水貂新品种——金州黑色标准水貂近年生产状况

金州黑色标准水貂的育种成果 ,于 1 999年1 2月曾获得对外贸易经济合作部科技进步一等奖 ,并于 2 0 0 0年 5月通过农业部畜禽品种审定委员会审定 ,确定金州黑色标准水貂为我国水貂新品种。近年来 ,我国养殖行业很关注金州黑色标准水貂这一新品种的发展动态 ,也很关心审定后的大群生产情况及其经济效益。现仅就该品种在原产地大连市金州珍贵毛皮动物公司水貂场近两年的实际生产情况简要介绍如下。据 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 2年 1 6440只母貂和 40 0 0多只公貂的繁殖情况统计 ,受配率达 98% ,公貂利用率约 95 % ,产仔率 86 8% ,仔貂成活率 92 % ,年…     

3种水貂资源群体生长曲线的拟合和比较

为研究明华黑色水貂、金州黑色标准水貂、咖啡色水貂的生长发育规律,使用Logistic和Gompertz两种模型对体重数据进行了拟合分析。结果表明:Gompertz模型的拟合度最高,拟合结果最接近观测值。咖啡色水貂生长最快,公貂最慢为明华黑色水貂,母貂最慢为金州黑色标准水貂。     

金州珍贵毛皮动物公司简介

金 州珍贵毛皮动物公司水貂场　是辽宁华曦集团公司的直属企业 ,也是全国惟一的国营水貂场。金 州水貂场　始建于 1 95 8年 ,占地面积 1 3 5ｍ2 ,固定资产 490 0万元 ,流动资产1 660万元。主要饲养水貂、狐、貉、紫貂、艾虎等珍贵毛皮动物。其中水貂种兽存栏 2万头 ,年产仔貂 7万余头。主要品种有 2 0 0 3年引进的纯种美国短毛漆黑貂 2 668头 ;金州黑色标准水貂 1 1 0 0 0头 ;1 999年从丹麦引进的深棕色、浅棕色、红眼白水貂 2 0 0 0头 ,深受国内外客户喜爱。种兽存栏量较少的银兰貂、珍珠貂 30 0 0头 ;蓝宝石、吉林白、黑十字、米黄色貂共…     

金州黑色标准水貂的选育

金州黑色标准水貂是以美国标准水貂为父本 ,丹麦标准水貂为母本 ,选育而成的水貂优良新品种 ,它具有高产、优质、低耗、适应性强的特点 ,发展前景广阔。     

3种配种方式对丹麦咖啡色水貂产仔性能的影响

为探索不同配种方式对丹麦咖啡色水貂繁殖的影响,选取健康母貂270只,随机平分为A、B、C 3组,A、B、C 3组内各设3个平行组,依次为A_1、A_2、A_3,B_1、B_2、B_3,C_1、C_2、C_3组,每小组30只;A组母貂配种1次,B组母貂配种2次、C组母貂配种3次;配种方式为1,1+8,1+8+1。在相同的环境及饲养条件下进行饲养,观察统计母貂的产仔率、平均产仔数、平均存活数、妊娠期等指标。结果表明:A组和B组之间平均产仔数无明显差异,但A、B两组之间妊娠期差异极显著,且A组的平均产仔率与平均存活数明显低于B组;C组与A组之间平均产仔数差异显著,且A组妊娠期明显高于C组,但C组的产仔率和平均存活数远远大于A组。通过试验发现,采用1+8+1的方式配种,产仔率高,平均产仔数和平均存活数高。     

金州珍贵毛皮动物公司两项科研成果获部奖

1999年 1 2月外贸部科技司 ,对中国“金州黑标准水貂育种”和“褪黑激素在水貂养殖中的推广应用技术” ,组织了部级领导和专家参加的评审工作 ,经过严格评审结果为 :“金州黑色标准水貂育种”获外贸部科技进步成果一等奖 ;“褪黑激素在水貂养殖中的推广应用技术”获外贸部科技进步成果三等奖。专家评审一致认为 :“金州黑标准水貂”历经 1 1年的育种 ,成果显著 ,具有广泛的开发前景和实用价值 ,对于改变我国水貂种群质量 ,整体提高中国水貂的生产水平和毛皮质量 ,将产生重大的现实意义 ,并带来可观的经济效益。“褪黑激素的推广应用技术”用…     

