小麦田杂草防除技术

总结了双子叶杂草为主的麦田、单子叶杂草为主的麦田及单、双子叶杂草为主的麦田等各类麦田杂草防除技术,以期为小麦田杂草防除提供参考。     

冬前化学防除麦田杂草的优势及方法

麦田中的杂草与小麦争夺空间、养分、水分,对小麦的生长发育不利,因而要重视其防除工作。本文分析了冬前麦田杂草防除的优势,并从药剂选择、施药时间及施药方法的把握等方面总结了冬前麦田杂草的化学防除措施,以期更好地防除麦田杂草,实现小麦丰产、稳产。     

南京市江宁区小麦田杂草的发生与防除

通过对南京市江宁区麦田杂草的全面调查,摸清了全区麦田杂草的发生种类和草相变化情况,叙述了麦田杂草的发生规律和主要防除方法,剖析了近年来江宁区麦田杂草防除的新情况和新问题,并提出了相应的防除对策,以期为江宁区防治麦田杂草提供参考。     

麦田杂草化学防治技术探讨

在介绍麦田杂草种类及发生规律的基础上,综述麦田杂草化学防治技术,以为麦田杂草的科学防除提供参考。     

淮北地区麦田杂草的发生特点及综合防治技术

麦田杂草是影响小麦产量的重要因素之一,科学防除麦田杂草是夺取小麦高产的重要田管措施.该文分析了淮北麦区麦田杂草种类及其发生特点,并提出了麦田杂草的综合防治技术,以期为淮北麦区科学防除麦田杂草提供技术参考.     

界首市麦田杂草的发生与防除

总结分析近年来界首市麦田杂草发生调查的数据以及防除实践,以期有针对性地更好防除麦田杂草,把麦田杂草的发生和危害控制在允许的经济阈值之内。     

麦田杂草种类及防除对策

麦田杂草是影响小麦产量的重要障碍因素，生产上一直难以彻底消除。为了有效地防除麦田杂草，提高防除效果，做到有的放矢，有必要对麦田杂草的种类进行调查、了解，从而制定科学的防除对策。     

不同类型混生麦田杂草化除技术

化学除草因其省时省工省力的优点,已成为当前麦田杂草防除的主要手段,而不同麦田杂草混合发生又各有特点,防除技术也略有区别。结合实际,介绍了6种不同类型混生麦田杂草的化学防除技术,以供参考。     

麦田杂草为害及防除技术探讨

我省麦田杂草种类多、密度大、分布广、危害重,严重影响小麦生产.麦田杂草防除,重点是要以优化麦田生态环境为中心,采用农业防除和化学防除相结合的先进技术,实行综合治理.     

麦田除草：根据草情早用药

小麦播种期间是防除麦田杂草的关键时期，江苏省农林厅植保站农田杂草防除专家张绍明认为麦田杂草发生随着栽培方式和地区的不同呈现多样化，应根据杂草发生特点采取相应的方法防除。     

抗药性杂草产生原因及治理策略

分析了长时间或多次使用一类或一种除草剂及使用作用靶标相同的除草剂致使杂草抗药性产生的原因,同时指出除草剂和杂草的特性也对杂草的抗性产生影响。提出了治理杂草抗性的措施：以预防为主,多种手段相结合的方式延缓和治理杂草抗药性的产生。     

杂草抗药性生物型的研究进展

简述了抗药性杂草生物型现状及其发展动态,综述了杂草抗药性产生的原因和抗性机制的研究进展。     

粉剂除草剂颗粒表面改良后防除杂草试验初报

研究了粉剂除草剂(14%乙·苄可湿性粉剂)颗粒表面活性改良后除草剂对稻田杂草的除草效果.结果表明,两试验点每公顷用改良后除草剂600 g 15 d后的防效达到88.2%、79.7%,与常规除草剂750 g的防效相当;30 d后,其防效仍为89.1%、88.0%,但常规除草剂750 g/hm2的防效明显下降,仅为64.6%和73.7%.因此,除草剂改良后能显著减少使用量、提高防除效果和延长除草有效期.     

Site-Specific Weed Control in Maize,Sugar Beet,Winter Wheat,and Winter Barley

A four-year study of site-specific weed control is presented in this paper. Weed seedling distribution was sampled and mapped prior to and after post-emergence herbicide application in four fields planted with maize, sugar beets, winter wheat and winter barley, rotating on one site. Herbicides and other weed control strategies were applied site-specifically according to the spatial variation of weed populations. Different decision algorithms were used for chemical weed control methods in each crop. A weed treatment map was created to direct location and dosage of herbicide application. The sprayer was coupled with a differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). The solenoid valves of the sprayer were opened automatically when the tractor entered a weed patch characterized in the weed treatment map. For site specific herbicide application, a patch sprayer was developed that allowed variable rate application and the selective control of each section of the spray boom.     

