烟草花叶病毒六个分离物生物学性状初步研究

 测定了番茄条斑分离物(TMV-L₁)、番茄花叶分离物(TMV-L₂)、小青菜花叶分离物(TMV-B₁)、大白菜灰心病分离物(TMV-B₂)、地黄病毒病分离物(TMV-R)和烟草花叶分离物(TMV-N)在22科82种植物上的反应。六个分离物在心叶烟、曼陀萝等7种植物的接种叶上出现局部枯斑、在番茄,龙葵等9种植物上出现系统花叶,在White Barley烟,青箱等10种植物上反应的症状不同,在测试的十字花科植物、菊科等22种植物上六个分离物的侵染力不一致,部分分离物能够侵染,部分分离物不能侵染。对百合科、大麻科等11个科中的测试植物都没有侵染力。六分分离物中只有TMV-B₁和TMV-B₂寄主范围基本一致,仅症状轻重不同。     

引起掌叶半夏花叶病的芋花叶病毒

 在表现花叶症状的天南星科药用植物掌叶半夏(Pinellia cordata)上检测到一种线状病毒,病毒粒子的最大分布范围为725~776nm,平均长度为745nm。提纯病毒A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀为1.28,电镜下观察为均一的线状病毒粒子。经免疫电镜测定该线状病毒与芋花叶病毒(DMV)抗血清有强的阳性反应。在病叶横切面的细胞质里观察到具风轮状、卷筒状和片层状聚集结构,在纵切面上为束状的细胞质内含体以及分散的和紧密聚集的线状病毒粒子。寄主反应测定结果表明,该病毒侵染天南星科植物,不侵染其它11科35种非天南星科供试植物。据上述试验结果,该病毒分离物认为属芋花叶病毒。本文是有关该属植物上病毒的首次报道。     

从苋菜上获得一株黄瓜花叶病毒分离物

从苋菜上获得一株黄瓜花叶病毒分离物１９９２年作者在北京朝阳区双桥附近的蔬菜地里，采集到一苋菜病株，其症状为花叶、叶片皱缩。经汁液摩擦接种，苋色藜产生局部枯斑。毒源经４次单斑分离保存于心叶烟上。该分离物摩擦接种６科１７种植物，可侵染其中５科１２种，引起...     

引起北京豇豆系统坏死和花叶的一个分离物——Ⅰ.寄主范围、提纯和超薄切片

 1981年夏,在京郊大面积受害的豇豆上分离到一株毒原一豇豆分离物。其症状是顶叶系统花叶,褐色坏死和畸形。生物学测定证明其寄主范围广泛,在所测试的6个科19种植物中,能侵染5个科的十余种植物。苋色藜、奎宁藜、千日红、曼陀罗、蚕豆、豇豆为其易感寄主。但不能侵染白菜、油菜、芜菁、黄瓜、菜豆、豌豆、普通烟和心叶烟等植物。该分离物虽在蚕豆上病状与蚕豆萎蔫病毒Stubbs典型株相似,但从其不侵染普通烟和心叶烟似乎又不完全相同。稀释限点:10^-3~10^-4;热灭活点50~55℃;体外保毒期(室温)4天以上。桃蚜或豆蚜传。提纯病毒颗粒呈直径25mm,六角形,其三种组分之沉降常数分别为50S (T),67S (M)和118S (B)。提纯的病毒制品其颗粒极易聚集特别是盐类存在时。电镜观察奎宁藜局部退绿斑的超薄切片发现为蚕豆萎蔫病毒所具有的特征性的横截面由7~9个病毒颗粒所组成的管状结晶物以及由非病毒颗粒所组成的大型晶体内含体。根据上述寄主范围、病状、病毒颗粒形态和组分以及内含体的特征,豇豆分离物是蚕豆萎蔫病毒,很可能是与已知的四种毒株不同的豇豆株。     

潍坊萝卜红心病病原鉴定

 本文用生物学、血清学和分子生物学证据证明,引起潍坊萝卜红心病的病原为芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV).该病毒可系统侵染曼陀罗、油菜、咸阳黄瓜、丝瓜、大白菜和普通烟,局部侵染苋色藜和假酸浆,不侵染豌豆.病毒粒体弯曲线状,长约700 nm,可由蚜虫传播,在红心病组织内形成风轮状和片层凝集状内含体,它在SDS-琼脂糖凝胶免疫双扩散试验中可与TuMV的抗血清形成明显的沉淀线.该病毒的CP基因共867个核苷酸,编码288个氨基酸,分子量为32.98 kD.该序列与国内外20个TuMV分离物的CP氨基酸序列比较结果表明,这些分离物可以分为5组,其中引起萝卜红心病的病毒与日本的H1J、KYD8lJ、意大利的ITA7同属一组.     

