我国玉米螟防治技术研究概况

综述了我国玉米螟防治技术的研究历史、现状及进展，着重介绍了抗螟育种、化学防治、生物防治、物理防治和农业措施防治玉米螟的研究进展，并讨论了我国玉米螟防治技术中存在的问题及发展方向。     

我国玉米病毒病防治技术研究概况

综述了我国玉米病毒病防治技术的研究历史、现状及进展。着重介绍了抗病育种、农业防治、化学防治、治虫防病和生态防治等措施防治玉米病毒病的研究进展。并讨论了我国玉米病毒病防治技术中存在的问题及发展方向。     

山区茶园主要病虫害无公害防治技术要点

无公害茶叶生产已成为全国茶区一个热点 ,发展无公害茶叶已成为当前山区茶农致富奔小康的重要途径。但是 ,无公害茶叶生产中一些技术问题 ,特别是病虫害无公害防治技术在一定程度上制约着无公害茶叶的发展 ,亟待解决。本文根据丽水市无公害茶叶生产实践 ,就山区茶园病虫害无公害防治的有关技术作一阐述。1　山区茶园病虫害无公害防治的思路无公害茶园病虫害防治应实行综合防治 ,即从茶园生态系的整体平衡来考虑 ,不要只局限于防治对象 ,既要考虑当时当地的病虫种类 ,还要考虑到未来和环境保护 ,既要考虑当前的利益和效益 ,更要考虑长远的影…     

棉花病虫草模式化简易综合防治技术

棉花病虫草种类繁多 ,发生时间不一 ,加之现在农药品种层出不穷 ,使棉农在防治上很难把握而常发生错误 ,致使防效低 ,成本高 ,严重的因防治失控而造成减产。因此生产上棉农们很需一套模式化的简易有效的棉花病虫草综合防治技术。对此我们经过多年的试验筛选和组装 ,并经过成片面积 (6 7hm2 )的多点示范 ,研究出一套棉花生育全程病虫草模式化简易综合防治技术。由于利用了棉花超补偿的生理特性和综合防治的平衡控制理论 ,使这套模式化简易综防技术可比常规防治减少打药次数 10～ 15次 ,减少农药及用工生产成本 2 2 5 0～30 0 0元 hm2 ,增产…     

桔小实蝇及其SIT防治技术应用研究进展

桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis原产于东南亚，是我国重要的检疫性有害生物。综述了桔小实蝇各虫态发育特性及行为偏好特性，并对SIT防治技术的应用进行了概括，为更好地防治桔小实蝇和应用SIT防治技术提供参考。     

小麦病虫害防治专家系统研究进展

在综述小麦病虫害防治专家系统国内外研究进展的基础上，对现有专家系统的优缺点做了评述，并展望了专家系统在小麦病虫害防治上的应用前景，简要介绍了3S技术，神经网络技术以及internet/intranet等信息技术与专家系统的结合。     

茶树害虫综合防治

本文根据茶园的生态环境条件、茶叶生产与害虫发生的关系以及茶树害虫防治上存在的问题，讨论了茶树害虫综合防治的基本原理和主要技术措施。     

杂交水稻种子生产田病虫害发生特点与防治技术

针对杂交水稻种子生产田病虫害发生特点，提出了预防为主，农业综合防治和强化防治相结合的病虫防治技术。     

冷凉地区有机水稻病虫草害综合防治措施

病虫草无害化综合防治是生产有机水稻的关键技术之一。从1997年开始对冷凉地区有机稻田病虫草害进行了无害化防治技术的研究与探讨,采取了农业、生物、物理、化学防治等一系列防控措施,提出了冷凉地区有机水稻主要病虫草害综合防治建议。     

浅谈茶叶病虫害综合防治

茶叶病虫害自人类发现茶叶有解毒饮用功效并栽培以来．就一直困扰着人们。古代人们多采用人工、物理措施防治病虫。19世纪有机合成农药诞生，才为人类防治植物病虫害发挥了巨大的作用。但随着时间的推移，人们发现单一的有机合成农药防治技术，不仅使病虫产生抗药性，杀伤天敌，而且污染环境，对人类健康造成巨大威胁。上个世纪60年代以后，人类反思有机合成农药的优劣，开始引入生物防治与微生物防治。同时开拓传统的农业、物理防治技术，形成茶叶综合防治的概念。     

不同月份播种对红壤甘蔗干物质与养分积累的影响

甘蔗是广西重要的经济作物.为促进甘蔗高效生产,以甘蔗品种'桂糖42号'为材料,在田间条件下,依据广西甘蔗主要播种月份,设置2月15日、3月15日、4月15日及5月15日4个播种期,分析新植蔗和宿根蔗干物质积累、养分积累及养分经济效率.结果表明,随播期推迟,新植蔗各器官干物质积累量减少;宿根蔗根、叶干物质积累量增加,茎干...     