北方稻田常用除草剂及其混剂的药效和安全性评价

北方稻田除草受自然条件和栽培技术影响,选择除草剂及其混配制剂应把安全性放在第一位.长期使用除草剂、不合理使用除草剂及栽培措施会引起杂草群落演替,难治杂草增多.除草剂混用及混配制剂要有针对性、专用性,结合良好的施用技术才能获得好的除草效果及效益.     

Two-Year Weed Seedling Population Responses to a Post-Emergent Method of Site-Specific Weed Management

Field experiments were conducted to determine how a site-specific weed management practice in Zea mays L. influenced the numerical and spatial distribution of a naturally occurring weed infestation in Z. mays and the succeeding Beta vulgaris L. crop. Compared to conventional broadcast herbicide applications, site-specific herbicide applications reduced herbicide load by 11.5 and 98.0% in two separate Z. mays fields. The broad range in outcomes was attributed to the spatial aggregation and density of target weed populations. While herbicide use was successfully reduced at field locations with low weed density, most survivors of multiple control tactics were in locations with the highest initial density. A greater understanding of interactions between weed management and weed density would increase the likelihood that site-specific weed management offers long-term improvements over conventional approaches.     

Beyond patch spraying: site-specific weed management with several herbicides

Site-specific weed management can include both limiting herbicide application to areas of the field where weed pressure is above the economic threshold (patch spraying) and varying the choice of herbicide for most cost-effective weed control of local populations. The benefits of patch spraying with several, postemergence herbicides in irrigated corn were evaluated in simulation studies using weed counts from 16 fields. Patch spraying with one, two or the number of herbicides that maximized net return for a field was simulated. With patch spraying of one herbicide, the average area of a field left untreated is 34.5%. Net return increases by $3.09 ha⁻¹ compared to a uniform application without decreasing crop yield. Additional herbicides increase the average benefits with just 4% more of the field treated. With two herbicides, the increase in net return is almost tripled and herbicide use is reduced nearly 10-fold compared to patch spraying with one herbicide, and weed control is better than the uniform application in 10 fields. Using more than two herbicides for patch spraying further reduces weed escapes, but herbicide use is greater than a uniform application in 10 fields. Growers might be more willing to adopt patch spraying if more than one herbicide is used in a field.     

谷子田除草剂除草试验初报

进行了谷子田除草剂除草试验。结果表明：播后苗前施药,44％谷友可湿性粉剂除草效果较好,总防效85．99％。苗后施药,56％2甲4绿钠可湿性粉剂对阔叶杂草的防效较好,总防效达92．14％,但对禾本科杂草的防效较差,总防效为-29．7％。     

油-棉连作棉田油菜秸秆覆盖对棉田杂草发生及土壤杂草种子库的动态影响

在安徽省沿江棉区开展了油菜秸秆覆盖对棉田杂草发生、棉花生长及土壤杂草种子库影响的研究。结果表明,随着油菜秸秆覆盖量的增加,对棉田杂草的抑制效果增强。与未覆盖秸秆且不除草处理相比较,7000Kg/hm²秸秆覆盖量处理棉花单株铃数和子棉产量显著提高。7000Kg/hm²秸秆覆盖量处理在覆盖后30d、60d和120d逐步减少0-20cm土层杂草种子库密度,与全程除草剂处理较一致;随着覆盖量减少,对0-20cm土层杂草种子库密度降低幅度减小。全程除草剂处理降低0-5cm土层杂草种子库多样性,而油菜秸秆覆盖则可能增加0-5cm土层的杂草种子库多样性。3500Kg/hm²覆盖量+秸秆覆盖30d后喷施除草剂处理的抑草效果和增产效果与全程除草剂处理一致。因此,在安徽省沿江棉区油-棉连作棉田推荐使用3500Kg/hm²油菜秸秆覆盖量+秸秆覆盖30d后喷施除草剂。     

天津麦田杂草化学防除现状和问题

介绍了天津麦田杂草发生与危害的现状,总结了麦田杂草化学防除的特点及除草剂的应用现状,并针对其存在的问题提出相应建议,以期对麦田化学除草技术的推广及避免麦田化学除草中出现的问题有所帮助。