花生矮化病毒(PSV)的研究

 1983年7月,从山东薛城的花生上分离到一个病毒分离物PS-34,以汁液摩擦接种测定了9科48种植物,PS-34可侵染6科15种植物,在苋色藜上表现系统花叶。由桃蚜、豆蚜以非持久性方式传病。体外抗性测定,失毒温度50-55℃,稀释限点10^-3-10^-4,体外存治期3-4天.提纯后经电镜观察,病毒粒体呈球形,直径±29nm.提纯病毒的抗血清和花生矮化病毒日本株系(PSV-J)的抗血清交互测定,都与PS-34有明显的沉淀线反应。故将病毒分离物PS-34鉴定为黄瓜花叶病毒组的花生矮化病毒(PSV)。因苋色藜和昆诺藜上表现为系统花叶,与在寄主反应上明显不同.因此,确定其为一种新的花生矮化病毒PSV-C株系.     

我国东北地区西瓜花叶病毒原种类鉴定

从我国东北几大西瓜主产区采集了西瓜花叶病毒病样本，进行了症状学、生物学特性、病毒粒体形态及血清学反应等鉴定研究，得知各地分离物均系西瓜花叶病毒２号（ＷＭＶ－２），其病毒粒子线状，多集中于７５０×１３ｎｍ。经病叶超薄切片电镜观察，在细胞质中有风轮状及环状内含体，血清学试验表明各地分离物均为同源病毒。但根据寄主范围及在西葫芦上的症状差别和对千日红、菠菜侵染性的有无，又可细分为２个株系。辽宁的新民、黑龙     

芜菁花叶病毒对寄主植物叶片PSⅡ功能的影响

 芜菁花叶病毒(Turnip mosaic virus,TuMV)是十字花科蔬菜作物上最重要的病原病毒之一,TuMV在青菜、榨菜、芥菜、油菜等作物上的主要发病症状为花叶和畸形,研究植物病毒致花叶症状的机理有助于建立新的病毒控制理论。     

菊花上的一种番茄不孕病毒

 菊花上的番茄不孕病毒危害很普遍,1986年我们将菊花上的分离物CB人工接种局部侵染昆诺藜、苋色藜,系统侵染番茄、千日红、心叶烟、珊西烟,在心叶烟上形成耳突及鼠尾叶;在珊西烟上小叶脉坏死,新生叶片沿叶脉坏死或严重皱缩、花叶,在番茄上果实不孕或极少籽粒。     

两种桑树病毒的形态观察与检测

桑树病毒病一直是影响蚕桑产业发展的重要因素之一, 但其病原也尚未完全确认。本研究收集全国不同桑园、不同时间和不同品种的皱缩状和花叶状桑叶样品, 分离病毒后使用透射电子显微镜观察病毒形态特征。结果在桑病叶中分离获得两种病毒, 一种为双联体形态病毒, 长(27.84±1.71)nm, 宽(17.05±1.13)nm, 形态特征与双生病毒属的病毒形态特征一致; 另一种为球状体病毒(80~100 nm), 形态特征与番茄斑萎病毒属的病毒形态特征一致; 桑叶切片观察, 发现同一桑叶材料中存在这两种病毒。通过高通量测序发现其存在桑花叶型萎缩病相关病毒Mulberry mosaic dwarf associated virus (MMDaV)和桑脉带相关病毒Mulberry vein banding associated virus (MVBaV)。设计上述病毒的特异引物, 对158份桑病叶进行PCR检测, MMDaV的检出率为93.04%; 而MVBaV为60.13%, 同时检出率为57.59%。结果表明, MMDaV和MVBaV在桑病叶中普遍存在, 且同时存在。本研究首次在桑树病叶中同时观察并检测到MMDaV和MVBaV, 二者在桑皱缩状和花叶状的桑叶中存在混合感染的现象, 研究结果将为今后深入研究桑病毒病及防控奠定了基础。     

