally induced anaemia and/or haemoglobinaemia. There were 25 dogs with babesiosis (group 1), 13 control animals (group 2), six dogs with induced haemoglobinaemia and anaemia (group 3), six with induced haemoglobinaemia (group 4), and 14 with immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) (group 5). The median serum urea concentration was 11.18 mmol/L (group 1), 4.3 mmol/L (group 2), 4.3 mmol/L (group 3), 4.35 mmol/L (group 4), and 8.5 mmol/L (group 5). Median serum creatinine was 67 μmol/L (group 1), 75 μmol/L (group 2), 78.5 μmol/L (group 3), 84 μmol/L (group 4), and 82 μmol/L (group 5). Median serum haemoglobin was 1.3g/L (group 1), 0.8 g/L (group 2), 9 g/L (group 3), 3g/L (group 4), and 1.3g/L (group 5). The median UC ratio was 41.35 (group 1), 15.36 (group 2), 14.18 (group 3), 13.6 (group 4), and 14.15 (group 5). GFR was normal in all five groups. Serum urea concentration and the UC ratio were significantly greater in dogs with babesiosis than in those with IMHA, experimentally induced anaemia and/or haemoglobinaemia.     

大通牦牛血清碱性磷酸酶及钙磷含量的测定

本试验对青海省大通种牛场的35头健康大通牦牛的血清碱性磷酸酶和血清钙、磷含量进行了测定,结果为：血清碱性磷酸酶的含量在45.15±3.41IU·L-1,血清钙含量在2.49±0.53 mmol·L-1,血清无机磷含量在1.98±0.21 mmol· L-1,均处于正常值范围内;公牦牛、母牦牛之间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）.     

硅对NaCl胁迫下甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为明确硅(silicon,Si)对盐胁迫的缓解作用,以“雪梨一号”和“朗秦银蜜”两个耐盐性不同的甜瓜品种为材料,在125 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下,研究了不同浓度外源Si对甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,NaCl胁迫显著抑制了甜瓜种子萌发,0.50~1.00 mmol/L外源Si处理较对照能显著提高种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、α-淀粉酶活性及吸水率,其中两个品种的种子均以0.75 mmol/L外源Si处理效果最好;NaCl胁迫下,0.25~1.00 mmol/L外源Si处理后,甜瓜幼苗的株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量、地上部分干重和根系干重较对照显著提高,其中“朗秦银蜜”和“雪梨一号”幼苗分别以0.50和0.75 mmol/L外源Si处理效果最好。研究表明,0.25~1.00 mmol/L外源Si能促进NaCl胁迫下种子吸水和α-淀粉酶活性的提高来促进种子萌发,通过提高NaCl胁迫下幼苗叶绿素含量维持较高的光合能力促进幼苗生长,缓解盐胁迫对甜瓜种子和幼苗的伤害,外源Si浓度超过1.25 mmol/L时对盐胁迫没有缓解效应。