金州黑色标准水貂对中国养貂行业的影响

介绍了金州黑色标准水貂这一品种的培育过程和优良特性 ,阐述了该水貂新品种对推动中国水貂养殖行业的发展将起到很大的作用     

水貂的饲养管理与繁殖

正1水貂的生物学特性1.1貂的听觉、嗅觉灵敏,性情凶猛,攻击性强,行动敏捷,善游泳和潜水,多在夜间活动,猎取食物。1.2水貂每年春季发情交配,妊娠期为46天,每胎产5~6仔,春秋各换毛一次。1.3水貂寿命12~15年,笼养种貂只能利用2~3年,少数优良种貂可利用4~5年。2选育选种标准2.1公母貂选择标准:公母选留比例1∶3~4。2.2成年公貂的选择:发情配种开始早,性情温顺,交配能力强(一季交配次数为8次以上),精液品质好。2.3成年母貂的选择:发情正常,交配顺利,妊娠期短(55天以内),产仔早(5月15日前),窝产仔多(5只以上)母性强,乳量足,所产仔兽发育正常,成活率高的留     

水貂酪氨酸酶(TYR)基因克隆、SNPs筛查及其皮肤组织mRNA差异表达分析

旨在克隆和分析水貂酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)基因编码区,揭示该基因编码区SNPs及其皮肤组织mRNA差异表达规律与水貂毛色表型的关系。本研究采集7月龄雄性金州黑水貂、名威银蓝水貂和红眼白水貂共计301个样本的血液,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法对水貂TYR基因5个外显子进行分段克隆,并拼接获得其完整编码区序列(coding sequence,CDS);采用PCR产物直接测序技术筛查3种毛色水貂外显子1、4和5中的SNPs;采集9只7月龄雄性水貂(黑、灰与白色被毛各3只)背中部皮肤组织,通过实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)技术检测TYR基因mRNA在3种毛色水貂皮肤组织中的表达水平。结果表明,克隆的水貂TYR基因序列长2 391 bp,由5个外显子组成,编码区长1 596 bp,编码的531个氨基酸中包括信号肽(18个氨基酸)和成熟肽(513个氨基酸),该序列已上传GenBank(KJ716783)。SNPs筛查发现,3种毛色水貂TYR基因外显子4和5不存在突变位点,外显子1发现2处变异:c.441GA和c.138TA,c.441GA为同义突变且仅存在于金州黑水貂群体。qRT-PCR分析显示,TYR基因mRNA在3种毛色水貂皮肤组织中均表达,且在金州黑水貂中的表达极显著高于银蓝水貂和红眼白水貂(P0.01),在银蓝水貂中的表达显著高于红眼白水貂(P0.05)。研究结果提示,TYR基因c.138TA位点及其皮肤组织mRNA差异表达水平与水貂毛色显著关联。     

水貂TYR基因T138A位点多态性及其与毛色性状的关联分析

试验旨在检测水貂酪氨酸酶（tyrosinase,TYR）基因T138A位点的多态性,并分析其与水貂毛色表型的相关性。提取5种被毛色型430只水貂血液基因组DNA,采用PCR-RFLP技术,对TYR基因T138A位点进行多态性检测,统计等位基因频率与基因型频率,通过卡方（χ²）独立性检验分析该位点多态性与水貂毛色性状的相关性。结果表明,T138A位点存在2个等位基因T和A,形成TT、TA和AA 3种基因型,AA基因型在吉林白水貂群体中为优势基因型（0.9069）,而TT基因型为金州黑水貂、珍珠水貂、咖啡水貂和银蓝水貂群体的优势基因型,其中在金州黑水貂群体中基因型频率最高（1.0000）。关联分析表明,TYR基因T138A位点的多态性与毛色性状呈极显著相关（P<0.0001）。表明TYR基因T138A位点可能是影响水貂毛色的主控位点或与调控白色被毛表型主控位点连锁的分子标记。     

Plasma LH, Ovulation and Conception Rates in Cats Mated Once or Three Times on Different Days of Oestrus

