Andalasin A, a new stilbene dimer from Morus macroura

A new stilbene dimer, andalasin A (1), together with the known stilbene oxyresveratrol and the 2-arylbenzofuran glycoside mulberroside C, have been isolated from the wood of Morus macroura. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compound 1 shows weak antinematodal and moderate antifungal properties.     

Diptoindonesin A,a new C-glucoside of epsilon-viniferin from Shorea seminis (Dipterocarpaceae)

A new C-glucoside of epsilon-viniferin, named diptoindonesin A (1), was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the tree bark of Shorea seminis, together with the known stilbene oligomers (-)-ampelopsin A (2), (-)-alpha-viniferin (3), and (-)-hopeaphenol (4). The structure of 1 was determined from spectroscopic evidence.     

Artoindonesianins N and O,new prenylated stilbene and prenylated arylbenzofuran derivatives from Artocarpus gomezianus

A new prenylated stilbene, named artoindonesianin N (1) and a new prenylated arylbenzofuran, named artoindonesianin O (2), were isolated from Artocarpus gomezianus Wall. ex Trec. (Moraceae). Their structures were elucidated as 1 and 2 on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Along with these new compounds, a known phenolic compound was also isolated from this plant and identified as oxyresveratrol (3).     

Constituents of Gnetum montanum

A new stilbene, gnetifolin M (1), was isolated from the lianas of Gnetum montanum, together with seven known compounds, resveratrol (2), gnetol (3), 4', 5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, ursolic acid, and tetracosanoic acid. The structure of 1 was determined to be 2-(5'-methoxy-3'-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxybenzofuran on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.     

Stilbenes from Sphaerophysa salsula

A new stilbene, (trans)-4-[2-(3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) ethenyl]-1,2-benzenediol (1), was isolated from the whole herbs of Sphaerophysa salsula, together with (trans)-4-[2-(3, 5-dimethoxy phenyl) ethenyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2) and daucosterol. The structure of 1 was determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidences.     

A new stilbene glycoside from Elephantorrhiza goetzei.

A new stilbene glycoside, 5-methoxy-(E)-resveratrol 3-O-rutinoside (1) was isolated from the root bark of Elephantorrhiza goetzei, along with known compounds, namely gallic acid, (E)-resveratrol, (+/-)-catechin, (+/-)-gallocatechin and oleanene triterpenoids. The combined ethyl acetate-methanol extract exhibited high lethality against brine shrimp larvae (LC(50) 10.8 ppm) compared to the isolates, some of which were not active.     

Stilbenes and flavonoids from Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis

The first stilbene possessing a γ-aminobutyric acid lactam function, artocarpene (1), and a new flavanone, 2-hydroxynaringenin 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated from the stems of Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis along with four known compounds, 2-hydroxynaringenin (3), oxyresveratrol (4), 3,4′,5-trihydroxy-3′-prenylstilbene (5) and norartocarpetin (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 exhibited weak antioxidant activity and 2 displayed weak cytotoxicity against human lung cancer A549 cell line.     

Stilbenes and resin acids in relation to the penetration of Heterobasidion annosum through the bark of Picea abies

Concentrations of the stilbene glucosides astringin and isorhapontin, which ranged from 5 to 50 mg/g fresh weight in Picea abies bark, decreased in response to in vivo infection with the root-rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum. The initial concentration of the stilbene astringin was negatively correlated with the depth of hyphal penetration. Resin acid contents increased following infec-tion, but were not correlated with the depth of hyphal penetration. The spatial distribution of stilbene glucosides in spruce stem, root collar and root bark, and the seasonal variations in con-centration, were estimated.     

Variation in the levels of the antifungal stilbene glucosides astringin and isorhapontin in the bark of Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.

The concentrations of the constitutive antifungal stilbene glucosides astringin and isorhapontin were measured in the bark of a number of Sitka spruce [Picea sitcbensis (Bong.) Carr.] genotypes. These included trees of different provenances, trees grown at different sites, and young clonal plants. The stilbene contents of individual trees or clones varied widely. In general this was attributable to variation between individual genotypes, and was not related to provenance or site.     

The reactions of lignosulfonic acid with chlorosulfamic acid

Summary A commercial lignosulfonate preparation consumed a small amount of chlorosulfamic acid. The reaction was probably due to the presence of sulfite in the preparation and to some reactive lignin groups. About one tenth of these reactive groups seem to be stilbene groups. The structures of the other groups are unknown. Simple phenols did not react or reacted only slowly with chlorosulfamic acid.     