油菜病毒病种子带病毒的初步研究

 感染芜菁花叶型病毒和烟草花叶型病毒的油菜病株种子的种皮内带有病毒,种胚自未成熟到成熟始终不带病毒。
烟草花叶型病毒在种皮内的存活期限长于芜菁花叶型病毒。烟草花叶型毒株61-16号,在"胜利"油菜病株种子的种皮内可以存活26个月以上;芜菁花叶型病毒存活期最长的一个毒株不超过25个月,最短的不到4个月。     

豌豆病毒病病原研究

 1986年至1990年,从豌豆田中采集了150余份病毒病样本,鉴定出蚕豆萎蔫病毒(BB-WV)、芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)、马铃薯Y病毒组分离物、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、莴苣花叶病毒(LMV)、大豆花叶病毒(SMV)、豌豆花叶病毒(PMV)、菜豆黄花叶病毒(BYMV)和苜蓿花叶病毒(AMV)等9种病毒。样本中,BBWV所占的比例最高,达59.2%,其次为CMV,占15.5%。BBWV常与CMV复合侵染豌豆,LMV发生也较普遍。田间调查表明,豌豆病毒病发病率因种植地区及品种不同而有差异,平均发病率为12.4%。     

An unusual isolate of turnip mosaic potyvirus fromAbutilon theophrasti in Piedmont, Italy

An isolate of the poty virus turnip mosaic virus (TuMV-Ab) showing severe mosaic symptoms inAbutilon theophrasti from Piedmont (northwestern Italy) in 1993, has been found to be of an unusual pathotype and serotype. The isolate was easily transmitted byAphyis gossiypii and Myzus persicae and was not seed-transmitted inA. Theophrasti. The host range of TuMV-Ab was different from that of another Piedmont isolate of TuMV fromAlliaria officinalis and from a TuMV isolate fromBrassica napus. TuMV-Ab was characterized using the reactions on the fourB. Napus lines S4, R4, 165 and S1 as the rare pathotype 7, found only once previously in Europe. Tests with polyclonal antisera indicated that TuMV-Ab was only distantly related to the two other TuMV isolates. Serological characterization with a panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies showed that TuMV-Ab belonged to one of the less common serotypes (JPN).     

Effect of viruses on pollen morphology

Many pollen grains from Chenopodium quinoa plants infected with sowhane mosaic sobemovirus (SMV) were collapsed, grooved and had sunken opercula, whereas those from the first flowers of virus-free plants were smooth, rounded and with protuberant opercula. However, pollen grains from later flowers of virus-free plants were similar in appearance to those from the virus-infected plants. Similar but less obvious symptoms were found in pollen of Plantago lanccoiata infected with either ribgrass mosaic tobamovirus or broad bean wilt virus. No symptoms were found in pollen of Hordeum vulgare cv. clipper, H. sponiaitcum or Triticum acstivum infected with barley suripe mosaic hordeivirus, nor in pollen of a Cardaminc sp. naturally infected with a strain of turnip yellow mosaic tymovirus. The symptoms, even those shown by pollen from SMV-infected C quinoa, seemed not to be sufficiently characteristic for diagnosis of virus infection.     

Serotypic variation in turnip mosaic virus

A panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was produced against four isolates of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). The panel was tested in plate-trapped antigen ELISA tests against 41 TuMV isolates (with different host and geographical origins and of differing pathotypes). The antibodies were also tested against four other potyviruses (bean common mosaic virus, bean common mosaic necrosis virus, lettuce mosaic virus and zucchini yellow mosaic virus). The reactions were assessed quantitatively (using multivariate analysis) and qualitatively (using the standard deviation obtained against healthy leaf material). The MAbs recognized 16–17 TuMV epitopes that were not present in the other potyviruses and a further two potyvirus epitopes. The isolates were grouped into three serotypes. Only one isolate did not fit this grouping. The classification of seven isolates in coat protein amino acid sequence homology groups correlated with serotypes. There was no correlation between serotype and pathotype, or between reactions to individual MAbs and single lines. There was therefore no evidence that the epitopes recognized by the MAbs are elicitors for the resistance genes present in the Brassica napus lines. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the MAbs will be useful for both routine detection of TuMV and fundamental studies on plant–virus interactions.     

