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为提高马尾松种子园嫁接成活率和建园质量,在苗圃地培育马尾松砧木并在苗圃地采用套袋嫁接技术嫁接接穗,成活后,将接株移栽到马尾松种子园定植。笔者主要从砧木的培育、穗条的采集、套袋嫁接方式及嫁接苗处理等方面阐述马尾松苗圃地套袋嫁接技术。 相似文献
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油松无性系种子园营建技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文结合当地的实际情况,从园址选择、建园材料选择、砧木培育和嫁接、种子园区划和抚育管理等多个方面详细总结了油松无性系种子园的营建技术和方法。为油松无性系种子园的全面推广,提供参考。 相似文献
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通过对马尾松无性系种子园两种建园程序的对比分析,结果表明先嫁接后定植的建园程序较先定砧后嫁接的建园程序具有3个方面的明显优势:(1)在苗圃培育砧木苗、嫁接和嫁接苗管理,不但管理方便,而且嫁接成活率高;(2)采用容器嫁接苗栽植基本可以一次定植成园,成园后植株生长一致、园相整齐;(3)先嫁接后定植的建园程序建园投资较少,能降低成本7.1%左右,效益明显,具有良好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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对会同县杉木二代种子园立项背景、地理位置、自然条件、社会经济及优势基础作了简要论述,对种子园平面设计原则、区划及效果进行了扼要的描写。系统地总结了二代种子园建立的关键技术:包括定砧与砧木培育、种子园优树来源、优树标准、无性系配置、建园方式与嫁接管理等。 相似文献
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用动态经济评价方法对浙江省南部的庆元杉木种子园的投资结构及经济效益进行了评价。结果表明:(1)该园在20a生产周期内生产性投资61.65万元,占种子园总投资的66.31%,基建、设备投资占33.69%。其中15a产种期投资为52.02万元,占良种生产区总投资57.66万元的90.22%;(2)该园在20a生产周期内销售种子收入达64.41万元,就此一项就回收了61.65万元的生产性投资。净现值为29.66万元,内部收益率达8.0%,成本效益率为1.42元,投资回收期为19.25a;(3)该园良种子代材积的遗传增益为15.39%,因此宏观静态评价为,每投资种子园1元钱成本,可使良种使用者在1个轮伐期后获得180.70元的额外收益,该种子园经济效益和社会效益均十分显著 相似文献
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总结了德化葛坑国有林场2009年营建的秃杉第1代无性系种子园的营建技术,并于2012年5月对建园效果进行调查分析.结果表明:砧木保存率为89.4%,嫁接保存率为86.9%,嫁接植株的正冠率为82.3%;2010年嫁接的植株平均树高、地径和冠幅分别为1.2m、3.1 cm、0.8m,最优株树高1.8m、胸径1.6 cm、冠幅1.3m. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):88-98
Abstract The effect of various biological, genetic, economic and management factors relevant to advanced generation seed orchard establishment was investigated using numerical estimates for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Sweden. Factors considered were planting density, rate of genetic advance in the breeding population, timing of first seed collection, seed value, seed production cost (stratified to establishment, annual management, cone harvest and seed extraction), orchard rotation age and contamination level. The developed model demonstrated its utility in studying and evaluating various economic and biological options associated with advanced generation seed orchard establishment/turnover. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the robustness of the developed model through various arbitrarily changes in genetic gain advances, establishment, management and seed production, particularly those associated with cone harvests from upper crown and costs. The Swedish Scots pine case study produced results supporting faster turnover of seed orchard generations (30 vs 40 years) with shorter orchard lifespan (early start of seed cone after 8 years vs 15 years) delivering higher gain through minimizing the genetic gain differential between the breeding and production populations and allowing the capture of this gain for inclusion in the seed orchards. Orchard planting densities of 400 and 600 grafts per hectare produced similar results with marginal differences, and the latter was recommended for future orchard establishment. 相似文献
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为了比较华北落叶松初选优良家系的种子萌发特性和苗期生长性状,对8个家系和种子园混合株系、母树林及人工林种子的千粒重、饱满率等表型性状,室内发芽率和圃地发芽率等萌发特性,2a生苗的苗高、地径、生物量等生长性状进行了测量分析,结果表明:华北落叶松家系46、家系75、家系9和家系74的发芽率分别为96.00%、78.00%、90.00%和94.67%,苗高分别为35.6cm、33.0cm、32.8cm和31.4cm,地径分别为5.43mm、6.06mm、5.47mm和5.39mm;这4个家系在发芽指数、苗高和地径方面综合表现好于种子园、母树林和人工林,其隶属函数值为人工林的4倍以上,较母树林和种子园也高出35%以上。 相似文献
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马尾松第二代无性系种子园营建技术试验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
介绍了福建省顺昌埔上国有林场和邵武故县国有林场马尾松第二代无性系种子园建立技术和管理技术措施。通过4 a的实施,埔上国有林场和故县国有林场分别建成了面积为7 hm2和8 hm2的马尾松第二代无性系种子园。埔上国有林场建园的103个无性系嫁接后2.5 a平均抽高达184.8 cm,平均嫁接保存率达73.03%,长势良好;故县国有林场建园的97个无性系嫁接后1 a平均抽高达60.9 cm,平均嫁接保存率达94.0%,长势良好。文中还对今后的经营管理提出了方向。 相似文献
