Ghrelin阳性细胞在食蟹猴消化系统中的分布定位

目的:研究ghrelin阳性细胞在食蟹猴消化系统中的分布定位。方法:采用免疫组化SABC法检测ghrelin免疫阳性细胞在食蟹猴消化系统中的分布部位、含量及细胞形态。结果:ghrelin免疫阳性细胞分布于食蟹猴的胃、十二指肠、空肠前段、空肠中段以及胰腺中,而在口腔黏膜、食管、空肠后端至直肠、肝脏中均无表达。结论:食蟹猴内ghrelin阳性细胞的分布与人和其他动物的分布基本相似,ghrelin在进化上具有保守性,物种间存在差异性。     

成年皖西白鹅生殖系统ghrelin的免疫组化定位

为了研究皖西白鹅生殖系统内是否有产生Ghrelin细胞分布，应用免疫组化SABC法并结合DAB显色技术，结果：①在卵巢的生长卵泡中，均有ghrelin免疫阳性细胞，尤其在生长卵泡细胞的颗粒层更为明显；闭锁卵泡的卵泡外腺细胞也呈现ghrelin免疫阳性反应；②在输卵管五段的粘膜层中均观察到ghrelin免疫阳性细胞，其中，漏斗部细胞着色最深，数量最多，膨大部细胞反应最微弱，峡部、子宫部和阴道部ghrelin免疫反应介于二者之间，肌层和外膜均未见ghrelin表达。结论：产生Ghrelin的细胞在成年皖西白鹅卵巢和输卵管中均有广泛的分布，揭示Ghrelin可能调节生殖功能。     

Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞在山羊胃肠道的发育性变化

为探究Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞山羊胃肠道的定位分布、形态特征与发育性变化,选用0、30、60、90、120、150和180日龄雌性济宁青山羊,按试验要求取材后进行免疫组织化学方法染色。结果显示,Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞主要分布在黏膜上皮、腺体和固有层,有"闭合型"和"开放型"2种类型。2种类型细胞在皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和结肠均有分布,但未在瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和直肠中检出。Ghrelin阳性细胞在皱胃中最多,由皱胃至结肠逐渐减少,"闭合型"细胞所占比例也由皱胃至结肠逐步减少。从0～120日龄,皱胃和空肠中阳性细胞数随着年龄增长而增加,150和180日龄有所下降;十二指肠中阳性细胞在90日龄达到高峰。回肠、盲肠和结肠中阳性细胞数较少,均呈现随日龄增长而缓慢增长的趋势。Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞的数量变化表明Ghrelin可能与山羊胃肠道发育密切相关。     

Ghrelin在驯鹿胃肠道的表达及定位检测

通过实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和免疫组织化学技术对Ghrelin在驯鹿胃肠道的表达及定位进行初步研究。RT-qPCR结果显示,Ghrelin在驯鹿胃肠道内均有表达,且在皱胃内表达量极显著高于其他组织(P0.01),其次是十二指肠、回肠和结肠;免疫组织化学结果显示,Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞在皱胃内主要分布于黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃的黏膜层、黏膜下层中也可见Ghrelin的免疫阳性细胞,但肌层中未见表达;在十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层均有Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞分布,且在肠绒毛和黏膜下层分布较多。RT-qPCR和免疫组织化学结果显示,Ghrelin在胃肠道内表达量及分布范围基本一致,这表明Ghrelin对驯鹿的消化可能具有潜在的调控作用。     

Ghrelin在成年皖西白鹅小肠内的免疫组化定位研究

采用免疫组化SABC法并结合DAB显色技术研究了皖西白鹅小肠内Ghrelin阳性细胞及其分布。结果：①Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞主要位于小肠的黏膜层，而黏膜下层和肌层未见Ghrelin阳性细胞。这些阳性细胞，胞浆着色，主要有两类，一类为“闭合型”细胞，呈圆形或椭圆形，其顶部不露于腔面，另一类为“开放型”细胞，呈锥体型，细胞顶部达到腔面。②在十二指肠，“开放型”和“闭合型”两种阳性细胞均可观察到，而在空肠和回肠，主要为“闭合型”阳性细胞。产生Ghrelin的细胞在成年皖西白鹅小肠黏膜层有广泛的分布，揭示Ghrelin可能调节小肠的功能。     