中国不同地区科技示范县大豆单产及产量相关性状的比较

分别于2010和2011年对全国18和20个省(区)的130和141个大豆科技示范县进行抽样调查,收集当地大豆生产田的单产及其相关性状数据。在此基础上,按大豆栽培区划进行分区统计,并采用多元逐步回归方法判断不同地区影响产量的关键因素。结果表明,各地区大豆的播种期因耕作制度不同和气象条件多样而存在很大差异,变化幅度大小依次为南方>西北>东北>黄淮海;东北地区大豆种植密度最高,西北、黄淮海居中,南方最低。平均单产高低依次为西北>东北>黄淮海>南方。在农艺和产量性状中,株高以东北大豆为最高,其后依次为西北、黄淮海和南方;单株荚数与单株粒数2个性状的地域差异趋势一致,2010年均依次为南方>西北>黄淮海>东北,2011年均依次为西北>南方>黄淮海>东北;黄淮海地区大豆的百粒重最高,西北次之,东北及南方则相对偏低。多元逐步回归结果表明,在东北和南方地区,影响大豆产量的首要因素为单株粒数,而在西北及黄淮海地区则为单位面积株数。文中讨论了不同主产区提高大豆单产的主攻方向。     

海南冬季玉米种植区草地贪夜蛾种群动态调查

对草地贪夜蛾发生情况进行了定点调查与监测。结果表明,海南6个调查点冬季均有草地贪夜蛾为害玉米,为害偏向于苗期、小喇叭口期和大喇叭口期,植株受害率分别为15.59%、13.16%和12.67%,抽雄期后为害显著减少;不同地区草地贪夜蛾幼虫发生程度不同,三亚和东方较为严重,峰值出现在2月,百株虫量分别为33.32头和30.72头,海口和儋州发生较轻,虫态以3龄幼虫所占比例最高;诱捕监测到草地贪夜蛾成虫出现2个峰值,三亚和东方诱虫数量（16.09头和15.07头）显著高于儋州（5.27头）。本研究明确了海南部分冬季玉米种植区草地贪夜蛾的发生动态,南繁区和东方市发生为害较为严重,西部和北部区域种群数量相对较低,研究结果为海南草地贪夜蛾的监测与防控提供依据。     

Compositional and digestibility changes in sprouted barley and canola seeds

Barley and canola seeds were sprouted over a 5 day period, in laboratory conditions under room temperature (22°C) and room lighting. Following initial hydration, seeds were kept moist by wetting the germination trays at 9 a.m., 1 p.m. and 6 p.m. daily. A parallel germination experiment using 200 g quantities of seeds in petri dishes was conducted. Starting from the second day of germination, and every day, dishes of germinating seeds were removed, oven-dried, weighed and milled for proximate and chemical analysis. Seeds from the main germination experiment were fed in a digestibility trial to Wistar rats. Results indicated that sprouting was associated with depletion of many nutrients in both barley and canola, the major losses being in respect of dry matter, gross energy and triglycerides. In barley (but not in canola) sprouting was associated with significant increases in crude fiber and diglyceride content. In canola, there were significant losses in lipid content and increases in phytosterol and phospholipid content. Digestibility data showed an enhancement in digestibility of nutrients in barley but not in canola, implying that sprouting improved nutritional quality of barley but not canola.     

大豆光合生理生态的研究——第14报 大豆不同类型叶细胞中叶绿体的分布及超微结构

大豆叶片棚栏细胞和海绵细胞中叶绿体数量多、体积大,基质较稠密,叶绿体基粒及片层结构较复杂。维管束鞘细胞和平脉叶肉细胞中叶绿体数目较少、体积小、基质较稀疏,叶绿体基粒及片层结构较简单。维管束薄壁细胞中叶绿体数最少、体积最小,结构最简单。叶绿体在不同细胞中的分布和结构的复杂程度与各类细胞的功能及在叶片中的解剖位置有关。     

施硼对双低油菜皖油10号氮磷钾硼的吸收及分配的影响

皖油10号不同施硼水平田间试验结果表明，苗期各器官NPK含量、蕾薹期各器官PK含量、盛花期花蕾和茎NP含量及各器官含B量、成熟期角果和籽粒含K量均随施B量增加（0～0．6mp／kg）而升高，再增加施B量，各元素含量均下降。籽粒NPB含量亦如此，其最大施B量为0．7mg／kg。蕾薹期和盛花期各器官含B量及叶含N量、花蕾含K量均随施B量增加而升高，而苗期植株含B量和盛花期根含N量、茎叶含K量却相反。不同生育期各元素分布是地上部分＞根，其地上部分在盛花期各元素分布是花蕾＞叶＞茎；在成熟期NP主要集中于籽粒，角果次之；KB主要集中于角果，籽粒和茎次之。     