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通过对杉木容器嫁接苗培育的试验与生产推广实践,总结出容器制作、基质配比,容器砧木苗定植摆放、嫁接,苗期管理及容器嫁接苗出圃等一整套成功的操作技术。培育出的苗木达到了苗干通直、高度80 cm以上、轻质的理想效果,为新建分步式种子园和原有种子园间伐后补植改造提供了技术保障。 相似文献
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【目的】研究与评价马尾松一代、二代无性系种子园的遗传增益及改良效果,指导马尾松良种选育、生产及应用。【方法】利用营建在浙江省淳安县燕山林场和福建省邵武市卫闽林场的6年生马尾松一代和二代自由授粉家系遗传测定林,分析不同世代种子园子代生长性状的遗传变异,并进行家系育种值估算及生长评价。【结果】马尾松不同世代的种子园子代生长差异很大,其树高、胸径和单株材积等生长量显著大于马尾松优良天然林分的混系子代,其中一代种子园子代各家系单株材积表型值和育种值分别大于优良天然林分混系55.78%~84.62%和40.66%~71.39%,二代其值分别大于优良天然林分混系58.96%~108.97%和42.97%~91.89%,二代种子园子代的平均生长量和遗传稳定性总体上高于一代种子园子代。树高、胸径和单株材积等主要生长性状在世代内家系间的生长差异均达极显著水平,在一代种子园子代中最优家系的树高、胸径和单株材积分别大于最差家系21.94%、30.72%和97.75%,在二代种子园子代中最优家系的树高、胸径和单株材积分别大于最差家系23.42%、29.60%和90.09%,说明种子园中对亲本材料的再选择非常重要。依据子代的单株材积育种值在两测定点的位次及其变幅大小,将38个家系分成速生型、较速生稳定型、较速生不稳定型和慢生型4类,各类所占家系数分别有23.68%、26.32%、21.05%和28.95%,其中速生型和较速生稳定型家系所对应的亲本无性系可作为新建马尾松二代无性系种子园的优良建园材料。种子园子代主要生长性状的地点×家系、区组×家系的互作效应极显著,说明各家系在不同立地环境中生长表现不一致。【结论】马尾松无性系种子园良种效益显著,二代增益大于一代。通过选择速生型和较速生稳定型家系将有助于种子园建园亲本的再选择、现有种子园的留优去劣疏伐和重建新的种子园。鉴于子代主要生长性状的基因型与环境互作使各家系在不同立地环境中生长表现不同,建议对子代生长表现突出、结实量较多的无性系进行单系采种利用。 相似文献
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The characteristic decline in height growth that occurs over a tree's lifespan is often called "age-related decline." But is the reduction in height growth in aging trees a function of age or of size? We grafted shoot tips across different ages and sizes of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees to determine whether the decline in height growth is mediated by tree size or by the age of the apical meristem. We also evaluated whether reduced carbon assimilation plays an important role in height growth decline. In one experiment we cut shoot tips from old-growth, young-mature and seedling trees and grafted them onto 2-year-old graft-compatible rootstock in a seed orchard in Lebanon, Oregon. In another experiment we performed reciprocal grafts between lateral branches of old-growth trees accessible from the canopy crane at Wind River, Washington and young-mature trees in a nearby plantation. We measured growth (diameter and elongation of the dominant new stem) and mortality annually for three years in the Seed Orchard experiment and for two years in the Reciprocal Graft experiment. In the Seed Orchard experiment we also measured photosynthetic capacity (determined from the response of net carbon assimilation to the intercellular CO(2) concentration of the leaf, or A/C(i) curves), leaf mass per area (LMA) and carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) of cellulose in 1-year-old foliage. Grafting caused changes in both growth and physiology of the grafted stems. Within two years after grafting, growth and physiology of all combinations of scions and rootstock exhibited characteristics of the rootstock. In some cases, the change in growth was dramatic-cuttings from old-growth trees showed a 10-fold increase in stem elongation rate within 2 years of grafting onto seedling rootstock. Similarly, carbon isotope discrimination of new foliage on shoots from old-growth trees increased by nearly 3 per thousand and 2 per thousand after grafting onto young-mature and seedling rootstock, respectively, whereas discrimination decreased by a similar magnitude in scions from young-mature trees after grafting on old- growth trees. Furthermore, differences in carbon assimilation estimated from carbon isotope discrimination and A/C(i )relationships were small relative to growth differences. Our results confirm that size, not age, drives developmental changes in height growth in Douglas-fir. Reduced carbon assimilation does not play an important role in height growth decline. 相似文献
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大规模生产杉木改良苗木的方法 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
1986年李明鹤把林木改良区分为个体改良与群体改良,并在此基础上提出了采用无性系选择法,分两步迅速实现杉木良种化的方案。从1986年起,经三年的实验,现已完成了第一步,并研究出了建立采穗圃的新技术,它有助于使我国杉木造林迅速实现良种化。现将研究的结果报道如下。 相似文献