禁食对生长期北京鸭腺胃ghrelin免疫阳性细胞的影响

本研究旨在观察禁食是否对生长期北京鸭腺胃ghrelin免疫阳性细胞生成有影响。用免疫组织化学的方法检测25、35、50日龄的北京鸭(已经禁食72 h)单位面积(mm2)腺胃组织中ghrelin阳性细胞数目。研究发现在这3个时期,不管是禁食组还是自由采食组,大量ghrelin阳性细胞多分布于腺胃深层复管状腺中;禁食组腺胃中gh-relin阳性细胞数目比自由采食组极显著增加(P0.01)。结果提示:禁食是影响腺胃产生有活性ghrelin的重要因素。     

Ghrelin及其受体对生殖系统的调节作用

Ghrelin是新近发现的含有28个氨基酸残基的多肽,是生长激素促分泌素受体（GHS-R）的天然配体,除调节生长激素分泌和能量平衡的功能外,还有许多其他的生物学效应。其中ghrelin及其受体广泛存在于生殖系统中,说明这一多肽可能对生殖系统具有重要的调节作用。笔者就ghrelin及其受体对生殖系统的调节作用的研究进展加以综述。     

一例食蟹猴自发性动脉硬化的组织病理学观察

本研究旨在通过观察食蟹猴自发性动脉硬化的组织病理学变化,建立适用于药物非临床研究质量管理规范(GLP)的实验动物背景性资料,为实验性食蟹猴的养殖提供参考.采用常规方法取材、固定、脱水、包埋和切片后进行H.E染色,然后进行光学显微镜观察主要组织脏器内动脉的组织病理学变化特点.结果 显示:食蟹猴心脏、肝脏、小肠、脾脏、肾脏...     

Ghrelin在驯鹿器官内的表达及定位检测

为了探索Ghrelin在驯鹿体内的表达及定位,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)和免疫组织化学技术对其进行检测。Real-time PCR结果显示Ghrelin在所检测的17种器官中均有转录,在皱胃内的转录量最高,其次是胰、十二指肠、睾丸和食管,且转录量显著高于其他器官(P0.05);免疫组化结果揭示Ghrelin的免疫阳性细胞在食管和皱胃内主要分布于黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃的黏膜层、黏膜下层中也可见Ghrelin的免疫阳性细胞,但肌层中未见表达;在肠道主要位于十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠的黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层,尤其在肠绒毛和黏膜下层分布较多;在肝、胰、甲状腺、垂体前叶、睾丸、肺、肾、脾器官内均有Ghrelin的免疫阳性细胞。Real-time PCR和免疫组化结果显示Ghrelin在所检测的器官内均有分布,且在食管和胃肠道内表达量及分布范围最为广泛,这表明Ghrelin对驯鹿的消化系统可能存在一定的调节作用。     

Ghrelin在梅花鹿体内的免疫组化定位研究

为了阐明胃饥饿素(Ghrelin)在梅花鹿体内的表达规律,采用免疫组织化学方法检测Ghrelin在梅花鹿食管、瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠、肝、胰、甲状腺、垂体前叶、卵巢、肺、肾和脾等组织中的分布规律。结果显示:Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞在食管和皱胃内主要分布于黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层;在网胃、瓣胃和瘤胃的黏膜层及黏膜下层中均可见Ghrelin免疫阳性细胞,但肌层中未见表达;在肠道主要定位于黏膜层、黏膜下层和肌层,尤其在肠绒毛和黏膜下层分布较多;在肝、胰、甲状腺、垂体前叶、卵巢、肺、肾、脾等实质器官中同样发现有Ghrelin免疫阳性信号的表达。结果提示,Ghrelin在梅花鹿体内广泛表达且在食管和胃肠道内分布范围最广。     