Although cats are induced ovulators, the relationship between the day of breeding, the number of matings and the likelihood of ovulation and conception have not been extensively investigated. In this experiment, cats were mated either once or three times on day 1 or day 5 of oestrus to study the incidence of the LH surge, ovulation and conception rates. The percentage ovulating and the conception rates after a single mating on day 1 of oestrus were 60% (6/10) and 33.3% (2/6), respectively, and for cats mated once on day 5 of oestrus were 83.3% (10/12) and 40% (4/10), respectively. When cats were mated three times on day 1 of oestrus, the ovulation rates and conception rates were 70% (7/10) and 85.7% (6/7), respectively, and for those mated three times on day 5 of oestrus were 100% (10/10) and 100% (10/10), respectively. The concentration of LH did not increase in non-ovulating cats, and cats that were mated three times had LH concentrations that were numerically higher than those that were mated once. Litter size was neither related to the day of mating nor to the number of matings. Although an increase in the number of matings on day 1 of oestrus produced a numerically larger LH surge, it did not increase the ovulation rate, suggesting that plasma oestradiol concentrations were not sufficiently elevated to induce a high pituitary response to mating stimulation. The conception rate after a single mating was low, suggesting that the number of sperm per mating was not sufficient. These results suggest that mating more than once in the middle of oestrus is required to improve ovulation rates and conception rates in cats.     

Conception rates in farm mink (Neovison vison) in relation to first mating date,age and color variety

The aim of the study was to analyze the effects of the first mating date, age and color variety on the conception rates in farm mink. We analyzed female mink reproductive performance in 492 Sapphire and 463 Standard Black females over 3 or 4 years. The analysis included the number of inefficient matings, the interval between the first inefficient mating and the efficient mating (copulation) and the conception rates. The results show a significant effect of female's age and color variety on the conception rates. The youngest, yearling females of either color needed a higher number of matings per conception, as compared to older, 2‐ and 3‐year‐old females. Black females demonstrated a higher number of inefficient matings (1.066), as compared with Sapphires (0.730). Yearling females were most often mated from 1 to 10 March, and older females from 11 to 20 March. Older females achieved better conception rates than the yearlings. Dates between 11 and 25 March proved to be the optimum for the first mating, since the highest conception rates were observed if the females had mated during this period.     

桑毛虫性信息素研究——Ⅱ.桑毛虫成虫的生物学特性

本文报道桑毛虫成虫的生物学特性,特别对成虫的交配习性作了较详细的描述.成虫在羽化后的1—7天内都有交配能力,其中以羽化次日晚的交配率为最高,羽化当天交配率偏低.其原因主要与成虫的性成熟程度有关.凌晨3:00—4:00是成虫性活跃的高峰时间,亦是雌雄交配的盛期.而傍晚前后的活动则与交配无关.雄成虫有多次交配习性,交配次数0—3次.雌蛾则多为一次交配,很少交配两次的.在雌雄成虫比例相当或雌少雄多时,其交配率均相仿.成虫从羽化到交配产卵约需1—2天.     

不同配种模式对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探讨不同配种方式对二元母猪产仔数的影响,以杜洛克猪、长白猪、大白猪、皮特兰猪四个品种公猪精液采用人工授精的方法对11654头长大二元母猪配种,对所产11654窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数、窝损失等进行统计和分析,分析不同配种模式对二元母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,配种次数、不同品种公猪组合配种对二元母猪总产仔数、产活仔数以及窝损失均无显著影响（P〉0.05）,但杜洛克公猪所配二元母猪的总产仔数和窝产仔数均高于大白和长白猪（P〈0.05）;采用长×杜×大组合配种的二元母猪总产仔数和窝产活仔数均高于其它三种组合。试验结果表明,在生产中,可在长白、大白、杜洛克猪中任选两个品种,通过二次配种的方式提高母猪的产仔数。     

水貂ASIP基因单倍型检测及其皮肤组织mRNA差异表达分析

试验旨在探究鼠灰色（agouti signaling protein，ASIP）基因单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms，SNPs）形成的单倍型及皮肤组织差异表达mRNA对水貂被毛色素沉积的影响。通过PCR扩增、Sanger测序技术对金州黑水貂、红眼白水貂和名威银蓝水貂ASIP基因进行SNPs单倍型检测分析，利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测3种毛色皮肤组织ASIP基因的表达量，分析单倍型及mRNA差异表达与毛色表型的相关性。结果表明，301个样本中共检测到10个SNPs，内含子2中4个SNPs （G18A、A159G、G235T、C1189T）共形成10种单倍型（Hap1~Hap10），其中Hap1（GAGC）和Hap2（GAGT）是3种不同毛色水貂群体的共享单倍型；部分内含子3中6个SNPs （C252T、A290C、G298C、A340G、T343C、T379C）形成4种单倍型（Hap1~Hap4），且Hap2（CCCGCC）是名威银蓝水貂群体的主体单倍型。5个位点（A290C、G298C、A340G、T343C、T379C）均处于完全连锁不平衡状态。实时荧光定量PCR检测显示，金州黑水貂和名威银蓝水貂ASIP基因mRNA表达量分别是红眼白水貂的1.25和0.95倍，三者间差异不显著（P>0.05）。研究结果初步提示，ASIP基因调控水貂不同毛色表型形成的分子机制可能存在差异。     