Intra- and inter-provenance variability in phloem phenols of Picea abies and relationship to a bark beetle-associated fungus

One hundred Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones (three ramets per clone) were analyzed for phloem phenol composition and concentration before and 10 days after wound inoculation with sterile malt agar. Fifty clones (Experiment 1) belonged to the same provenance, whereas the remaining clones (Experiment 2) belonged to five provenances from three geographic areas. In Experiment 2, two additional ramets from the same clones were mass inoculated with Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau to quantify the resistance of each clone. Tree response to wound inoculations was characterized by increased catechin concentration in both experiments, accompanied by increases in astringin and decreases in piceid in Experiment 1. In both experiments, we observed a diverse group of phenolic compounds whose concentrations increased (catechin, astringin) or did not vary (taxifolin glucoside) in response to wound inoculations, whereas concentrations of a homogeneous group of stilbene compounds decreased (piceid) or did not vary (isorhapontin, unidentified stilbene). In Experiment 2, provenances from the alpine and Hercynian-Carpatic areas differed from provenances from the Baltic area with respect to the relative importance of these two groups of compounds, further indicating that the two groupings of phenolic compounds structure the Norway spruce populations. Eighty days after mass inoculation, the percentage of healthy sapwood, which was taken as a measure of tree resistance, indicated that clones from the Baltic area were less resistant to mass inoculations than clones from the alpine and Hercynian-Carpatic areas. We conclude that the degree of resistance of Norway spruce trees to mass inoculations with a bark beetle-associated fungus can be predicted based on the diversity of constitutive phloem phenols and the ability to induce phenol synthesis in response to wounding.     

中国等节叶蜂族一新属二新种*(膜翅目:蔺叶蜂科)

报道了中国蔺叶蜂科蔺叶蜂亚科等节叶蜂族１新属２新种：金蓝聂氏叶蜂Ｎｉｅａｍｅｔａｌｉｃａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,亚蓝聂氏叶蜂Ｎｉｅａｓｕｂｍｅｔａｌｉｃａｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．．     

New megastigmane sesquiterpene and indole alkaloid glucosides from the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinense DC

A new megastigmane sesquiterpene glucoside named chaihuxinoside A (1), and a new indole diglucoside named chaihuxinoside B (9) were isolated from the aerial parts of Bupleurum chinense DC. along with eight known compounds. Structures of two new compounds were elucidated by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic methods. Chaihuxinosides A and B were characterized as 11-hydroxyl-4-en-3,9-dioxo- megastigmane-11-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), and 3-carboxy-indole-10-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (9), respectively.     

Millaurine A, a new guanidine alkaloid from seeds of Millettia laurentii

A new guanidine alkaloid, millaurine A (1), was isolated from the methanol extract of the seeds of Millettia laurentii. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.     

Benzophenone glycosides and epicatechin derivatives from Malania oleifera

A new benzophenone C-glycoside, malaferin A (1), and two new epicatechin derivatives, malaferin B (2) and malaferin C (3), together with five known compounds were isolated from Malania oleifera. In addition, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-benzoate (6) was isolated for the first time from a natural resource. Structures of 1-3 were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All of the compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activities.     

Antifungal limonoids from the fruits of Khaya senegalensis

Investigation of the fruits of Khaya senegalensis resulted in the isolation of three new mexicanolide limonoids containing a rare conjugated diene lactone system named seneganolide A (1), 2-hydroxyseneganolide A (2) and 2-acetoxyseneganolide A (3). Two known limonoids, 3-deacetyl-7-deacetoxy-7-oxokhivorin (4) and methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate (5), were also found. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral methods. The antifungal activity of compounds 1, 3 and 5 was tested against the fungus Botrytis cinerea.     

Biochanin A triglycoside from Andira inermis

A new isoflavonol triglycoside, biochanin A 7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->5)-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6 )-beta-D- glucopyranoside (1), was isolated from Andira inermis roots in addition to the known compounds genistein 7-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and lanceolarin.     

7-O-(6-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-rutin from leaves of Canthium dicoccum

A new flavonol glycoside, characterized as 7-O-(6-O-benzoyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-rutin (1), has been isolated from the leaves of Canthium dicoccum. Detailed 1H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and TOCSY NMR as well as positive and negative electrospray MS and MS/MS data have been provided for the new compound.