褪黑素的生物合成及对繁殖性能的影响

褪黑素是一种广泛存在于动物体内的激素,不仅能够调节动物昼夜节律,还能够从多方面影响动物的繁殖性能,对于季节性繁殖动物,褪黑素根据日照时长的变化表现出抑制或促进繁殖性能的作用。对于幼年动物,褪黑素表现出抑制发情的作用,体成熟后则表现促进发情的作用。褪黑素主要通过下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调控动物繁殖活动,除此之外,褪黑素还能够直接作用于生殖系统甚至早期胚胎,通过提高组织及细胞抗炎及抗氧化功能来改善动物繁殖性能。目前,褪黑素能够用于治疗精神疾病及炎症、促进畜禽繁殖和调节昼夜节律,是相关研究领域的热门话题。本文详细描述了褪黑素的生物合成以及分泌调控,并结合褪黑素的生理功能,阐述了对动物繁殖性能以及辅助生殖的影响。     

Detection of residues of foreign substances in the tissues of cows and bulls and in bull sperm]

The presence of residues of some chemical foreign substances in the tissues of cow and bull genitals and in sire sperm was investigated due to frequently occurring reproductive disorders in some large cow herds, mainly with the large-scale rearing system. Negative effects of these substances on the reproductive process of cows and bulls were supposed to be exerted. In keeping with the opinions and data mentioned by some authors in the literature there is a fact that the sperm and tissues of genitals belong to those biological materials which are the first to respond to the toxic effects of different chemicals by disorders of their physiological functions. These disorders, mainly in sperm cells, can be evaluated objectively from the recorded changes in physical and biological characteristics. The chemicals under investigation were residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha, beta, gamma hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, sigma DDT and its metabolites and of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). The concentrations of the residues of these substances in the examined biological materials were very low, in some cases they were not detected at all. It is therefore supposed that these residues could not exert and significant effects on the physiological functions of examined cows and bulls with respect to their reproductive organs. These examinations should become more extensive and thorough, mainly in the herds and regions exposed to potential contamination; the residues of foreign substances should be investigated in view of ecological conditions. These postulates are very urgent, as illustrated by the literature data: in some cases negative effects of certain foreign substances (PCB) were found out and demonstrated on the reproductive functions of people and farm animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

辽东半岛不同生境结缕草种群有性生殖株的数量特征

通过对结缕草种子成熟期有性生殖株的测定,分析了辽东半岛不同生境结缕草种群有性生殖株的种子数量(每花序种子数)和质量(千粒质量)以及生长量(株高)和生殖生长量(花序长,生殖生长比率)的数量特征及其差异。结果表明,生态条件较差生境的结缕草种群,其有性生殖株的株高、花序长、每花序种子数及千粒质量均最低,而生殖生长比率最高,说明不同生境结缕草种群有性生殖株的生殖生长、生育力、其种子生存与竞争力主要受到环境的限制,但有性生殖株个体自身具有生殖生长调节策略,生态条件较差的生境结缕草种群有性生殖株将更多的生长量用于生殖生长。     

大雁生殖系统的解剖学和组织学研究

实验对生殖季节与非生殖季节的大雁生殖系统进行了组织学研究。大雁雌性生殖系统左侧发育，右侧退化。生殖系统由卵巢、输卵管、交际器组成。输卵管包括漏斗部、蛋白分泌部、峡部、子宫与阴道五个部分。卵巢表面无浆膜覆盖，覆以单层生殖上皮，由浅部的皮质和深部髓质组成，皮质内含各级卵泡。雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管、睾丸旁导管系统和交接器组成。精巢的基本结构单位为曲精细管，外层包被着浆膜，其下是白膜，白膜结缔组织伸入精巢实质部，呈网状分布，繁殖季节的睾丸实质内充满曲细精管。     