Further studies on turnip yellow mosaic tymovirus isolates from an endemic Australian Cardamine

Native and introduced species of Cardamine and other brassicas were collected from various parts of south-eastern Australia and tested for sap-transmitted viruses. Isolates of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV-Cd) were obtained from a robust sward-forming (SF) species, C. lilacina , that is an endemic species and restricted to the high glacial cirques of the Kosciusko alpine area. At two sites (Blue Lake and Club Lake) 22% of the plants were infected. An undescribed species of flightless pill beetle, Pedilophorus (Byrrhidae), was found on the C. lilacina SF plants. They preferred feeding on leaf discs infected with TYMV-Cd rather than on virus-free leaf discs and transmitted the virus for 48 h to seedlings of C. lilacina SF (2.5%) or Chinese cabbage (10%).
The pattern of distribution of TYMV-Cd and its close association with Pedilophorus suggested that it is not a recent migrant to the area. The possible time of its arrival is discussed.
A carlavirus was isolated from up to 4% of three other native highland Cardamine species.     

Variation in the pathogenicity of two Turnip mosaic virus isolates in wild UK Brassica rapa provenances

Brassica rapa can be infected with Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) as a result of manual inoculation or aphid transmission, but infected plants have not been found in the field. In this study, B. rapa plants grown from seed collected from two field sites in southern England were mechanically inoculated with one of two distinct isolates (pathotypes) of TuMV under glasshouse conditions. These had either been isolated from Brassica oleracea growing wild in Wales, (GBR 83, pathotype 3) or Dorset (GBR 98, pathotype 1). Use of ELISA as an index of infection in manually inoculated B. rapa showed that although seed provenance had a small effect on the proportion of plants infected, the biggest factor was the virus isolate. Both virus isolates infected both lines of B. rapa , but invaded at different rates, although both resulted in easily discernible symptoms. The severity of symptoms was not related to amounts of virus in the infected plants. A significantly greater proportion of plants were infected with GBR 83 at 45 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.) than GBR 98. but GBR 98 caused significantly more severe and obvious symptoms as well as greater mortality at 119 d.p.i., in plants from both sites than GBR 83.     

Characterization of an isolate of beet mosaic virus from South Kazakhstan

A filamentous virus isolated from a sugar-beet plant showing systemic mosaic collected in South Kazakhstan was identified as an isolate of beet mosaic virus (BMV-K). BMV-K was transmitted by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae in a non-persistent manner, and by sap inoculation to 11 out of 19 species from seven families tested. The virus could not be transmitted to Nicotiana tabacum, N. debneyi, N. glutinosa and N. clevelandii, cither mechanically or with M. persicae. The thermal inactivation point of BMV-K in sugar-beet sap was 55-60 C, dilution end point 1:1000 and longevity in vitro 2 days at 20 C. A purification procedure produced 1-5-3 mg of purified virus from 100 g of infected Stellaria media plants. Purified virus contained a single protein species of molecular weight 34 700 Da. In ELISA tests, BMV-K reacted positively with BMV-specifc antisera obtained from Japan. Germany and Portugal. By competitive DAS- ELISA, the virus isolate was shown to be closely serologically related to all the three isolates of BMV, and very distantly related to bean yellow mosaic and soy bean mosaic viruses.     

Molecular and biological characterization of Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus from Jamaica

The molecular and biological characterization of a begomovirus infecting the common weed Macroptilium lathyroides from Jamaica are reported. The virus showed 92% sequence identity to an isolate of Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) from Cuba, but was distinct from the two other begomoviruses isolated from M. lathyroides , namely Macroptilium yellow mosaic Florida virus (80% identity) and Macroptilium mosaic Puerto Rico virus (68% identity). Hence, the Jamaican begomovirus was considered an isolate of MaYMV and called Macroptilium yellow mosaic virus -[Jamaica] (MaYMV-[JM]). In infectivity studies using cloned DNA-A and DNA-B genomic components, MaYMV-[JM] infected red kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) and produced mild symptoms in Scotch Bonnet pepper ( Capsicum chinense ), but did not infect cabbage ( Brassica oleracea ). This information has implications for the development of strategies to control begomovirus diseases in Jamaica and elsewhere.