海南三亚和文昌稻田蜻蜓目成虫群落调查分析

蜻蜓目（Odonata）昆虫生活在不同的湿地中,越来越多地被用作评估环境质量及其变化的生物指标。弄清海南稻田蜻蜓目成虫群落组成和种群发展动态,可以为评价海南稻田环境质量提供依据。本研究于2017年对热带地区三亚市和亚热带地区文昌市的第1季和第2季稻田蜻蜓进行抽样调查,结果显示：蜻蜓群落在海南两季水稻不同生长期都稳定存在,种类有5~15种,数量为每百丛(3.70±0.67)~(14.00±0.57)头。蜻蜓群落多样性指数（H′）为2.007~2.193,均匀性指数（J）为0.786~0.808,优势集中性指数（C）为0.148~0.190。三亚和文昌分别采集到蜻蜓成虫3科15种和2科17种,第2季种类多于第1季,共有物种11种,两季群落相似系数（C_s）为0.701,优势种相似系数（C_s）为0.857。在三亚两季的分蘖期、花期和结实期个体数量有显著差异,而文昌两季不同时期个体数量无显著差异。三亚位于南繁区,杯斑小蟌（Agriocnemis femina）、翠胸黄蟌（Ceriagrion auranticum）和截斑脉蜻（Neurothemis tullia）可能是对南繁稻田环境变化敏感的种类。     

Differences in the Vegetative Growth between Common and Tartary Buckwheat in Saline Hydroponic Culture

Abstract

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench cv. Tsushima) and Tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum (L.) Gaertn. cv. Pontivy) were grown in a nutrient solution with or without added NaCl to investigate interspecific differences in their responses to salinity, based on their dry-matter production. The mechanism of salt tolerance was also studied. Addition of 100 mM NaCl to the culture solution (salt treatment) lowered the plant growth rate to 48% and 16% of the control in Tsushima and Pontivy, respectively, and decreased the net assimilation rate and mean leaf area of Pontivy more severely than in Tsushima. The salt treatment decreased the leaf growth rate and leaf area per leaf to 30% and 72% of the control, respectively, in Tsushima, and to 12% and 52%, respectively, in Pontivy. It decreased the photosynthetic rate to 67% and 35% of the control, and stomatal conductance to 25% and 15% of the control in Tsushima and Pontivy, respectively. It also decreased the transpiration rate to 41% and 30% of the control in Tsushima and Pontivy, respectively, and increased the wateruse efficiency 1.6 times in Tsushima, but did not influence the wateruse efficiency in Pontivy. In the saline solution, the accumulation of Na⁺ in leaves and stem was greater in Pontivy than in Tsushima, but that in the roots, was greater in Tsushima than in Pontivy. In both species, Na⁺ accumulated rapidly in the leaves after removal of the roots in the saline solution. We conclude that the difference in salt tolerance between common and Tartary buckwheat may result from the difference in accumulation of Na⁺ in leaves and absorption of Na⁺ by the roots.     

Effects of the Tillering Nodes on the Main Stem of a Chinese Large-Panicle-Type Rice Cultivar,Yangdao 4, on the Growth and Yield-Related Characteristics in Relation to Cropping Season

Abstract

Using a Chinese large-panicle-type high-yielding indica rice cultivar, Yangdao 4 (YD), pot experiments were carried out to determine the effects of the removal of the lower nodal primary tillers on the growth and yield-related characteristics in comparison with a Japanese cultivar, Hinohikari (HH), with almost the same growth duration. The plants with all tillers remaining (Cont), those with tillers from the 5th and higher nodes (T5) and those with tillers from the 8th and higher nodes (T8) were prepared by removing the other tillers and grown in early, normal and late cropping seasons, sowing in late April, May and June, respectively. The lowest nodal primary tillers in each group emerged earlier and the number of days from sowing to flag leaf expansion and to full heading stage was reduced in the late cropping season, especially in HH. The maximum number of stems and number of panicles were larger in HH than in YD, and tended to be higher in the order of Cont > T5 > T8 plants. The average panicle weight per stem was higher in YD than in HH and higher in the order T8 > T5 > Cont. Panicle weight per hill was higher in YD than in HH in each cropping season and higher in early cropping season in both cultivars. Panicle weight decreased with delayed tiller emergence in YD, but not in HH. Panicle weight was more closely related to straw weight in YD than in HH. Therefore, the promotion of vegetative growth by early sowing and development of lower nodal tillers is more effective for attaining a high yield in YD than in HH.     

老挝与广西香蕉品质差异研究

研究老挝琅勃拉邦与广西在同一施肥条件香蕉在果指特征、品质指标以及果皮、果肉中氮、磷、钾元素含量的差异，结果发现：外观性状与内在品质无显著性差异，老挝香蕉瓤皮比高于广西香蕉，且果皮色泽比广西香蕉好；老挝香蕉与广西香蕉果皮中氮、磷、钾元素含量存在显著性差异，果肉中只有氮含量存在显著性差异，果肉中磷、钾含量吾显著性差异。本研究结果为香蕉的施肥调控管理以及市场定位提供了一定的参考价值。