ER免疫反应产物在幼龄公山羊下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的表达

应用免疫组化SP法时雌激素受体(ER)免疫反应产物在幼龄公山羊下丘脑、垂体、性腺中的分布特点进行了研究。结果显示，下丘脑中ER免疫反应阳性神经元主要分布在视上核、室旁核、室周核等9个核团，在视前区、下丘脑外侧区等核团也有一定数量的阳性神经元；阳性细胞呈圆形、卵圆形、三角形不等，阳性物质大多位于细胞质和胞核，阳性纤维散布于各阳性核团中；在正中隆起和第三脑室室管膜可见大量小而密集排列的深染的阳性神经元。神经垂体中可见大小不等、排列较均匀且染色较深的纤维，腺垂体中腺细胞呈强阳性着色。睾丸曲细精管中的初级精母细胞和支持细胞以及睾丸间质细胞中的ER阳性产物均为微弱表达。由此表明，幼龄公山羊雌激素除作用于性腺外，还主要作用于中枢神经系统的广泛区域，推测其参与了脑中生殖、内分泌、认知等多种功能的调控。     

Lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets are regionally distributed in the female goat reproductive tract: influence of the stage of the oestrous cycle

The reproductive tract of the female is a part of the mucosal system which protects from pathogens invasion. We have analysed the presence and distribution of total lymphocytes, plasma cells (antibody secreting B cells) and T lymphocytes subsets in the reproductive tract of the female goat. The influence of the oestrous cycle on the densities of lymphocytes and plasma cells of the cervix and uterus horn was evaluated in sections prepared for conventional histology. Immunocytochemistry was used for the study of lymphocyte subsets by confocal microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. Present results show that the reproductive tract of the goat is a site rich in lymphocytes. These cells were found mingled with the epithelial cells of the endometrium and distributed throughout the stroma. Lymphocyte aggregates were observed in the stroma. Lymphocyte but not plasma cell number changed depending on the reproductive stage of the goats. The impact of the hormonal environment was different for the cervix and uterine horn. Immunocytochemistry studies evidenced the presence of cells displaying immunoreactivity for both CD 4+ and CD 8+ antibodies in the epithelial layer and stroma of the cervix and uterine horn. These cells were more numerous in the cervix and were also found infiltrating the luminal epithelia of endometrial glands. Overall, our results indicate that lymphocyte distribution is different in the cervix and the horn, and is influenced by the stage of the reproductive cycle. In summary, CD 4+ and CD 8+ T lymphocytes subsets could be found in the endometrium of both the cervix and uterine horn of the goat reproductive tract.     

食蟹猴骨髓采集穿刺方法及其骨髓象测定

为探索采集食蟹猴骨髓的操作方法及其正常骨髓象指标,试验采集了60只食蟹猴的髂骨骨髓,并测定其骨髓象、测得的骨髓象及采集过程中的注意事项.结果表明,可以顺利的采出骨髓,雌雄之间晚幼红细胞、粒红比有显著性差异(P＜0.05),其余无显著差异.     

Cryptosporidium muris-like infection in stomach of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Abstract. Protozoa were present in routine sections of the gastric fundus of 15 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that were being studied in three toxicity studies with novel immunosuppressive agents. Upon detailed light microscopic and ultrastructural evaluation, all stages of parasite development (trophozoites, schizonts, gamonts, and oocysts) were seen and they structurally resembled Cryptosporidium muris, which normally is found in stomachs of rodents. Cryptosporidia were primarily present in the upper one third of fundic glands that were often concurrently colonized by a Helicobacter heilmannii-like organism; however, no clear correlation was found between bacterial burden and the number of protozoa. The primarily mononuclear cellular infiltrate appeared to coincide with the presence of protozoa only in a few animals. Changes in mucous epithelial cells mainly occurred in animals that were part of a 39-week study. Mucous epithelial cells in affected glands contained an increased amount of mucus composed of predominantly acid mucosubstances compared to the normally present neutral mucosubstances. C. muris-like protozoa are newly recognized etiologies for opportunistic infections in the stomach of immunocompromized nonhuman primates. This is the first report of C. muris-like parasite in stomachs of monkeys.