Effect of Mating Frequency on Sow Reproductive Performance under Field Conditions and Natural Mating in Large Outdoor Production Units

The effect of mating frequency on fertility and litter size of sows, kept in outdoor production systems was investigated. Sows that were mated once or twice during a single oestrus were included in the study to compare the effect of number of matings on farrowing rate and litter size. Natural mating was used during the study period. Four groups of sows of parity two or more were either mated once 28–30 h after the onset of oestrus or were mated 28–30 h after the onset of oestrus and again 24 h later. The farrowing rate did not differ significantly between single‐ and double‐mated sows, although a noticeable but non‐significant depression in farrowing rate was evident between the groups of single‐mated and double‐mated animals. With the exception of total‐born litter size (p > 0.05), the total number born and number of live‐born piglets per litter were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the group of sows that received only one mating compared with the double‐mated animals. The implication of these results is that the double mating by natural service of sows kept in an outdoor production systems may improve litter size.     

水貂酪氨酸酶(TYR)基因克隆、SNPs筛查及其皮肤组织mRNA差异表达分析

旨在克隆和分析水貂酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)基因编码区,揭示该基因编码区SNPs及其皮肤组织mRNA差异表达规律与水貂毛色表型的关系.本研究采集7月龄雄性金州黑水貂、名威银蓝水貂和红眼白水貂共计301个样本的血液,利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法对水貂TYR基因5个外显子进行分段克隆,并拼接获得其完整编码...     

Relationship Analysis Between the Polymorphism of T138A Locus in TYR Gene and Hair Color in Mink (Neovison vison)

In order to detect the polymorphism of T138A locus in tyrosinase (TYR) gene in mink and analyze the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and phenotypes of mink hair color, the blood samples of 430 minks with five kinds of different hair color were taken and their genomic DNA were extracted. The T138A locus of TYR gene in mink was detected using PCR-RFLP method. Allele frequency and genotype frequency were calculated. Furthermore, the relationship between the polymorphism of T138A locus and hair color trait were analyzed by the statistical method of Chi-square independence test. The results showed that the T138A locus polymorphism was found with two alleles T and A,and three genotypes of TT, TA and AA. AA genotype was dominant genotype in Jilin White mink (0.9069), TT genotype was dominant genotype in Jinzhou Black mink,Pearl mink,Coffee mink and Silverblue mink, and existed mainly in Jizhou Black mink (1.0000). The association analysis of T138A locus polymorphism with hair color trait indicated that there was extremely significant correlation between TYR gene polymorphism and hair color of mink (P < 0.0001). This results indicated that the T138A locus might affect hair color phenotype, or molecular marker linked with the major gene regulating the white hair phenotype of mink.     

聊城金桥蓝狐育种核心群选育研究

通过组建聊城金桥蓝狐核心群,采用等级选配、品质选配与亲缘选配等综合技术制定选育方案。经连续六个世代选育,成年种公狐体长（78.30±1.74）cm,体重（14.90±0.79）kg;成年母狐体长（65.22±1.24）cm,体重（8.49±0.32）kg。金桥蓝狐背中部被毛密度均在18000根/cm2以上,皮张尺码在000级以上占95.94%,平均产仔7.30±0.54只,断奶成活5.34±0.64只,仔狐断乳成活率70%以上。与F1相比,成年公狐体长提高11.22%（P〈0.01）,体重提高48.70%（P〈0.01）,成年母狐体长提高13.23%（P〈0.01）,体重提高22.16%（P〈0.01）,胎平均产仔降低3.95%,断奶成活降低4.47%。金桥蓝狐群体遗传性能稳定,体型外貌整齐一致,性状的变异较小。F6成年公狐体长、体重变异系数分别为2.0%和5.3%,成年母狐体长、体重变异系数分别为2.0%和3.8%。